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Old Wednesday, November 21, 2012
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WHAT IS NARRATION?

1. A narrative tells a story by presenting events in an orderly, logical sequence.

2. Narration can be the dominant pattern in many types of writing – formal, such as history, biography, autobiography, and journalism, as well as less formal, such as personal letters and entries in diaries and journals.

3. Narration is also an essential part of casual conversation, and it underlies tall tales, speeches and news and feature stories presented on television or radio.

4. In short, any time one “tells what happened,” he is using narration.

5. A narrative may be written simply to recount events or to create a particular mood or impression.

6. It also is written to prove a point by narrating a first-hand or else wise experience.

7. Narration is not simply telling a story, it also requires arrangement of details about the particular incident or event you are going to talk about.

8. Narrative writing may be part of an essay that is not primarily a narrative for example one may use narrative in argumentative essay or descriptive essay.

9. In other kinds of essay, when narrative is included, these paragraphs, though only a small portion of the essay, still have a definite purpose and are used to prove one’s point.

10. In such cases, however, the elements of the basic kind of essay (argumentative, descriptive).

11. The skills developed in narrative writing are also helpful in other kinds of writing. A process essay is like a narrative in that it outlines series of steps in chronological order.

12. A cause-and-effect essay also resembles narrative in that it traces a sequence of events.

A. What Is Narrative Detail?

1. Narratives, like other types of writing, need rich, specific detail if they are to be convincing. Each detail should help form a picture for the reader; even exact times, dates and geographical locations can be helpful.

2. The list of details makes the narrative genuine and convincing.

B. What is Narrative Variety?

1. Because Narrative is often told from one person’s prospective, and because they usually present a series of events in chronological order, a constant danger is that all the sentences will begin to sound alike.

2. A narrative without sentence variety may affect readers to boredom.

3. This boredom can be avoided by varying the structures of the sentences e.g., by alternating sentence openings, inverting subject-verb order, or combining simple sentences.

C. What Is Narrative Order?

1. Many narrative present events in exactly the order in which they occurred, moving from beginning to end, from first event to last.

2. If one is writing a straight-forward account of a historical even, he needs to move efficiently from beginning to end.

3. In writing personal experience essays or fictional narratives, however, one may choose to engage reader’s attention and interest by beginning with a key event from the middle of the story or even from the end, and than presenting the events that led up to it.

4. Starting into present and using a flashback to move into past may also be used but whatever the order is, it should shape and direct the narrative.

5. Verb-Tense is an extremely important clue in writing that recounts events in a fixed order because tenses show the temporal relationships of actions – earlier, simultaneous, later.

6. When one writes a narrative, he must be especially careful to keep verb tense consistent and accurate so the readers can easily understand the time sequence.

7. There are times when you must shift tense to reflect an actual time shift in your narrative. For example, convention requires that one use present tense when discussing works of literature. But a flashback to an earlier point in the story calls from present to past tense.

8. Nevertheless it is imperative to avoid unnecessary shifts in verb tense because this will lead to confusion in narrative.

9. Together with Verb Tenses, Transitions – Connecting words or phrases – are the most precise indicators of the relationships among events in time.

10. Transitions include first, second, next, then, later, at the same time, meanwhile, immediately, soon, before, earlier, after, afterwards, now and finally.


STRUCTURING A NARRATIVE ESSAY

1. Like other essays, narratives usually have an introduction, a body and a conclusion.

2. The thesis of an essay appears to be in introduction.

3. After the thesis, the body of the essay will recount the series of events that makes up the narrative, following a clear and orderly plan.

4. The conclusion will give the reader the sense that the story is complete, perhaps by repeating the thesis.

A. Introduction

I. It may begin with a simple sentence or statement. This must show that the entire essay will be woven around this very idea.

II. The introduction may also be able to move the readers smoothly into the main body without any interruption.

III. Introduction is the beginning of the essay and is connected with the main body. To maintain the order of Narration, the transition from introduction to main body should be obvious but not unrelated.

B. Thesis

I. Usually the thesis appears in the introduction. The thesis is again presented in the conclusion to ensure that the thesis is proved. In the main body, the events directly or indirectly may relate to the main thesis presented.

C. Structure.

I. The body of an essay has to be well-structured both in order and variety. The balance of the essay should proceed in chronological order, working up to the climax or high point of the narration.

D. Detail

I. To present an actual picture of the events, all the significant details are to be supplied and presented.

II. Details should be limited to the context, no extra details be given lest it may confuse and divert the reader from the main idea.

E. Dialogue

I. The relationships between the characters of a narration can be shown via dialogues.

II. Dialogues are also important in presenting the first person view about the events.

III. Usage of indirect and direct speech in dialogues to create variety.

IV. Whenever a new character starts a dialogue, it should be convened by a new paragraph.

F. Sentence Variety

I. The sentences should be sufficiently varied to sustain reader’s interest.

II. In this respect, monotonous sequences of uneven sentences be avoided and sentence openings should be varied.

III. Usage of small sentence structures should be avoided. Instead of two or three small length sentences, one single sentence should be used.

G. Verb Tense

I. Maintaining clear chronological order in events is very important similarly unwanted shifts in tense can confuse the readers.

II. The author should be careful to avoid unnecessary shifts in tense.

III. The necessary shifts are a must so one must do so wherever this is required.

IV. Along with Verb tense, Transitions should also be used effectively as time markers.
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