Thread: Glossary of Sociological Terms
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Old Saturday, November 12, 2005
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Default V, W & Z
V

VALUES. Culturally defined standards held by human individuals or groups about what is desirable, proper, beautiful, and good or bad that serve as broad guidelines for social life.

VARIABLE. A characteristic that varies in value or magnitude along which an object, individual or group may be categorized, such as income or age.

VERTICAL MOBILITY. Movement up or down a social stratification system .

VESTED INTEREST. An expectation of private gain that often underlies the expressed interest in a public issue.

VICTIMLESS CRIME. Violation of law in which there is no other person (aside from the offender) victimized, such as drug-taking or illegal gambling.

W

WELFARE. Government aid (in the form of services and money) to the poor.

WEALTH. Accumulated money and material possessions controlled by an individual, group or organization.

WEALTHFARE. Government aid to the upper and middle classes. Often times this aid is disguised in the form of tax breaks (a deduction for interest on home mortgages) or subsidized services (higher education).

WELFARE STATE. A government system which provides a range of human services for its citizens.

WHITE-COLLAR CRIME. Criminal activities carried out by white-collar or professional workers in the course of their jobs.

WORKING CLASS. A social class of industrial societies broadly composed of people involved in manual occupation. The bulk of these jobs are unskilled, poorly paid and provide few benefits or job security.

WORLD SYSTEM THEORY. Immanuel Wallerstein's theoretical approach which analyzes societies in terms of their position within global systems.

Z

ZERO POPULATION GROWTH (ZPG). Population stability achieved when each woman has no more than two children.

ZWECK-RATIONAL. Rational action in relation to a goal. From Max Weber used extensively in his theory of social action.
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