Passives

A Passive changes the emphasis of a sentence. Usually in a passive, the event or result is more important than the person who causes it to happen

For Instance : Why? Because the person born, the person known , and the person or thing left are the important parts of the sentences.




Problem 1 : Passives ~ word order

Remember that in a passive sentence the actor is unknown or not important. The subject is not the actor.

Passive sentences are also common iin certain styles of scientific writing

Quote:

Structure : S + Be + Participle

Quote:

Expression : State university is located at the corner of college and third

Examples :

Incorrect : My wedding ring made of yellow and white gold
Correct : My wedding ring is made of yellow and white gold
( It is the ring , not the person who made the ring , that is important )

Incorrect : References not used in the examination room.
Correct : References are not used in the examination room.
( It is references , not the persons using them , that is important )





Problem 2 : Passives ~ Agent

Remember that in a passive sentence , the actor is unknown or not important. The subject is not the actor

The actor in a passive sentence is called the agent

Quote:

Structure : Passive + by + person / machine

Avoid using for or from instead of by


Examples :

Incorrect : The decisions on cases like this are made from Administrator
Correct : The decisions on cases like this are made by Administrator

Incorrect : The car was inspected for customs
Correct : The car was inspected by customs






Problem 3 : Necessity for repair or improvement ~ NEED

Remember that NEED may express necessity for repair or improvement

Quote:

Structure : S + Need + -ing form

Avoid using an infinitive instead of an -ing form

Avoid using an -ing form iinstead of a participle


Examples :

Incorrect : His car needs to fix
Correct : His car needs fixing
or
His car needs to be fixed


Incorrect : The rugs needs cleaned before we move in
Correct : The rugs needs cleaning before we move in
Or
The rugs needs to be cleaned before we move in





Problem 4 : Believe and Knowledge ~ anticipatory it

Remember that an anticipatory it clause expresses belief or knowledge. Anticipatory means before. Some it clauses that go before main clauses are listed here.

It is believed
It is hypothesized
It is known
It is said
It is thought
It is true
It is written

Quote:

Structure : Anticipatory it + that + S + V

Quote:

Expression : It is believed that all mammals experience dreams

Avoid using an -ing form , a noun , or an infinitive instead of a subject and verb after an anticipatory it clause .


Examples :

Incorrect : It is generally known that she leaving at the end of the year
Correct : It is generally known that she is leaving at the end of the year

Incorrect : It is believed that a horse shoe bringing good luck
Correct : It is believed that a horse shoe brings good luck

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