post colonial literature

"post modernism is a cultural ,technological and sociological ressistance/movement against modernity."

characteristics of literature.

1.post world war scenerio.
2.reaction against Enlightenment.
3.distinction between high and low culture.
4.subjectivism.
5..colonial reaction.
6.Diaspora.
7.identity crisis
8.migration pull.
9.sexism.
10.Reaction against Marxism.
11.linguistic ingenuity.


major authors and writers.

Pakistani writer:
1. ahmed Ali.
2.attia hussain.
3.Zulfikar Ghose.
4.hanif kureishi.
5.sara suleri.
6.Adam zameenzad
7.Tariq Ali.
8.Muneeza shamsie.
9.kamila shamsie.
10.mohsin hamid.
11.Tariq naqvi.
12.bina shah.
13.Alamgir hashmi.
14. ameer hussain.
15.Nadeem Aslam.
16.sorraya .y.khan.
17.uzma aslam khan.
18.muhammad hanif.

Indian(famous)
Arudhth roy.

Budhist.
bepsi sidwa

english.
fanön.

Egyptian.
Edward said.

African.
Tonni morrison.

Major themes of age.

1.irony,playfulness,black humour.
2.intertextuality

the term coined by julia kristeva to designate the various relationships that a given text may have with other text.
1.anagram
2.allusion.
3.adaptatiön.
4.translation.
5.parody.
6.Pastiche.
7.imitation.

Theories of strucuralism and post structuralism that refer to other texts(or to themselves as texts)rather than to external reality.some critics are of opinion that the ubiquity of term "intertextuality"in post modern criticism has crowded out terms and nuances.Irwin laments that intertextuality has eclipsed allusiön,as an object of literary study while the latter term's clear definition.Linda hutcheon argues that excessive interest in intertextuality obscure the role of the author,because intertextuality can be found "in the eye of the beholder"aod does not necessarily entail a communicator's intentions.

Pastiche.

A literary work composed from elements borrowed either from various other writers or form of particular author.the term can be used in a derogatory sense to indicate lack of originality,or more neutrally to refer to work that involve a deliberate and playfully imitative tribute to othe writers.it differs from parody in using imitation as a form of flattery rather than mockery,and from plagiarism in its lack of deceptive intent.

METAFICTION.

It fiction about fiction;or more especially a kind of fiction that openly comments ön its own fictional status.in a weak sense,many modern novels about novelists having problems writing their novels.the go beyond occasional apologeitc addresses to the reader.it often undermine the authority of the author ,for unexpected narrative shifts,to advance story in a unique way,for emotional distancd,or to comment on act of story telling.

STERNE"TRISTAM SHANDY".

Poioumena.
It is a term coined by Alastair Fowler to a specific type of meta fictiö in which story is about process of creation.It include"central metaphor" for this process

TEMPORAL DISTORTION.

The term in modern narrative refer fragmentation and nön linear narratives are central features in both modern and post modern literature.It is a fiction for irony sake.

Magic Realism.
Latin American literary movement that arose in the 1960s,the term has been attributed to cuban writer"Alejo cargentier".it is ammalgamation of realist portrayals of myths,creating a rich ,frequently disquieting world that is at once familiar and dream like.

TECHNOCULTURE AND HYPERREALITY;
technoculture was popularized bye editors constance Penley and Andrew Ross.it refers to the interactions between,and politics of,technology and culture.Hyperreality means the way consciousneess defines what is actulay real in a world where a multitude of media can radically shape and filter an original event or experience."late capitalism"implies that society has moved past the industrial age and into informatiö age.

PARANOIA;
this term excessively used in post modern/cultural literature.;the belief that there's an ordering system behind the chaos of the world.

MAXIMALISM.
The term used to encompass all factors under a multi-purpose umbrella term like expressionism.This is also called hysterical realism

MINIMALISM;
focussed on surface descriptions where readers are expected to take an active role in the creation of a story.it is opp. To maximalism.these authors hesitatd to use adverbs,adjectives and meaningless details.

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