Council of Europe






Secretaries-general

11 Aug 1949 - 17 Sep 1953 Jacques Camille Paris (France) (b. 1902 - d. 1953)
21 Sep 1953 - 24 Sep 1956 Léon Marchal (France) (b. 1900 - d. 1956)
15 Sep 1957 - 15 Mar 1964 Lodovico Benvenuti (Italy) (b. 1899 - d. 1966)
16 Mar 1964 - 15 Sep 1969 Peter Smithers (U.K.) (b. 1913 - d. 2006)
16 Sep 1969 - 16 Sep 1974 Lujo Toncic-Sorinj (Austria) (b. 1915 - d. 2005)
17 Sep 1974 - 17 Sep 1979 Georg Kahn-Ackermann (W.Ger.) (b. 1918 - d. 2008)
1 Oct 1979 - 1 Oct 1984 Franz Karasek (Austria) (b. 1924 - d. 1986)
1 Oct 1984 - 1 Jun 1989 Marcelino Oreja Aguirre (Spain) (b. 1935)
1 Jun 1989 - 31 May 1994 Catherine Lalumière (f) (France) (b. 1935)
20 Jun 1994 - 1 Sep 1999 Daniel Tarschys (Sweden) (b. 1943)
1 Sep 1999 - 1 Sep 2004 Walter Schwimmer (Austria) (b. 1942)
1 Sep 2004 - Terry Davis (U.K.) (b. 1938)

COE membership

5 May 1949 Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom

9 Aug 1949 Greece1
9 Mar 1950 Iceland
13 Apr 1950 Turkey
13 Jul 1950 Federal Republic of Germany
16 Apr 1956 Austria
24 May 1961 Cyprus
6 May 1963 Switzerland
29 Apr 1965 Malta
22 Sep 1976 Portugal
24 Nov 1977 Spain
23 Nov 1978 Liechtenstein
16 Nov 1988 San Marino
5 May 1989 Finland
6 Nov 1990 Hungary
29 Nov 1991 Poland
7 May 1992 Bulgaria
14 May 1993 Estonia, Lithuania, Slovenia
30 Jun 1993 Czech Republic, Slovakia
7 Oct 1993 Romania
10 Nov 1994 Andorra
10 Feb 1995 Latvia
13 Jul 1995 Albania, Moldova
9 Nov 1995 Macedonia, Ukraine
28 Feb 1996 Russia
6 Nov 1996 Croatia
27 Apr 1999 Georgia
25 Jan 2001 Armenia, Azerbaijan
24 Apr 2002 Bosnia and Hercegovina
3 Apr 2003 Serbia and Montenegro2
5 Oct 2004 Monaco
11 May 2007 Montenegro


1Withdrew 12 Dec 1969; rejoined 28 Nov 1974. 2From 5 Jun 2006, Serbia.

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"Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them."