Define political science. To what extent can one be systematic in a study of political process? How " scientific" is political science? ---2012
Salam to everyone as From CCE-2020 onwards political science paper will be of 200 marks and comprises of two papers.Since Syllabus is copied from CSS so one can expect same paper pattern and questions as that of CSS from SPSC in this regard I am sharing past questions of 20 years distributed Topic Wise. This Tab is specific for Political Science Past Papers. If Someone has past papers of CCE (erstwhile PCS) of political science please do share in this tab



PART A WESTERN POLITICAL THOUGHTS



1) HEGEL

Examine the view that Hegelian spirit is nothing but evolution of human consiousness to the realization of political maturity for global human co-existence---2019
Short Note : "Life in state of nature was nasty,poor,brutish and short." (Hobbes) --2008
It is said that Hegal’s dialectic theory was standing on its bead but Marx has reserved it. Discuss this statement-2001
It is said that Hegel's dialectical theory was standing on its head but Marx has reserved it?. Discuss--2006



2) HOBBES / LOCKIE / Rousseau

What is the concept of State of Nature as given by Thomas Hobbes? Make its comparison with the Social Contract as presented by John Locke and Rousseau---2018
Compare and contrast the different political philosophies of Hobbes and Locke. How are these philosophies implemented in present day political systems and policy making---2017
Critically examine the concepts of Hobbes and Locke about `Social Contract.---2015
Critically analyse the Social Contract theory of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau.---2013
Discuss Lockies's and Hobe's perspective on State of nature---2011
(2) "The natural rights of men are right to live,liberty and paoperty".(Locke)--2008
Short Notes a) LOCKE was the father of Modern Liberal Democracy-comment (b) Describe the basic features of Rousseau’s political philosophy.-2007
Compare the views of HOBBES,LOCKE and ROUSSEAU on Social Contract and Sovereignty--2005
Hobbes and Bodin are said to be the proponents of the theory of Absolutism. Do you agree? Give reasons.-2003
(a) Examine the nature of the contract expounded by Locke revolving in the establishment of the Civil Society. (b) How Montesquieu classify government? Which form he considers to be the best--2004
Right to revolt against the established government by Locke, if the former violates people’s trust, is antithetic, in some respects, to the social contract theories of other philosophers. Analyse the statement and explain in detail.--2000
Short notes a) Rousseau theory of general will--2012 (b) Appreciation and criticism of Rousseau’s theory of General Will.--2009



3) Montesquieu /Bantham and Mill

Examine Montesquieu's theory of separation of powers. Why he has been called "Aristotle" of eighteen century? Discuss.---2013
Montesquieu with all his faults and irregularities is the father of modern historical research." explain and discuss---2012
Examine Montesquieu’s theory of separation of powers. Why has he been called the Aristotle of eighteenth century? Discuss.--2009
"Nature has placed man under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out, what we ought to do as well as to determine, what we shall do..... We owe to them all our ideas; we refer to them all our judgments and all the determinations of life". Bentham. Show how Bentham and J.S. Mill promoted pleasure-pain theory and under what nomenclature. Had this theory any historical ROOT as well as EFFECT on the political conditions obtaining in their homeland?--2000
State the grounds on which Mill advocated the freedom of individual's conduct.what limitations did he apply to this freedom?--2008
Short Notes : (a) Bentham’s `Utility’(b) Philosopher King --2015 (c) Bentham’s theory of Punishment.--2002 (d) Banthom's theory of Punishment -2006 (e) Montesquieu expounded his theory of separation of power to set forth the government organization in order to safeguard the political liberty. Explain.(f) Narrate those facts on which he has been called the Aristotle of the Eighteenth Century.2002



4) ARISTOTLE / PLATO

Give critical analysis of Aristotle's classification of Governments---2016
Aristotle was a REALIST and not an IDEALIST- explain w.r.t his theory of the Ends and functions of the state.--2007
Critically analyze the salient features of Plato’s Republic. Do you think that some of its features are valid, even today? ---2018
Critically examine the concept of "Justice" by Plato.---2014
Plato intended to build an institution for scientific study of politics and training of statesman." elaborate. ---2012
“Aristotle was great but not grateful student of Plato”. Comment. -2010
Discuss Plato’s contribution to the History of political thought.--2009
Plato intended to build an institution for scientific study of politics and training of statesman" elaborate--2009
Explain Plato's theory of Justice. How he tries to impliment it through educational system?--2006
Examine the main similarities and differences in the Political Ideas of Plato and Aristotle-2004
Plato’s Communism was, is and will remain impracticable. Critically examine this statement.-2003
Explain Plato’s Theory of Justice. How he tries to implement it through the Education System?-2001
Short notes :a) Platonic and Aristotlian paradigms-2011 (b) Show how Aristotle’s Organic Theory different from Plato’s Idealistic Theory of State.--2000



5) KARL MARX/ Machiavalli

According to Marx "the mode of production in material life determines the general character of social, political and spiritual process in life". Elucidate---2017
“Equal distribution of wealth”, explain this statement in the light of Marx’s philosophy.---2015
Marx's historicalmaterialism is the application of dialectical materialism to explian historical events processes and developments in society -explian ----2011
Is it correct to say that Machiavelli was an Apostle of power politics?---2016
Is it correct to call Machiavelli citizen of all states and contemporary of all ages”. Argue.-2010
Machiavelli enunciated the philosophy of Art of government for effective disciplineand stability in the satate. Analyse and discuss the basis of this philosophy in detail?--2006
As far Philosophers,they make imaginary Laws for imaginary Commonwealths".Elucidate this statement.--2005
Machiavelli enunciated the philosophy of art of the government for effective discipline and stability in the state. Analyze and discuss the basis of his philosophy in detail.-2002
Short notes : (a) Machiavelli’s Prince.--2000 (b) Marx's theory of Class Struggle -2013 (c) Political Philosophy of Karl Marx--2004



PART B MUSLIM POLITICAL THOUGHTS



1) IBN KHALDUN

Write a detailed note on the concept of asbiah as given by Ibn-e-Khaldun. What is its significance in the progress and decline of nations?--2018
Discuss the upward and downward development of state, rulers and ruled in the socio-political thought of Ibn Khaldun.---2017
Discuss in detail Ibne Khaldun’s concept of `Asbiyah’.---2015
Ibn-e-khaldun perhaps was the first philosopher to realize the relevant importance of economics to politics. Discuss. --2012
How far is it true to say that Ibn-e-Khaldun perhaps was the first philosopher to realize the relevant importance of economics to politics? Argue.--2008
Discuss the place of Ibn-e-Khuldun in the history of Political Philosphy? --2006
."Ibn-e-Khaledun is called the Father of Political Economy".Discuss his views on Political Economy.--2005
Short notes : (a) Asabiya --2014 (b) Ibne Khaldun's concept of Asbiyah --2013 (c) Ibn-Khuldun’s stages in the development of the state. 2002



2) AL FARABI/GHAZALI

Discuss in detail the concept of "Raisul Awwal" by Al-Farabi.---2014
Al – Farabi must be placed among the proponents of the Theory of Social Contract.” In the light of this statement. -2003
“Farabi was much inspired by Plato in his setting of the Ideal City, or the Model State.” Discuss--2001
Farabi was in the truest sense, "the parent of all subsequent Arabic philosophers", so that its only natural that he is regarded by the Muslims as the ‘Mu’allim’-o--thani., the second Preceptor, the first being Aristotle. Explain.--2000
Critically appreciate Al-Ghazali's theory of khilafat---2011
AL-GHAZALI was the tourch bearer of the Muslim Rationalistic Renaissance. Analyse the statement in view of his status as a MUJADDID--2007
Enlist the quantities of Al-Ghazali’s Amir and detail account of his daily routine.-2002
Short notes : (a). Al-farabi theory of state--2012 (b) Ideal State of Al-Farabi--2010 (c) AI-FarabPs Concept of State--2004



3) AL MAWARDI / OTHER

Describe Al mawardi's theory of Imamate---2016
“Al-Marwardi brought constitutional theory of Islam in line with political reality of his time.” Discuss this with reference to his views on ‘Khlafat’ and Wizarate’. ---2010
Discuss the theory of Kingship as propounded by Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi.--2009
The Imamate is established to replace prophecy in the defence of faith and the administration of the world". Elaborate this statement of Al-Mawardi with reference to his Theory of Jmarnate.--2004



PART C POLITICAL CONCEPTS/ TYPES OF GOVERNMENT



1) ISLAMIC CONCEPT OF NATIONALISM/UMMAH

Write a detailed essay on the principle of Ijtihad in Islam as given by Allama Iqbal. How it can be made possible in the modern age?--2018
What is the Islamic concept of State? Identify issues and challenges to the Islamic concept of state in the modern times.--2017
An Ideal Islamic State is bound to bring revolutionary changes in all spheres of human life.” Discuss--2010
Elaborate the characteristics of Islamic State. Give proper references from the Holy Quran and Sunnah.-2003
Keeping in view the concept of Shura in Islam, which system of government you suggest for an Islamic State – Presidential, Parliamentary or any other? Explain you answer in detail, especially with reference to the practical problems. --2001
Short notes : (a). Iqbal’s views on Ijtehad--2010 (b) Iqbal's concept of millat -2011 (c) Dr.Iqbal's concept of Ego (Khudi)--2005 (d) Explain Allama Iqbal’s Concept of Nationalism. Do you agree that it developed through a lengthy process of evolution?---2001



2) Nationality / Sovereignity/ Confedration/ Federation/ Fascism

Explain the concept of Nationality Distinguish between Nationality and Citizenship---2019
Discuss in detail the concept of sovereignty and explain its attributes.---2015
Sovereignty is the most essential element of state hood-explain wrt the differences in the nature of western and Islamic concepts of sovereignty.--2007
"If a determinate human superior, not in the habit of obedience to a like superior, receives habitual obedience from the bulk of given society,’ that determinate superior is sovereign in that society and that society-( including the superior) is a society political and independent". Austin. Critically examine the theory of sovereignty with reference to views expressed by thinkers in the 16th century.
What characteristics of society leads to adoption of federal form of government? How it can function successfully---2017
Globalization restrict the autonomy of state, generates domestic and social conflicts and inequalities.Discuss the interaction between globalization and domestic politics---2019
Explian Confedration How it is different from Federation---2016
Fascism generally flourish in countries with strong Nationalism and weak democracies.Discuss enabling conditions for facism with reference to germany and Italy---2019
How far is it true to say that the origin of the state lies in force? Discuss critically the Theory of Force regarding the origin of state---2019
What is Fascism and why it is considered to be the child of first half of 20th century events to place in Europe? ---2017
Short Notes : (a) The nature and emergence of 'Nation state' (b) Attributes of Sovereignty -2010 (c) Principles of Fascism-2009 (d) Merits of Federation.---2009 (e) Fascism VS Platonism--2005 (f) Discuss the principles of "Fascism" highlighting its historical background. --2004 (g) “In all federations there is a manifest tendency to entrust the central governments with a wider and wider sphere of authority.” Analyze the statement and discuss in detail.--2002(h) Differentiate between Federation and Alliance.--2002 (i) “Communism is inimical to democracy, freedom and actual rights.” Critically examine the statement. --2002 (j) What are the salient features of communism? Briefly explain.--2002



3) Rights / Liberty /Will of Society

Define and discuss Liberty and its safeguards. Enlist the causes of decline in modern times.---2013
Define and discuss Liberty and its safeguards. Enlist the causes of its decline in modern times also.--2009
Liberty is described as power to do or enjoy something that is worth doing or enjoying in common with others." In the light of the above statement discuss the significance of liberty in the contemporary societies.--2008
Rights and duties are based on the principal of reciprocity?. Explain.--2006
Critically examine the most important theories of Rights as explained by different writers.(Minimum three--2005
Rights are conceived in different ways of various political philosophers. Critically examine the most important theories of right.-2002
How General Will of a Societyii formulated? Discuss in the light of Rousseau's interpretation, on the conclusions, characteristics and criticism of the Theory of Genera! Will-2004
Short Notes : (a) Rights and duties are two faces of same facets---2011 (b) Liberty-2014



4) Political Parties / Pressure or Interest Groups / Public Opinion/ Political Concepts

Compare and contrast the differing roles played by political parties and interest groups in making public policy---2017
Democratic Political system can not function succesfully without organized Political Parties.Discuss---2016
Discuss "Democratic Political System". How can it bring even change in the society.---2014
Give a brief account of historical evolution of Political Parties with reference to theories on the origin of Parties.Also enumerate functions of Political Parties.--2005
Define political parties and their functions. In your view, which party system is suitable for Pakistan's political system?---2013
Discuss the importance of Political Parties in a Modern state and assess, Their role as effective instrument of mobilizing Public Opinion.--2007
How public opinion is made and how it can be measured.----2015
Discuss organization & functions of pressure groups. Point out indicators of its effectiveness also.--2009
What are the agencies available for the formation of and expression of public opinion. Also Discuss the methods of influencing public opinion. Can public opinion be regarded as the 5th essential element of a modern democratic state?--2006
What are the agencies available for formation and expression of public opinion. Also discuss the methods of influencing pi hiic opinion.-2004
Discuss the "Political Culture". Also its importance.---2014
Unitarianism is the habitual exercise of supreme legislative authority by one central power. Bring out basic features of this form of state, giving examples and show that the District Devolution Plan, as an advanced form of local government, is not the initial step towards formation of unitary type of state in the country.--2000
Short notes :
(a) Pressure group--2015 (b) Political Parties -2003 (c) Pressure Groups--2003 (d) End of History --2016 (e) Totaliarianism --2016 (f) Women empowernment.-2016 ( g) Civil Society --2016 (h) Public opinion -2016(i) Social Justice -2014 (j) Oligarchy -2014 (k) Separation of Power ----2014 (l) Independence of judiciary-2013 1-views of marx on socialist revolution -2012 2-classical Liberalism---2012 ii. Opinion Polls--2010 (a) What are the powers and functions of an executive as a second great organ of the Government. -2004 (a) Discuss the three principles for constituting the Second Chamber in a bi-cameral Legislature. -2005 (b) Explain the doctrine of Judicial Review--2005 ii- Theory of seperation of Power---2006 ii) Mao’s views on Individualism.2009



PART D POLITICs IN PAKISTAN


Would you agree if it is stated that dictatorship is the only remedy for social, political and economic instability in a developing country?--2010
Examine in detail the principal advantages and disadvantages of parliamentary over presidentail form of government.--2008
In what circumstances might a democratic country turn to military dictatorship or totalitarian rule--2008
a) What are the essential pre-requisites for successful Federal System? (b) Point out the problems and prospects of local –self Government in Pakistan.-2007
Explain the general reasons of military interventions in politics in the developing countries of the world. What precautionary measures you suggest to avoid such situation--2001
What are the reasons for the increased activity of the state in modern times? Do you subscribe to the views that the failure of democracy in Pakistan is the consequence of misplaced priorities, determined by its leaders on the basis of their self-interest and prejudices against their opponents?2000
discus the principal advantages and disadvantages of parliamentary over presidential form of govt. With special reference to Pakistan--2012
Compare and contrast between Democracy and Dictatorship. -2003
What are prerequistes for success of democratic political sysytem of Pakistan---2011
The growing Judicial activism in Pakistan is clearly at the expense of parliamentary supremacy and soveireinghty critically analyze the statement----2019
What is the significance of independent judiciary in a democratic republic? Do you think that without an independent judiciary a system of checks and balances can be established in the government? Explain with appropriate examples--2018
Write a comprehensive note on power of judicial review and its limits in the context of Pakistan---2011
How far 18th amendemnet will transform existing federal system of Pakistan---2019
What is significance of Local Government System in a country? Discuss the reasons of repeated failures of the efforts in Pakistan to establish a stable local government---2018
How local self government strengthens democracy. Why this system is unable to work consistently and successfully in Pakistan? ----2015
(a) Write an essay on the structure and powers of the present local Government in Pakistan. (b) Point out its merits and demerits.-2003
Write a critical note on “Devolution of Power Plan 200”. Explain also its positive as well as negative points as compared to the previous system of local government in Pakistan.--2000
Short notes :
(a) Role of middle class in strengthening the democracy. (b) Violation of parliamentary values and traditions in Pakistan (c) Significance of religious harmony in a state.--2018
a) End of History --2016 (b) Totaliarianism --2016 (c) Women empowernment.--------- a) Civil Society (b) Public opinion .------- -2016
(b) Social Justice -2014 (c) Oligarchy -2014 (a) Liberty-2014 (b) Separation of Power ----2014
(i) Independence of judiciary-2013 (ii) Merits of Federation ---2013
1-views of marx on socialist revolution -2012 2-classical Liberalism---2012
Unitarianism is the habitual exercise of supreme legislative authority by one central power. Bring out basic features of this form of state, giving examples and show that the District Devolution Plan, as an advanced form of local government, is not the initial step towards formation of unitary type of state in the country.--2000