Every Day Science Paper - 1998
Partial Solution
Note: Attempt
TEN questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. “Earthquakes have helped a great deal in deciphering the internal structure of the earth”. Comment on this statement.
2. Discuss briefly the achievements of Muslims in the development of science. State the reasons of downfall of science in Muslim Society.
3. Discuss in detail the fission and fusion processes. Which one of thee processes in the source of solar energy?
4. Give a detailed description of global warming and its possible effects on life. What measures have been taken by various nations to tackle this problem?
5. Give chemical name of one Nitrogenous and one Phosphorus containing fertilizer. What is the role of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potash in the growth and development of various parts of a plant.
6. Write short notes on the following:
(i) Conductor
(ii) Resistor
(iii) Semi-conductor
(iv) Thermistor
(v) Transistor
7. Write short notes on five of the following:
(i) Antibody
(ii) Blood group
(iii) Carbon cycle
(iv) Nitrogen cycle
(v) Scavenger
(vi) Reaction time
(vii) Photosynthesis
(viii) Starfish
8.Which of the following statements are true?
(i) Trout is a sea fish.
False
(ii) Epiphytes is a plant that grows upon another plant.
True
(iii) Hepatitis is inflammation of membranes surrounding the brain.
False
(iv) Meningitis is the inflammation of liver.
False
(v) Equinox is the time when the sun appears vertically overhead at noon at the equator.
True
(vi) Drought is a long period of rain.
False
(vii) Joseph Aspdin is the inventor of cement.
True
(viii) Neurology is the science of nervous system.
True
(ix) Biochemistry is the application of statistics in the study of Biology.
True
(x) Aviculture is the science of the rearing of animals.
False
9. Name the quantities which are measured by the following units.
(i) Newton
(ii) Joule
(iii) Watt
(iv) Volt
(v) Light year
(vi) Angstrom
(vii) Acre-foot
(viii) Becquerel
(ix) Hertz
(x) Cusec
Answers:
(i) Force
(ii) Work Energy
(iii) Power of electricity
(iv) Potential difference
(v) Distance of stars and planets
(vi) Length
(vii) Volume
(viii) Radioactivity
(ix) Frequency
(x) Rate of flow of water
10. Match the cause of the disease:
Disease-----Cause
Rickets
-----Plasmodium
Goiter
------Protein deficiency
Typhoid
----Iodine deficiency in diet
Merismis
--- Salmonella typhosa
Malaria
---- Deficiency of vitamin D
Answers:
Disease-----Cause
Rickets
-------Deficiency of vitamin D
Plasmodium
---Malaria
Goiter
---------Iodine deficiency
Typhoid
------ Salmonella typhosa
Merismis
------Protein deficiency
11. What is the function of each of the following in a motor car:
(i) Gear box
(ii) Battery
(iii) Carburetor
(iv) Dynamo
(v) Radiator
12. Explain the following:
(i) Blood group
(ii) Short circuit
(iii) Short sight
(iv) International date line
(v) Plaster of Paris
Answers:
(i) Blood group
A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system, and some of these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of various tissues. Several of these red blood cell surface antigens, that stem from one allele (or very closely linked genes), collectively form a blood group system.
(ii) Short circuit:
1) An electrical circuit of lower than usual resistance, especially one formed unintentionally.
2) A short circuit (sometimes abbreviated to short or s/c) allows a charge to flow along a different path from the one intended. The electrical opposite of a short circuit is an open circuit, which is infinite resistance between two nodes. It is common to misuse "short circuit" to describe any electrical malfunction, regardless of the actual problem.
(iii) Short sight:
the inability to see things clearly unless they are relatively close to the eyes; myopia.
Detail:
Short-sightedness, is a refractive defect of the eye in which collimated light produces image focus in front of the retina when accommodation is relaxed.
Those with myopia see nearby objects clearly but distant objects appear blurred. With myopia, the eyeball is too long, or the cornea is too steep, so images are focused in the vitreous inside the eye rather than on the retina at the back of the eye. The opposite defect of myopia is hyperopia or "farsightedness" or "long-sightedness" — this is where the cornea is too flat or the eye is too short.
(iv) International date line:
Longitude line located at 180 degrees, longitude line that divides time zones so that one side is one one calendar day and the other side is on the next calendar day
(v) Plaster of Paris:
Plaster of Paris, or simply plaster, is a type of building material based on calcium sulfate hemihydrate, nominally CaSO4•0.5H2O. It is created by heating gypsum to about 150 °C.
13. Answer the following:
(i) Of what lead pencils are made of?
(ii) Why is one’s breath visible in cold but not in hot weather?
(iii) What is the chemical composition of diamond?
(iv) Name the vaccine that protects against tuberculosis.
(v) Name the disease of the liver that causes a patient to turn yellow.
14. Fill in the blanks.
(i)
Black hole is a hypothetical region of space having a gravitational pull so great that no matter or radiation can escape from it.
(ii)
Fungicides are used against mould and fungi.
(iii) The science which deals with heredity is known as
genetics.
(iv) Insulin is used for the treatment of
diabetes.
(v)
Yuri Gagarin is the first space man.
(vi)
Pluto is the farthest planet from the sun in Solar System.
(vii) The distance between the earth and the sun is called
Astronomoical Unit.
(viii) The study of chemical processes of living organisms is called
biochemistry.
(ix) The first computer virus invented by two Pakistani brothers is called the
brain.
(x) Severe efficiency of vitamin C results in
scurvy.
15. Differentiate between any five of the following.
(i) Artery and vein
(ii) Hard water and soft water
(iii) E-mail and Snail mail
(iv) Apes and monkey
(v) Hydrostatics and hydrodynamics
(vi) Comet and meteor
(vii) Barrage and dam
(viii) Electron and hole
(ix) Isobars and isotopes
(x) Autopsy and biopsy
Answers:
(i) Artery and vein:
Arteries:
Muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.
Vein:
A blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart. The majority of veins in the body carry low-oxygen blood from the tissues back to the heart; the exceptions being the pulmonary and umbilical veins which both carry oxygenated blood.
(ii) Hard water and soft water:
Hard water:
Water that has a high mineral content (contrast with soft water), usually consisting of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions, and possibly including other dissolved metals, bicarbonates, and sulfates. Calcium usually enters the water as either calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of limestone and chalk, or calcium sulfate (CaSO4) in the form of other mineral deposits. The predominant source of magnesium is dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2). Hard water is generally not harmful.
Soft water:
The term used to describe types of water that contain few or no calcium or magnesium ions. The term is usually relative to hard water, which does contain significant amounts of such ions.
(iii) E-mail and Snail mail:
E-Mail:
Method of correspondence via the Internet; communication sent by electronic mail.
Snail Mail:
Regular mail, normal postal service (not electronic mail)
(iv) Apes and monkey:
A monkey is any member of either the New World monkeys or Old World monkeys, two of the three groupings of simian primates, the third group being the apes.
(v) Hydrostatics and hydrodynamics:
Hydrostatics:
Fluid statics (also called hydrostatics) is the science of fluids at rest, and is a sub-field within fluid mechanics
Hydrodynamics:
The branch of science concerned with forces acting on or exerted by fluids (especially liquids).
(vi) Comet and meteor:
Comet:
Any icy object that exists within the solar system. They are pieces of the primitive, unprocessed matter that formed the solar system 4.6 x 109 years ago. They are typically a few kilometers across and consist mainly of dust grains, frozen water, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; they contain many simple organic molecules.
Meteor:
A meteoroid is a small sand to boulder-sized particle of debris in the Solar system. The visible path of a meteoroid that enters Earth's (or another body's) atmosphere is a meteor, commonly called a "shooting star" or "falling star". Many meteors are part of a meteor shower.
(vii) Barrage and dam:
Barrage:
Not built at heights.
Pressure is not enough to produce electricity.
Only Canals are marked out of it.
Dam:
Built at heights.
Pressure is enough to move turbines so hydroelectricity is generated.
(viii) Electron and hole:
Electron:
They belong to the lepton family and are the negatively charged components of atoms (1.6 x10^-19 coulomb). In the simplest model of the atom, electrons are envisaged to move around the atomic nucleus in specified circular and elliptical orbits.
Electron Hole:
An electron hole is the conceptual and mathematical opposite of an electron, useful in the study of physics and chemistry. The concept describes the lack of an electron. It is different from the positron, which is the antimatter duplicate of the electron.
(ix) Isobars and isotopes:
Isobars:
line on a weather map or chart that connects areas of equal barometric pressure
Isotopes:
Any of the several different forms of an element each having different atomic mass (mass number). Isotopes of an element have nuclei with the same number of protons (the same atomic number) but different numbers of neutrons.
Or
Isotopes and Isobars:
The various nuclides, or species, of a particular chemical element with equal proton number (atomic number), but different neutron numbers were called isotopes of the element, before the more inclusive term "nuclide" was internationally accepted (ca. 1950. Such particular nuclides may still be called "isotopes." However, nuclides with equal mass number but different atomic number are called isobars (isobar = equal in weight), whereas Isotones are nuclides of equal neutron number but different proton numbers.
(x)Autopsy and biopsy:
Autopsy:
Postmortem, examination of a corpse to determine cause of death
Biopsy:
Removal and study of a tissue sample for diagnostic purposes
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