Write an explanatory note on hydel (hydroelectric) energy.

ANS:


* The electricity generated by moving the turbines of a generator using the energy of flowing water ( or falling water) is called hydroelectric energy or hydel energy.

* During rain or snowfall, the potential energy of water molecules is converted into kinetic energy. When ice at higher altitudes melts, its gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and it flows as a stream of water or as a river.

* If we store rainwaters by constructing a dam, the water has higher potential energy. When this water is allowed to fall from a height, its potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.

* This kinetic energy of flowing water can be used to rotate the turbine blades along with the armature of electric generator to produce electricity.

* The hydroelectric power station at Ukai on the river Tapi in Gujarat generates 300 MW of electricity. A hydroelectric power station has been constructed on river Narmada at Sardar Sarovar dam.

* Mini hydroelectric power plants can be constructed in hilly regions or at small dams if the water falls through the height of at least 10 meters.

* ADVANTAGES:

1. Once completed, the hydroelectric power station needs only maintenance and proper management which is not much costly.

2. A dam constructed for hydroelectric power station can also be used for irrigation and it prevents floods.


* LIMITATIONS:

1. The cost of installation (construction) of a hydroelectric power station is very high.

2. The requirement of a large area for constructing the dam leads to destruction of forests and causes a great ecological imbalance.