EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Public administration as practice
• Egyptian Pyramids – 1500 BC
• Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
As Subject Matter
• After 1914
• More welfare function of state
• In result of mark imperfections after industrialization
• In the aftermath of 1929 Great Recession
• To achieve efficiency and productivity as private sector
CLASSICAL SCHOOL
1. Woodrow Wilson – “The Study of Administration” 1887 (efficiency and productivity) – dichotomy between politics and public ad due to corruption and private sector
2. LD White – “Introduction to the study of Public Administration” 1927 – dichotomy but values
Scientific Management
3. F W Taylor – “Father of Scientific Management” 1930 - Shoveling experiment – human cooperation; supervision; right person for the right job
a. Assumptions
i. Human is a rational economic animal
ii. People respond as individual, not as group
iii. Human as machine
b. Based on
i. Standard mechanism
ii. Economic motivation
iii. Manager to supervise
iv. Worker to do what is told
c. Weaknesses
i. Money is not for all
ii. Human are not machine
d. Conclusion of experiment
i. Scientific measures
ii. Harmony between supervisor and employee
iii. Achieving cooperation is imperative for productivity
iv. Worker should work for maximum productivity (Piece rate)
v. Right man for the right job
4. Gant – task/ planning; human cooperation; Gant chart; PERT
5. Frank and Gilbreth – time and motion study
6. Max Weber
a. Hierarchy of authority
i. Traditional
ii. Charismatic
iii. Rational/legal
b. Impersonality
c. Written rules
d. Promotion on performance
e. Specialization
7. Henri Fayol “ Father of Modern Management”
a. Book “Industrial and General Management”
b. Fourteen Principal of General Management
i. Division of Work
ii. Unity of Command
iii. Unity of Direction
iv. Discipline
v. Authority
vi. Remuneration
vii. Team Work
viii. Line of Authority (Scalar Chain)
ix. Job security
x. Centralization
xi. Order
xii. Equity
xiii. Initiative – Keenness to work
xiv. Sub ordination of individual interests to the organizational
Features of Classic School
• Materialism – piece rate
• Efficiency and productivity
• Emphasis on Material and method rather than human being
• Administration is apolitical and technical
.