Local Government Categories and Hierarchies
The local government ordinances specify that local urban areas shall be defined as a town, Municipality, city or metropolis depending on their size. The corresponding local government is a town committee, a municipal committee, a municipal corporation or a metropolitan corporation. Municipal status is primarily a function of population. Urban settlements with a population ranging from 5,000 to 30,000 are generally designated as town committees. Municipal committees have populations up to 250,000. Cities beyond that size and provincial capitals either have a municipal or a metropolitan corporation status. Property tax rating areas generally extend to the municipal committees and the larger town committees. The status of local government functionaries is directly correlated with the municipal status of the particular jurisdiction. At present, there are 2 metropolitan corporations, 15 municipal corporations, 156 municipal committees and 301 town committees functioning in Pakistan.
In urban areas, the four types of municipal committees have an organizational set-up that is more or less similar across the provinces. Despite the fact that urban Union Councils from town committees to municipal corporations vary in size a, where the latter may be as much as a hundred times the size of the former, there are very clear similarities in their organizational structure. There are always three sections or departments comprising general administration, finance and engineering. Town committees have just these three departments that grow in size and qualitative specialization as the size of the urban area increases, i.e. when a municipal committee or corporation represents it. Municipal committees and corporations are also very similar with regards to the nature of their organizational structure and both have two additional departments: education and health. Furthermore, the accounts department consists of two separate units, one for finance and the other for taxation.
The two metropolitan corporations of Lahore and Karachi have much more diverse and extensive organizational structures by virtue of their size. For example, given the extensive nature of the types of works that are to be performed in metropolitan areas, there is a need for additional departments that perform specialized functions pertaining to legal affairs, land management, development, etc. Besides, the larger municipal corporations in the country, together with the two metropolitan corporations have development authorities functioning as parallel organizations within the cities. However, while urban local councils perform more service related functions, development authorities are more involved with engineering, urban and town planning as well as traffic related issues.

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