Did Energy Crisis: Causes & Consequences. Wrote around 2400 words. I realized everyone would be doing this topic and also realized that people would focus more on electricity therefore I deliberately added gas in the essay too (it was required btw because we are dealing with energy and not electricity in this topic). Also referred to energy mix of Pakistan in the intro. In the conclusion emphasized that electricity problem can be immediately solved because we have 20,000MW installed capacity while average annual demand is only 14,000MW.

INTRODUCTION

What is energy and its importance in global scenario
What is energy crisis and its different dimensions
Importance of energy for a country

HISTORY

Problems at the time of independence
Issues during 1950s & 1960s and consequent water politics
Complacency during 1980s-2000s
Contribution of provincialism towards energy crisis
Lack of long term policy making in the past

MAIN CAUSES

Circular debt & Mismanagement
Explosive Population Growth
Impressive GDP growth during 2000s and consequent easy credit availability
Crumbling energy infrastructure
Provincialism
Poor performance of institutions like WAPDA/PPIB/AEDB
Apathy towards developing renewable energy resources
Indigenous natural resources never fully exploited
Stop-gap measures instead of long-term policy making

CONSEQUENCES

Economic
Lower GDP Growth
Unemployment & Rising income inequality
Closure of Industries & Flight of Capital

Political
People losing faith in democracy

Social
Increase in electricity cost
Increase in social evils such as suicides and crimes

Environmental
Rising pollution as a result of using stop gap measures such as furnace oil

REMEDIAL MEASURES

Targeted Subsidy plan
Immediate focus on low cost hydel power
Development of Indigenous natural resources like Thar Coal
Exploitation of renewable energy potential
Improvement in energy infrastructure
Long term and concerted policy making

CONCLUSION