• Global warming is the expected gradual, slow warming of the lower layer of earth's lower atmosphere by greenhouse gases, mostly Carbon Dioxide and lesser by Methane. These gases trap infra red radiations which otherwise, keep the earth cool.

• In 2003, the concentration of carbon dioxide was 5o % more then what was in the start of industrial revolution in late 90s.

• UN formed a group of scientists (International Panel on Climate Change) to work on climate

• Climate Model Projection says that the globally surface temperature will increase by 1.1 to 6.4 Centigrade in 21st century.


• Greenhouse gases (Carbon dioxide and Methane) mostly come from fuel used in cars, factories and electricity production. Less forests are also a cause

• Solar Energy: over the last 4 billion years energy output by sun is increasing and it will continue to increase. Unless the sun will be red giant and I think that would be the last day of the earth

• Orbital Variation: Slight variation in earth’s orbit also effect the climate as with it amount of sunlight changes

• Volcanism: Volcanism is a process of conveying material from the mantle of the earth. This also makes the earth more and more warmer

• Human Influence: Human activity is very likely the cause of rapid increase in temperature. Human being uses cars, electricity, cutting forests and many other activities which produce carbon dioxide.


• Global temperature will rise 1.1 to 6.4 centigrade in 21st century

• Sea level is projected to rise between 7 to 23 inches

• If recent melting continues the sea level can further rise 4 to 8 inches (Extreme threat for Maldeves)

• Hot extremes, heat waves and heavy rain would be possibilities (Extreme threat for Nepal)

• More proliferation of insect pests which in turn will spread more diseases

• Al Gore underlined the possibility of collapse of major ice sheet in Greenland which would result in 20 feet raise in sea level and more than 100 million of refugees


• Earth Summit 1992: held by UN in 1992, 172 countries participated. Discussed the climate change and addressed the issues 1) systematic scrutiny of patterns of production, 2) alternative source of energy to replace fossil fuel, 3) reliance on public transport,
An achievement of Earth Summit 1992 came in terms of KYOTO Protocol 1997

• KYOTO Protocol 1997: under this protocol 37 industrialized countries (called Annex I countries) committed themselves to reduce four greenhouse gases. They committed to reduce their collective emission to 5.2 % to the 1990 level. Other countries showed their general commitment

• Bali Summit 2007: Held in Bali Indonesia in 2007. EU proposed “well below half” of the 2000 level by 2050 for developing countries and 20 to 40 % emission below 1990 level by 2020 for developed countries. America opposed the proposal

• Copenhagen Summit 2009: UN arranged global summit in Copenhagen in December 2009 but failed to come up with a visible solution. (More details of this Summit will be uploaded soon)


• Biofuel: Biofuel is as old as the cars itself. Due to cheap oil it was ignored but now with the increase in oil prices it is the best solution for energy

• Cell Charge: Soon we well have a type of cells which will turn chemical energy into electricity and it will use hydrogen for generating electricity

• Geothermal Energy: Geothermal energy has been used for thousands of years in some countries for cooking. This energy is found in rocks beneath earth’s crust.

• Solar Energy: every hour sun beams on the earth, have more than enough energy for a year. So solar energy is another option for reduction of greenhouse gases

• Latest Technology: Latest and clean technology can be used for emission of carbon dioxide. New model cars with good mileage, can be introduced for example.

• Al Gore, Nobel Peace Prize winner says “ Each one of us is a cause of global warming, each one of us can make choices to change that with the things we buy, the electricity we use, the cars we drive; we can make choices to bring our individual carbon emission to zero”

(Source: World Times Magazine December 2009)