International Relations 1999
A. Explain the following
(1) Perestroika:
Ans: It was a program of restructuring the Soviet system launched by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev.
(2) Ethnic cleansing:
Ans: The term is used to express the operation in which the majority ethnic group attempts to wipe out the opposing minority ethnic group through violent methods of mass killing.
(3) Land Mines Convention:
Ans: The representatives from 140 governments joined by representatives of hundreds of NGOs and international agencies attended the convention signing conference and mine action forum Ottawa from December 2 to 4, 1947.
(4) Star Wars Program:
Ans: It is a program proposed by US government which aims at countering the threat of Soviet and Chinese missiles.
(5) Iron Curtain:
Ans: The term refers to to the tight security ring which the Soviet Union had formed along its frontiers.
B. Acronyms
(6) OAU stand for:
Ans: Organization of African Unity
(7) WMD stands for:
Ans: Weapon of Mass Destruction
(8) APEC stands for:
Ans: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
(9) OIC stands for:
Ans: Organization of the Islamic Conference
(10) OSCE stands for:
Ans: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
C. Write as asked
(11) Two main points of Oslo Accord:
(1) The future status of Jerusalem would be determined through negotiations between Palestine and Israel.
(2) The issue of Palestinian refugees and the Israeli settlers in the west bank would be discussed after complete withdrawal of Israel from the west bank.
(12) Two main points of Dayton Agreement:
(1) The state of Bosnia and Herzegovina was divided into two units called the Serb Republic and the Muslim Croat Federation.
(2) The state was provided with a presidential form of government, a bicameral legislature, a central bank, a court and a single currency.
(13) Two main points of Shimla Accord:
(1) It aimed at normalization of relationship between the two countries after the 1971 war. (India and Pakistan)
(2) There was no agreement on the exchange of prisoners of war or Kashmir dispute.
(14) Two main points of Geneva Accord:
(1) Russia would withdraw its 115,000 troops from Afghanistan within a period of 9 months.
(2) Arrangements shall be made for organized return of Afghan refugees to their homelands.
D. Who are the following?
(15) Richard Holbrook:
Ans: US diplomat to the United Nations. He was the architect of 'Dayton Peace Accord' which was signed in 1995.
(16)Abdul Rehman Waheed:
Ans: President of Indonesia
(17) Bulent Ecevit:
Ans: Prime minister of Turkey
(18) Monica Lewinsky
Ans: She was a US White House intern who developed intimate relationship with US president Bill Clinton. The scandal led to the impeachment motion against the president.