You may find here a look into every aspect of these political philosphers but details may ruin the very purpose of this thread which is intended to give hints about most of the aspects of these philospher. Details are found everywhere, in books & over the Internet but I've come up with the idea to make hints for all those who want to remember the key points of what they have learnt from other resources. Thanking you in anticipation.


POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY



Plato (427-347)



The Ideal is the Real.

World of Being static while the world of becoming dynamic.
Reality belongs to state which prior to human beings.
Close relation between politics and ethics.
Idealistic & based on analogy.
Works: The Republic, Statesman & The laws.

The republic.

In ideal state virtue reign supreme.
State as an magnified individual.
State is an imitation of the best and noblest life.
To promote virtue one must have knowledge of what is right and connection of politics with philosophy.
Plato ideal state was possible, so, he was ideast rather than idealist.
Virtue is teachable and therefore promotable.
To promote virtue, a man must not only bear good will but must have the knowledge of what is right.
Is a thing right because it gives pleasure? Plato answer was certainly not.
Ideal state based on the analogy of state and individual, reason, spirit and appetite.
He meant the state to be the state, a type for all time and climes.
State out to be the one in which an individual finds his best self.
Feminist and same education for them.
Abolition of family, specialization of functions, rule of philosophy.
Philosophy = reason in action.

Criticism:

a). False analogy between individual and stage.
b). State is totalitarian.
c). Communism impracticable.
d). Failed to denounce slavery.
e). Ignored working classes.
f). Ignored the evils of functional specialization.
g). Failed to provide a regular constitution.

Platonic Conception of Justice:

Man and classes must be confined to their own specific duties to the state and their selfishness must give place to utter devotion to the state which could only be done if justice reigned supreme in the state.

Earlier:
Cephalous:

Giving every man what is due to him.
Socrates: justice is the interest of the weaker mean the governed.
Glaucon: It is good to be unjust than to suffer injustice.
To Plato: The will to concentrate on one owns sphere of duty and not to meddle with the sphere of others which will lead to functional specialization.
The state is the reality of which justice is the idea.
His justice is against individualism.
Justice is a principle of non-interference.

Criticism:

1). Ignores the evil of functional specialiaztion.
2). Stunts the growth fo the individual.
3). Impossible for the ruling class not to interfere.
4). Against functional not regulative interference.
5). In moral terms rather than legal terms.
6). Duties not rights for individual.
7). Does not provide for the clash of individual and class interests.
8). Monoploy of Philospher rulers.