Logic

1. Formal and informal arguments: Elements of deductive reasoning, validity and truth, proposition and syllogism

2. Definition with special reference to Aristotle, Ibn-e-Taimya’s criticism of Aristotle, relativity of definition, Ambiguity, vagueness and motive use of language as impediments in clear thinking. Fallacies – formal, material and linguistic

3. Symbolic logic: value of special symbols, symbols for conjunction, negation, disjunction and implication. Method of deduction: Formal proofs of validity, Rules of Replacement

4. The nature of scientific theory, scientific method, inquiry at common sense level and scientific level, scientific explanation, the grounds of belief induction, probability and functional analysis

5. Muslim contribution to logic – inductive and deductive



Philosophy – Western & Islamic

1. Idealism, Pragmatism, Vitalism, logical positivism, existentialism and dialectical materialism. The main arguments of these philosophical theories and their impact on life and morals

2. Muslim Rationalists and social thinkers – Al-Farabi, Ibn-i-Sina, Ibn-i-Rushd and Ibn-i-Khaldun, their main doctrines

3. Schools of Muslim theology – Mutazilism, Ash’arism, Sufism, Al-Ghazali (his ethics and criticism of Muslim rationalists)

4. Muslim thought in South Asia with special reference to Shah Wali Ullah, Sayyid Ahmad Khan and Iqbal, the post-Iqbalian thought

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