Paper I
Select the best option\answer and fill in the appropriate box on the answer sheet
1. In psychology , case studies are used to :
a. draw conclusions , about individual behavior on the basis of group finding
b. draw general conclusions about behaviour of the client
c. assess heritability of individual
d. show importance of case studies.
e. None of these
(Case study in psychology refers to the use of a descriptive research approach to obtain an in-depth analysis of a person, group, or phenomenon. )
2. psychology is concenered with the study of :
a. how group exchange resources
b. overt behavior only
c. mind and behavior
d. how aggregate behavior is specified
e. none of these
3. an independent variable is
a. the only variable of interest
b. a variable that is independently verified
c. a variable whose value depends on dependent variable
d. the variable that is manipulated by experimenter
e. none of these
4. introspection is :
a. a scientific method used to study dreams
b. a psychotherapeutic technique where the patient gives a running account of internal dialogues
c. a process used to uncover symbolic representation in dream
d. the analysis of the content of our own thoughts.
e. None of these
5. The law of effect states that :
a. close temporal contiguity is the key characteristic in forming an association between stimulus and response.
b. A response will be strengthened if the organism is rewarded for that response
c. effect is strong if the effect is long lasting.
d. Response generalize across similar surroundings.
e. None of these
6. structuralism and functionalism are similar in that both :
a. emphasize the analysis of mental structures to explain behavior
b. emphasize the fluid, personal nature of consciousness.
c. Regard psychology as the science of conscious experience.
d. Emphasize the observation of behavior rather than consciousness.
e. None of these.
7. the school of psychology that argues that nearly all behaviour is a result of conditioning and that the environment shapes behavior is labeled
a. gestalt, wertheimer
b. psychoanalytic, freud
c. behaviorism, tichner
d. behaviorism, Watson
e. none of these
8. chemical which are produced in the brain, and facilitate communication between nerve cells are called:
a. neurotransmitter
b. plasmas
c. syntactic structures
d. adrenocorticoids
e. none of these
9. psychologists , who typically apply psychological principles to diagnose and treat emotional problems , including illness and marital and family conflict are in the sub field called :
a. biological
b. clinical and counseling
c. social and personality
d. school and educational
e. none of these
10. the first step in any research project is generating a:
a. theory
b. experiment
c. hypothesis
d. proposition
e. none of these
(its the conception stage , the idea stage ,which forms a question or hypothesis , but if its not imp to include then
hypothesis is the answer )
11. the discipline that deals with sampling data from a population and then drawing inferences about the population from the sample is :
a. hypothesis testing
b. statistics
c. multivariate experimentation
d. independent sampling
e. none of these
12. when two variables are correlated , variation in one ?
a. may possibly cause variation in the other.
b. Can only be inferred with social validation
c. Can be cause of variation in the other only if the correction is positive.
d. Always suggests a causal relationship with the other.
e. None of these.
13. in the early stages of research , the most efficient way of making progress toward explaining phenomenon is to :
a. videotape
b. precisely measure
c. survey
d. observe
e. none of these
14. a scholarly summary of a body of research on some topic is called
a. case history
b. literature review
c. meta-analysis
d. theory
e. none of these
15. the principle governing the ethical treatment of human participants in research essentially states that the hazards anticipated in the research project should be not greater than those encountered in the daily activities
????
a. informed consent
b. right to privacy
c. minimal risk
d. informed participants
e. none of these
16. S-R psychology is an approach associated with the perspective :
a. behavioral
b. psychoanalytic
c. cognitive
d. subjectivst
e. none of these
( it is also referred to as a ,b , c collectively but according to def of Stimulus Response , behavioral can be the answer )
17. psychologists whoa re interests in the perception of motion, part-whole relationship and in how people judge size were identified with what shool of psychology?
a. psychoanalytic
b. gestalt
c. behavioral
d. structural
e. none of these
18. the center of Freud theory is the thoughts, attitudes, impulses , wished and motivations of which we are unaware:
a. conditioning concept
b. unconsciousness
c. biological motivation proposition
d. multivariate construct
e. none of these
19. relating overt behavior to electrical anc chemical events taking place inside the body is characteristic of which contemporary perspective?
a. behavioral
b. subjectivist
c. biological
d. cognitive
e. none of these
20. the subjetivist perspective in psychology
??
a. is most like cognitive one
b. is generally not influenced by cultural and emotional variables
c. has been most pervasive
d. all of these
e.none of these
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errors correction welcomed