Ans to q=2 is simple.

Electrons occupy orbitals after bond formation. Either ionic,covalent or polar covalent including dative,banana,pi to pi.(excluding metallic bond as electronic sea model explains it).

Before bonding they occupy atomic orbitals and after bond formation they occupy either hybrid orbitals(according to VBT) or molecular orbitals(according to MOT). Whatever approach u take electron remains in orbital where probability is maximum.