• Pakistan has experienced a good production of various agricultural crops like Wheat, Rice and Cotton in the recent past, but despite of this the farmers were generally not happy. What do you think could be the reasons of farmers’ frustration? Suggest possible solution of such situation. (2001)

• Short Notes: Production of organic rice (2006)

• How do you visualize the present sugar crisis in the country? Elaborate various aspects causing this scenario. Also write down the production technology of sugar cane. (2006)

• Short Notes: Soil reclamation (2008)

• Short Notes: Mango malformation (2008)

• Short Notes: Crop rotation (2009)

• Short Notes: Organic crop production (2010)

• Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology are considered to be the sciences of 21st century. What is the current status of their role in agricultural research in Pakistan and what could be their possible contribution in future in this context? Comment. (2001)

• Differentiate: Genotype and phenotype (2002)

• Short Notes: Application of genetics for improvement of crops (2002)

• Have Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology made any breakthrough in crop production so far? Elaborate the scope of modern techniques in enhancing the agricultural productivity within shortest possible time. (2004)

• Short Notes: Genetic Diversity (2004)

• Differentiate: Synapses and Synopsis (2005)

• Differentiate: Linkage and crossing over (2006)

• Genetic resources possess sufficient genetic blood to double the crop productivity. Narrate their appropriate utilization for maximizing the agricultural production through conventional breeding techniques and modern approaches of crop improvement. (2006)

• Differentiate: Quantitative Genetic Traits and Qualitative Genetic Traits (2007)

• Short Notes: Genetically Modified Organisms (2007)

• Differentiate: Homozygous and Heterozygous (2007)

• What are the Genetic consequences of self-fertilization and of cross-fertilization in crops? (2007)

• Describe the impact of environmental changes on the physiology of plants in general and vegetables and fruits in particular. What are important biotechnological techniques to cater need for breeding resistant plants against these changes? (2008)

• Short Notes: Genetic engineering (2009)

• Define biotechnology and discuss in detail the role of biotechnology in crop improvement. (2009)

• Short Notes: genetic resources and their conservation (2010)

• Narrate the modern techniques of genetics regarding crop involvement. Discuss the prospects of new technologies to have the possibilities of another green revolution. (2010)

• What is modern concept of genetics, gene and gene information? How knowledge of genetics can be used for improving per hectare yield of crops? (2012)

• What is hybrid vigour? Explain the procedure of developing a hybrid corn. (2013)

• Discuss biotic stresses affecting crop production and discuss perspective of integrated pest Management with special reference of Pakistan. (2003)

• How genetic manipulation of field crops can improve the tolerance of the plants to a biotic stress? (2005)

• Discuss the biotic stresses affecting crop production and illustrate the role of IPM to overcome these. (2006)

• Biotic stresses are the matter of great concern in agricultural crop production . Give a comprehensive approach of various pathways to protect the crops from these threats. (2010)

• Differentiate: Determinate and Indeterminate plant species (2002)

• Differentiate: C3 and C4 plants (2004). (2010)

• Differentiate: Pomes and stone fruits (2004)

• Differentiate: True fruits and False fruits (2005)

• Differentiate: Halophytes and xerophytes (2006)

• Differentiate: Monoecious Plants and Dioecious (2007)

• Differentiate: Parasite and Predator (2012)

• What are prerequisites for successful plant propagation? Discuss different modes of reproduction and factors influencing success in vegetable propagation? (2003)

• Discuss in detail different techniques used for the asexual propagation of fruit plants. (2009)

• What is biological Nitrogen fixation? Explain the factors affecting the biological N-fixation? (2001)(2013)

• Short Notes: Factors affecting biological nitrogen fixation (2009)

• Differentiate: biological nitrogen fixation and nitrification (2010)

• What is the ultimate source of nitrogen in soil? Explain in detail how it is fixed and made available to the plants.(2014)

• What are the basic laws of Inheritance? Comment how these laws have helped in the process of crop improvement in agriculture?(2001)

• Discuss the impact of land reforms and law of inheritance on the agriculture in Pakistan. Are you in favor of more land reforms or support Corporate farming? Give reasons. (2011)

• Enumerate the scope of range management in Pakistan and discuss its role in the development of dairy sector in the country. (2009)

• Short Notes: Range management in Pakistan (2010)

• Discuss the role of forests in environment and climate change perspective. What are the reasons of deforestation in Pakistan? Suggest measures to improve the situation. (2011)

• Describe forestry and range management. Illustrate measures to overcome problems of deforestation in Pakistan (2012)

• Describe the principle of Insect Pest Control in agriculture crops. (2001)

• Discuss methods of pest control and pathogen effect on plant physiological functions. (2002)

• Differentiate: Biological and chemical control of crop pests (2006)

• Short Notes: Biological Control of Pest (2007)

• Describe different methods of pest control in crops with main emphasis on biological control of insect-pests? (2009)

• Why indiscriminate use of pesticides is being discourage? Suggest steps for implementation of pesticides laws in the country. (2011)

• Define insect pest management. How can you suggest IPM strategy to control insect pests of cotton crop? (2012)

• Horticulture industry is an emerging industry in Pakistan; how do you comment on it?(2001)

• Briefly discuss the major problems and possible solutions for increasing productivity of horticultural crops. (2002)

• Horticultural crops have not been properly exploited according to their potential. How these can play better role that the major crops in agriculture of the country? (2004)

• Short Notes: Modern concept of horticultural industry (2005)

• Short Notes: potential of horticulture sector as an industry (2010)

• Short Notes:Status of Horticulture in Pakistan. (2010)

• Short Notes: Population problems of rural Pakistan (2001)

• Short Notes: Role of Organic matter in soil (2001)(2013)

• Short Notes: Soil erosion and conservation (2001)

• Short Notes: Soil texture and structure and their management (2002)

• Differentiate: Soil texture & soil structure (2003), (2012)

• Discuss the role of soil in relation to crop production. What is the significance of different phases of soil in plant nutrition? (2003)

• Differentiate: Saline soils and sodic soils (2004)

• What are soil texture and soil structure? How the soil texture and structure affects the plant growth. Discuss in detail. (2005)

• Short Notes: Role of organic matter in soil productivity (2005), (2006)

• Discuss the important physical properties of soils that are of major interest to crop producers. (2007)

• Short Notes: Soil reclamation (2008)

• Short Notes: Soil erosion (2009)

• Discuss the causes of soil salinity and water-logging in irrigated agriculture. Suggest appropriate recommendations to reclaim saline sodic soils. (2010)

• Define Soil Erosion. Suggest ways and means to be adopted for soil conservation in the rainfed areas of Punjab (2012)

• How does soil productivity differ from soil fertility? What are the factors responsible for degradation of soil productivity? Suggest practical measures to improve it.(2014)

• Short Notes: Hybrid seed production (2006)

• Differentiate: basic seed and certified seed(2004), (2010), (2012)

• Short Notes: Live stock as a component of agriculture. (2001)(2004)

• Livestock sector has not properly been exploited as per its potential. What measures should be taken to meet the local demands of milk and meat and also for a better export? (2006)

• Government of Punjab and Government of Pakistan is emphasizing on the valuable role of Livestock in bringing about revolution in dairy products. What is your opinion on this statement in the present scenario of scientific zeal being pursued in the Agricultural and Animal Sciences University? Also elaborate by suggesting some means on the shortcomings in achieving this goal. (2008)

• Short Notes: Challenges in livestock management (2010)

• What is the scope of modern dairy farming in Pakistan? How mean and milk requirements of the people could be fulfilled? Suggest a viable and comprehensive plan of work. (2011)

• Short Notes: Live stock as a component of agriculturein Pakistan.(2013)

• In terms of research and newer technologies in current and future agriculture in Pakistan, how do you comment on the statement? “The basic texture of research consists of dreams into which the trends of reasoning, measurement and calculations are woven.” (2002)

• How research can play role in achieving food security? Discuss in detail. (2005)

• Short Notes: Role of Agricultural research in food security (2003), (2007)

• Short Notes: Importance of statistics in agricultural research (2007)

• Agricultural research has significantly enhanced the productivity of all field crops in Pakistan except the oilseeds. Narrate the main shortfalls and discuss the role of various institutions/agencies working on these lines. (2010)

• Describe various components of IPM Technology and discuss the usefulness of this approach with reference with to fore coming WTO regime. (2004)

• What are different economic decision levels in IPM? Describe the role of IPM in sustainable agriculture. (2005)

• Discuss the biotic stresses affecting crop production and illustrate the role of IPM to overcome these. (2006)

• What are the functions of water in soil and plants? How water stress affect the plant growth and development? (2002)

• Short Notes: Crop water use efficiency (2004)

• Define growth. Enlist and briefly describe the factors affecting it. (2002)

• What aspects of light affect plant growth and development and how they can be managed under field conditions? (2007)
• Short Notes : Genetic factors of crop growth. (2014)

• Short Notes: Components of agriculture integrated system (2002)

• Short Notes: Role of agriculture in the national economy. (2002)

• Importance of Agriculture in economy of Pakistan can’t be underestimated. How do you comment on the statement? (2003)

• What are critical issues in agriculture? Write down their solutions for agricultural development in Pakistan. (2005)

• Short Notes: Foot and Mouth disease (2004), (2010)

• Differentiate: Metastasis and Myiasis (2005)

• Short Notes: Major disease of wheat crop in Pakistan (2005)

• Short Notes: Rust diseases of wheat (2006)

• Why it is necessary to understand the life cycle of both the host and pathogen as well as the disease cycle itself in order to determine appropriate disease control method? (2007)

• Discuss the role of environmental factors in the development of infectious diseases in plants and suggest measures to control these diseases. (2009)

• Differentiate: gram blight and gram wilt(2004), (2010)

• Differentiate: Pathogen and Disease (2012)

• Short Notes: Wind erosion (2005)(2014)

• Short Notes: Green house effect (2006)(2014)

• Short Notes: Conservation of Biodiversity (2007)

• Short Notes: Biosafety issues (2007)

• Discuss environmental pollution. What are the major causes of environmental pollution in Pakistan? (2014)

• Short Notes: Population problems of rural Pakistan (2001)

• Horticulture industry is an emerging industry in Pakistan; how do you comment on it? (2001)

• Pakistan has experienced a good production of various agricultural crops like Wheat, Rice and Cotton in the recent past, but despite of this the farmers were generally not happy. What do you think could be the reasons of farmers’ frustration? Suggest possible solution of such situation. (2001)

• Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology are considered to be the sciences of 21st century. What is the current status of their role in agricultural research in Pakistan and what could be their possible contribution in future in this context? Comment. (2001)

• In terms of research and newer technologies in current and future agriculture in Pakistan, how do you comment on the statement? “The basic texture of research consists of dreams into which the trends of reasoning, measurement and calculations are woven.” (2002)

• Discuss biotic stresses affecting crop production and discuss perspective of integrated pest Management with special reference of Pakistan. (2003)

• Importance of Agriculture in economy of Pakistan can’t be underestimated. How do you comment on the statement? (2003)

• Short Notes: Challenges in animal production in Pakistan (2005)

• Short Notes: Major disease of wheat crop in Pakistan (2005)

• What are critical issues in agriculture? Write down their solutions for agricultural development in Pakistan. (2005)

• Write a comprehensive note on the nutrient management for sustainable crop production in various zones of Pakistan. (2006)

• What are the reasons for low per unit yield of most of the crops in Pakistan as compared to other countries? Suggest measures for enhancement of per unit yield in Pakistan. (2007)

• Pakistan ranks as one of those countries that have the highest proportion of irrigated cropped area in the world, but water is becoming a limiting factor for different crops in different seasons. What measures have been taken by the Government of Pakistan under President's Vision of Pakistan program to solve the problems of water scarcity? (2008)

• How can an efficient sustainable agricultural system ensure food security and safety? Can you forecast the ability of this system to contribute to the economic development and poverty alleviation in Pakistan? (2008)

• Government of Punjab and Government of Pakistan is emphasizing on the valuable role of Livestock in bringing about revolution in dairy products. What is your opinion on this statement in the present scenario of scientific zeal being pursued in the Agricultural and Animal Sciences University? Also elaborate by suggesting some means on the shortcomings in achieving this goal. (2008)

• Year 2007 is seventh year of 21st Century. An array of challenges was identified regarding improving farm production and incomes at the beginning of this century. Can you discuss those challenges and how has Pakistan been able to cope with? (2008)

• Importance of Agricultural Marketing and Research in Pakistan can not be ignored, despite all efforts to stabilize the markets of agricultural produces; there are still many gaps in efficient and substantial system for prices of these produces. Discuss in detail the present system and ways of its improvement in future keeping in view Globalization and WTO. (2008)

• What are surplus export agricultural commodities access for these commodities? Discuss Governmental policies in enhancement of their production and export facilities. (2008)

• Discuss in detail the situation of development in agriculture sector in Pakistan and describe strategies to boost agricultural production in the country. (2009)

• Short Notes: Prospects of meat industry in Pakistan(2009)

• Enumerate the scope of range management in Pakistan and discuss its role in the development of dairy sector in the country. (2009)

• Agricultural research has significantly enhanced the productivity of all field crops in Pakistan except the oilseeds. Narrate the main shortfalls and discuss the role of various institutions/agencies working on these lines. (2010)

• Discuss the role of forests in environment and climate change perspective. What are the reasons of deforestation in Pakistan? Suggest measures to improve the situation. (2011)

• What is the scope of modern dairy farming in Pakistan? How mean and milk requirements of the people could be fulfilled? Suggest a viable and comprehensive plan of work. (2011)

• Explain the reason of low crop yields in Pakistan as compared with neighboring countries. Why Pakistan could not achieve self sufficiency in edible oil, pulses and sugar? Suggest measures to improve the situation. (2011)

• Describe the canal irrigatin system of Pakistan. What are the main causes of shortage of irrigation water for rabi crops? Give suggestions to prove the availability of water during peak period of requirement. (2011)

• Describe forestry and range management. Illustrate measures to overcome problems of deforestation in Pakistan (2012)

• Write a detailed note on prospects of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan. (2013)

• What are the sources of irrigation water in Pakistan? Explain different methods of irrigation to agricultural crops. (2013)

• What are major insects, pests and diseases of cotton crop in Pakistan? Suggest and explain an economical strategy to be
  adopted by the farmers to minimize the losses due to these menaces. (2013)

• Short Notes : Water logging and salinity in Pakistan. (2013)

• What are the major factors responsible of low yield of vegetables in Pakistan? What measures are necessary to increase their production?(2014)

• Describe in detail the benefits and drawbacks of fertilizer and pesticide use in Pakistan.(2014)

• Discuss measures to bridge the gaps persisting between national average yield of major crops and their potential yield. (2003)

• Improvement in price control mechanism of agricultural commodities and their marketing system can break the stagnation in agriculture sector. Identify the main bottlenecks and suggest the appropriate strategies to overcome the shortfalls of the existing systems. (2004)

• Huge import bill of edible oil is a big burden on the national economy for the last quarter century. What necessary measures would you suggest to boost oilseed crop production and to avert this serious crisis? (2004)

• Support price of agricultural commodities generally favours to enhance crop production in the country. Despite this, we are lagging behind in average yields than the technologically advanced countries. Discuss the reasons and suggest strategies to prevail this situation. (2006)

• Price control mechanism of some major agricultural commodities has failed in the country in the near past. Identify the main bottlenecks and suggest necessary measures to strengthen the existing marketing system. (2010)

• What is agricultural mechanization? How can you reduce use of irrigation water through advanced irrigation techniques? (2012)

• Describe major management and breeding problems in: (2012)

1. Fruits
2. Vegetables

• Expalin the process of protein synthesis in plant cell. (2013)

• What are genetically modified organism (GM) and GM foods? Why are GM foods produced Mention the sound scientific basis for considering it safe for human health. (2014)

• Differentiate: Transpiration and Evapotranspiration (2002)

• Differentiate: Alley cropping and strip planting (2002)

• Differentiate: Photosynthesis and Phototropism (2002)

• Differentiate: Respiration and photorespiration (2003)

• Differentiate: Tissue culture & Mutation breeding (2003)

• Differentiate: Apoplasmic & Symplasmic ion movement (2003)

• Differentiate: Thin layer chromatography vs. Gas chromatography (2003)

• Differentiate: Macro nutrients and micro nutrients (2004)

• Differentiate: Pathogenesis and Parthenogenesis (2004)

• Differentiate: Epigeal germination and Hypogial germination (2005)

• Differentiate: Eluviation and Illuviation (2005)

• Differentiate: Oviparous insects and Viviparous Insects (2005)

• Differentiate: HPLC and TLC (2005)

• Differentiate: Vertical resistance and horizontal resistance against plant pathogens (2004), (2006)

• Differentiate: Sericulture and silviculture (2006), (2010)

• Differentiate: Double cross and Double fertilization (2007)

• Differentiate: Photosynthesis and Phototropism (2007)

• Differentiate: Autotrophic and Auxotrophic (2007)

• Differentiate: Respiration and transpiration (2010)

• Differentiate: Organic farming and tunnel cultivation (2012)

• Short Notes: Conducting tissues of carbohydrates, water and minerals. (2002)

• Short Notes: Photoperiodism (2002), (2003), (2005), (2006)

• Short Notes: Alliloparatism (2003), (2004),

• Short Notes: Integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) (2003)

• Short Notes: Impact of WTO on agriculture in developing countries. (2003)

• Short Notes: Role of Biofertilizers in Agriculture (2003)

• Short Notes: Hybrid vigour (2004)

• Short Notes: Principles of crop management (2005)

• Short Notes: Thermoperiodism (2002), (2006)

• Short Notes: Saline agriculture (2006)

• Short Notes: Tunnel Farming (2008)

• Short Notes: Compost (2008)

• Short Notes: Herbicide resistance (2008)

• Short Notes: Effective microorganisms (EM) technology (2009)

• Short Notes: Agro Forestry (2013)

• Short Notes:Organic framing(2014)

• Short Notes:Hidden hunger in crop plants(2014)

• Short Notes:Selective and non selective herbicides.(2014)