NUCLEAR DISORDER AND EXIT DOORS



Out-line:
INTRODUCTION
1. Nuclear weapons
2. A brief history
3. Types of nuclear weapons
4. Nuclear strategy
5. Weapons delivery
6. Governance, control, and law
7. Disarmament
8. Uses
9. Nuclear power of Pakistan and Iran’s pursuit a head ache for world
10. Nuclear Disorder - Surveying Atomic Threats
• The nuclear cascade
• The Nuclear Terrorist
• Regime Fatigue
• The Nuclear weapons States
• The Fierce urgency now
11 Nuclear Deterrence is a truth or Myth
12 Overcoming the Obstacles to a Nuclear-Free World
• Stopping the cascade
• Status Anxiety
• Ike’s double-edged sword
• Greening the globe

CONCLUSION




ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN
INTRODUCTION
TRUE GENESIS
COMPARISON OF PAKISTAN AND INDIA'S ELECTRICITY POTENTIAL
EFFECTS OF LOAD-SHEDDING AND BLACKOUTS
---Economic
(a) Business Sector and Industries
(b) Agricultural Sector
(c) Flight of capital to other countries
(d) Hesitation in foreign Investment
(e) Inflation
(h) Poverty
(i) stagnation to growth and development
---Social
(a) Agitation among common people may lead increase in crimes
(b) Increase in Anti Government sentiments by protests and boycotts
(c) Affecting Education sector and students
(d)
---Political
(a) Decrease credibility of politicians in a thrice time military ruled country

CAUSES OF PREVALENT CRISIS
(a) Lack of proper planning and implementation
(b) Major reliability on Thermal electricity and increase in international oil
prices
(c) Lack of water resources for required dams and hydro-power
(d) Theft of electricity : Network and corrupt wapda employees
(e) Population explosion
(f) Internal Political disputes
(g) No quest for the required alternative energy resources

ELECTRICITY DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP
(est. figures for June 2009)
---DEMAND = 25,000 megawatts
---SUPPLY = thermal (12,580 megawatts, 65%)
hydroelectric ( 6,463 megawatts, 33%)
nuclear ( 462 megawatts, 2%)
---DEFICIT 3000 megawatts (Peak season 4000 to 6000 megawatts)
capacity 19,505megawatts , generation fluctuates from 16000 to 17000 megawatts
Source: Energy Crisis Report, Center for Research and Security Studies Islamabad Pakistan

PAKISTAN'S POTENTIAL ENERGY POSITION
SOLUTIONS
---GOVERNMENTAL
+ Change of time
+ Energy saver bulbs
+ Renewable energy opportunities
+ Coal Power and Hydro-power electricity
+ Financial and Policy incentives

---CONSIDERABLE SOLUTIONS
(1) Fuel cell Technology
(2) Hydrogen Fuel (Hydro-oxy gas)
(3) Bio-methanol
(4) Bio Diesel
(5) Karrick Process
(6) Solar Energy
(7) Tidal Energy
(8) IJI PIPELINE AND OTHER REGIONAL ACQUISITION
(9) Further Investment on nuclear energy to use as civil energy.
CONCLUSION

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ربِّ زِدْنِي عِلْماً 'My Lord! Increase me in knowledge'