View Single Post
  #14  
Old Tuesday, May 26, 2009
Viceroy Viceroy is offline
Senior Member
Medal of Appreciation: Awarded to appreciate member's contribution on forum. (Academic and professional achievements do not make you eligible for this medal) - Issue reason: Qualifier: Awarded to those Members who cleared css written examination - Issue reason: Css 2010
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: Islamabad
Posts: 850
Thanks: 902
Thanked 1,291 Times in 524 Posts
Viceroy is a splendid one to beholdViceroy is a splendid one to beholdViceroy is a splendid one to beholdViceroy is a splendid one to beholdViceroy is a splendid one to beholdViceroy is a splendid one to behold
Default

Partial Solution
Every Day Science Paper 2004

Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Note: Attempt any ten questions. All questions carry equal marks.


1. Write short notes on any two of the following :

a. Superconductivity

The pairing of electrons in certain materials when cooled below a critical temperature, causing the material to lose all resistance to electricity flow. Superconductors can carry electric current without any energy losses.
About one third of all metals loose all electrical resistance at temperatures below a specific critical temperature. Many elemental metals are superconductors.

Some critical temperatures are: lead Tc = 7.2 K, tin Tc = 3.7 K, niobium Tc = 9.2 K, aluminum Tc = 1.2 K, mercury Tc = 4.2 K, and vanadium Tc = 5.3 K.

Superconducting wires can carry currents with zero losses up to very high current densities. Above a critical current density Jc, superconductivity is supressed. A typical critical current density is 106 A/cm2. Superconductivity is also supressed by strong magnetic fields.

b. Night Vision Technology

Night vision works in the basis of the following two technologies
  • Image enhancement - This works by collecting the tiny amounts of light, including the lower portion of the infrared light spectrum, that are present but may be imperceptible to our eyes, and amplifying it to the point that we can easily observe the image.
  • Thermal imaging - This technology operates by capturing the upper portion of the infrared light spectrum, which is emitted as heat by objects instead of simply reflected as light. Hotter objects, such as warm bodies, emit more of this light than cooler objects like trees or buildings.
For details see
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com...ightvision.htm

c. Seismograph

A measuring instrument for detecting and measuring the intensity and direction and duration of movements of the ground (as an earthquake). It senses and records the vibrations that radiate out from the earthquake focus. It is a machine for measuring the intensity of earthquakes by recording the seismic waves that they generate.

2. Briefly write down characteristics of : (5 each)

a. Mercury

The closest planet to the Sun. Mercury is the smallest of the the terrestrial planets. It is somewhat similar in appearance to Earth's only natural satellite, the Moon, in that it is heavily cratered. It has a substantial core of ferrous metals which is thought to account for seventy per cent of the mass of the planet. This core is a very large region as well, accounting for three quarters of the volume of the planet. Mercury does not have an atmosphere, however, since it is too small to possess the gravity necessary to hold gases to its surface. Mercury has no natural satellites.

b. Pluto


Pluto , also designated 134340 Pluto, is the second-largest known dwarf planet in the Solar System (after Eris) and the tenth-largest body observed directly orbiting the Sun. Originally classified as a planet, Pluto is now recognised as the largest member of a distinct region called the Kuiper belt. Like other members of the belt, it is composed primarily of rock and ice and is relatively small; approximately a fifth the mass of the Earth's Moon and a third its volume. It has an eccentric orbit that takes it from 30 to 49 AU (4.4–7.4 billion km) from the Sun, and is highly inclined with respect to the planets. As a result, Pluto occasionally comes closer to the Sun than the planet Neptune.


3. Name :

a. The desert mammal which does not drink water :Knagaroo Rat/Addax

b. The mixture which can dissolve platinium : Aqua regia

c. The constituent elements of Bronze : Tin and Copper

d. The vitamin whose deficiency causes a disease called beri beri : Thiamine(B1)

e. The electrical device which transform voltage : transformer

f. A nuclear reaction in which two or more than two lighter nuclear are fused together to form a relatively heavier one : nuclear fusion

g. The purest naturally occurring crystalline form of carbon : diamond

h. The hormone secreted by adrenal cortex : aldosterone

i. The three colours combination which produces the sensation of white light : Red green and blue

j. The defect of vision because of which a person cannot see distant objects clearly : Myopia or Short sightedness

4. What are fertilizers ? what do you understand by the term NPK fertilizer ? How do fertilization contribute to the pollution ?

5. Write briefly about any five of the following

a. Nuclear radiation

Three are atomic nuclei of some elements that continuously emit some ultraviolet waves called radiation. When the process of radiation is stimulated through various nuclear processes it is called nuclear radiation. The important nuclear radiation, from a weapon standpoint, are alpha and beta particles, gamma rays and neutrons. All nuclear radiation is ionizing radiation, but the reverse is not true; X-rays for example, are included among ionizing radiation, but they are not nuclear radiation since they do not originate from atomic nuclei.

b. Theodolite

An instrument used in surveying to measure horizontal and vertical angles with a small telescope that can move in the horizontal and vertical planes.
It is a key tool in surveying and engineering work, but theodolites have been adapted for other specialized purposes in field like meteorology and rocket launch technology.

c. Dialysis


In medicine, dialysis is primarily used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function (renal replacement therapy) due to renal failure. Dialysis may be used for very sick patients who have suddenly but temporarily, lost their kidney function (acute renal failure) or for quite stable patients who have permanently lost their kidney function (end stage renal failure).

When healthy, the kidneys maintain the body's internal equilibrium of water and minerals (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfate) and the kidneys remove from the blood the daily metabolic load of fixed hydrogen ions. The kidneys also function as a part of the endocrine system producing erythropoietin and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol).

Dialysis treatments imperfectly replace some of these functions through the diffusion (waste removal) and convection (fluid removal). Dialysis is an imperfect treatment to replace kidney function because it does not correct the endocrine functions of the kidney.

d. Enrichment of Uranium

Uranium is a radioactive element that occurs naturally in the earth's surface. Uranium is used as a fuel for nuclear reactors. Uranium-bearing ores are mined, and the uranium is processed to make reactor fuel.
In nature, uranium atoms exist in several forms called isotopes - primarily uranium-238, or U-238, and uranium-235, or U-235. In a typical sample of natural uranium, most of the mass (99.3%) would consist of atoms of U-238, and a very small portion of the total mass (0.7%) would consist of atoms of U-235.

To enrich the uranium, a process called gaseous diffusion was developed by the United States in the 1940s. The gaseous diffusion process creates two products: enriched uranium hexafluoride, and depleted uranium hexafluoride (depleted UF6).

Enriched uranium is used for the defense needs and in making fuel for commercial light water nuclear power reactors. Depleted UF6 has had only limited uses, and since gaseous diffusion was initiated in the 1940s, large quantities of depleted UF6 has accumulated at the gaseous diffusion plants where it was created.

e. Richter Scale

A scale for measuring the magnitude of an earthquake devised by the American seismologist Charles Richter. The device measures the tremors originates during the earth quake and shows its intensity on scale which is from 1 to 10, ten being the highest while one is the lowest of scales in terms of intensity of earth quake.

f. Aqua regia

Aqua regia is a 3:1 mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. Aqua regia is used to test gold and platinum; it is just about one of the few substances that can dissolve gold and platinum.

g. Iodized salt

Iodine is a natural element required by the human body for proper physical and mental development. It is essential to the production of hormones that affect many parts of the body, particularly muscles, the heart, liver, kidneys and the brain. While most people receive sufficient amounts of iodine from their daily diets, but number of people cannot get it as their soil lacks iodine and because they lack access to foods which contain iodine.
Physical manifestations of iodine deficiency (IDD) include mental retardation, coordination abnormalities, deaf-mutism, spastic diplegia (spastic paralysis of the lower limbs) and dwarfism. During childhood, mild IDD can result in permanent intellectual impairment, with the intelligence quotient lowered by 10-15 points

To overcome the deficiency, Salt has become the most accepted food for iodine fortification because it is one of the few commodities that is almost universally consumed by all sections of a community, and at approximately the same level throughout the year, irrespective of economic level.

6. Which physical quantities are measured by the following units ?

a. Rutherford : Atomic Spectrum
b. Torr: Atmospheric pressure
c. Fermi : metric unit of length for measuring nuclear distance
d. Sved berg unit: sedimentation rate
e. Diopter: refractive power of a lens
f. Mho : conductance
g. Henry: inductance
h. Maxwell: magnetic flux
i. Becquerel: radioactivity
j. Kilo watt hour: Energy

7. What are the various sources of energy ? How does energy is produced in the surface of the sun ? what will be the future of the sun ?


8. Which are the following statements true and which are false ?

a. a six feet tall lady can see her full image in a three feet Plane Mirror: (True)

b. Vanadium, a steel gray corrosion resistant metal occur naturally in oxide state :(False)

c. Fibre optics cable carries data in the form of light: (True)

d. Blue flame is hotter than red flame :(True)

e. The falling of yellow leaves during autumn is the seasonal time for plants to get rid of accumulated wastes : (True)

f. Friction is necessary evil: (True)

g. There are 9.5 x 10^15 m in one light year (True)

h. The velocity of a moving object is least where the pressure is greatest (True)

i. Heat reaches earth from the sun by means of convection : (False)

j. Meningitis is the inflammation of liver : (False)

9. Differentiate between the following pairs

a. periscope & pyrometer

periscope is an optical instrument
pyrometer is a meter used to measure high temperature

b. cell & battery

Cell is a small unit/device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
Battery is a device that produces electricity having several cells arranged in parallel or series

c. perimeter & altimeter


perimeter is the outer boundary of a figure or area; total length of the outer boundary

altimeter is an instrument for determining altitude attained, especially a barometric or radar device fitted in an aircraft.

d. pelage and plumage

pelage is growth of hair/fur/wool covering the skin of animals while
plumage are feathers covering the body of birds

e. smog and smoke

Smog is formed by the interaction of pollutants present in the air in presence of sun light (photochemical smog), it usually restricts visibility and is hazardous to health

Smoke are the thin fine particles usually result from the combustion

10. Fill in the blanks

a. the largest planet of solar system is Jupiter

b. the temperature of the dead human body on Celsius scale is according to the temperature around the body

c. for a large span of a long jump, two things are taken into account viz (i) angle with which one jumps and (ii) angle of projection

d. the number of the spinal nerves in the man is 31 pairs

e. a primary cell can not be charged again (not)

f. Halos around the moon are formed because of the phenomenon of dispersion of light

g. Scattering of light determines the duration of the day

h. Muscle stiffness is caused by a disease called Tatnus

i. Oil rises in a wick of oil lamp on account of a property of matter called Capillary action

j. Muslim scientist Ali al Tabari is famous for his work on medical sciences

11. Give scientific reason of the following

1. rain water is more fertile than water from tube well

after falling, the rain drops start moving on slope side, during this movements, the soluble salts and minerals solves from top soil in the flowing water, which increases its fertility, while the rain drops which percolates into deeper regions of soil are note able to absorb more salts and minerals so is less fertile as compared to rain water in streams

2. the man-hole covers are generally round

Manhole covers are round so that is doesn’t get dropped accidentally into the manhole. The round shape requires less space than a square and makes handling easier. Once removed, the cover can be transported by rolling.

3. clothes of a moving dancer bulge

due to movement of dancer the clothes got electric charge, which on fast movement collides with the opposite charge so the clothe bulge inside out

4. peoples are advised not to stand near a fast moving train

people are advised not to stand near a fast moving train as the train in tremendous speed cuts the pressure of air which can disbalance the objects after passing of train present near the railway line

5. the image of a tree looks inverted on the bank of a lake

This is due to the law of reflection according to which image is formed far and inverted

12. why are the scientists worried about the increase of carbon dioxide gas in the atmposphere ? is there any possible benefit for the mankind in case of global warming ?

13. what do the following scientific abbreviations stand for ?

a. STP standard temperature and pressure/ Shielded Twisted Pair
b. ATP Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
c. PNP proton – neutron – proton
[Positive-Negative-Positive (transistor) ]
d. LAN local area network
e. KWh kilo watt hour
f. BTU British Thermal Unit
g. LDL Low-density lipoprotein
[commonly referred to as bad cholesterol]
h. ROM Read only memory
i. MAF million acre feet
j. SONAR Sound Navigation and Ranging

14. Match the column A and B but write the answers serial wise in column C

S.No... Column A.............. Column B......................... Column C
A ......Frank whittle ..............Fission ............................Jet Engine
B ........Addison................... Electricity........................ Electricity
C ..........Hahn ....................Genetics ............................Fission
D .........Mendel .............Lightening Conductor..................Genetics
E .....Benjamin Franklin ...../.Steam Engine........... Lightning Conductor
F .....Bardeen & Brattin .....Uncertaininty principle ..............Fusion
G ......Heisenberg ................Jet engine .................Uncertainity Principle
H ........Fermi ......................Cyclotron .........................Length
I .......Lawrence ............Electro magnetic waves........... Cyclotron
J .....Maxwell Hertz.................Fusion ................Electro Magnetic Waves
H.......James Watt .................Length.........................Steam Engine


15. Choose the best choice in the following statements

1. the three elements needed for healthy growth of plants are :
a. N, P, K b. N, C, P c N, K, C d N, S, P

2. the most abundant element in the human body is :
a. Carbon b. Hydrogen c. Oxygen d. Nitrogen

3. ammonium nitrate is not used for :
a. Rice crop b. wheat crop c. sugarcane crop d. cotton crop

4. sea divers use a mixture of gases for breathing during diving. The mixture is :
a. 80% He & 20%O2 b. 80% N2 & 20 O2 c. 20%O2 & 40% N2 40% CO2 d. 50% He & 50% O2

5. Which one of the following is a water soluble vitamin
a. Niacin b. Ascorbic acid c. trypsin d. riboflavin

6. Which of the following enzymes bring about hydrolysis of fats ?
a. urease b. zymase c. maltase d. lipase

7. the solution of which acid is used for seasoning of food :
a. formic acid b. acetic acid c. benzoic acid d. botanic acid

8. influenza is caused by :
a. fungi b. bacteria c. virus d. protoza

9. the blood glucose level is raised by the following except :
a. carbohydrates b. cholesterol c. insulin d. epinephrine

10. the energy possessed by water in a dam is :
a. electrical energy b. kinetic energy c. potential energy d. mechanical energy


Disclaimer
This material is intended, but not promised or guaranteed to be accurate
I have only used "featured" or "protected" articles from Wikipedia (if they are used)
Aspirants are advised not to rely on the solution and use it for revision purpose only
I will try my best to post a paper each day till we reach the final 2009 paper
__________________
When you have to shoot, shoot. Don't talk. ~ The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly

Last edited by Xeric; Wednesday, May 27, 2009 at 01:45 AM.
Reply With Quote
The Following 9 Users Say Thank You to Viceroy For This Useful Post:
AFRMS (Tuesday, May 26, 2009), M Zahid Gondal (Sunday, March 10, 2013), M.Murtaza (Monday, April 05, 2010), oxon (Tuesday, November 06, 2012), pisceankhan (Sunday, August 17, 2014), sanu (Thursday, September 09, 2010), sumaira85 (Thursday, February 10, 2011), uzma khan youzaf zai (Saturday, October 24, 2009)