360 BC Plato attacks Athenian democracy in the Republic.
323 BC Alexander the Great dies and his Macedonian Empire fragments.
44 BC Julius Caesar is murdered. The Roman Republic drawing to a close.
27 BC Establishment of the Roman Empire under Octavian.
AD 330 Constantine makes Constantinople into his capital, a new Rome.
395 Following the death of Theodosius I, the Empire is permanently split into eastern and western halves.
527 Justinian I is crowned emperor of Byzantium.
800 Coronation of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor.
1054 Start of the East-West Schism, which divides the Christian church for centuries.
1066 Successful Norman Invasion of England by William the Conqueror.
1095 Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade.
1340 Black Death kills a third of Europe's population.
1337 - 1453 The Hundred Years War
1453 Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks.
1492 Christopher Columbus lands in the New World.
1498 Leonardo da Vinci paints The Last Supper in Milan, as the Renaissance flourishes.
1517 Martin Luther nails his demands for Reformation to the door of the church in Wittenberg.
1648 The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War.
1789 The French Revolution.
1815 Following the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte the Treaty of Vienna is signed.
1860s Russia emancipates its serfs and Karl Marx completes the first volume of Das Kapital.
1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated and World War I begins.
1945 The World War II ends with Europe in ruins.
1989 -The Berlin Wall comes down and
1992 The Treaty of the European Union is signed in Maastricht