Q2. Identify and evaluate the short term and long term impact of the Muslim's invasion on the subcontinent

- List of Invasions
- Arabs 8th Century
- Mahmood Ghaznavi 11th century Turk
- Muhammad Ghauri 12th century Turk
- Zaheer ud Din Babar 16th Century Mughal
- Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali lesser invasions
- Short Term Effects
- Political Instability
- Drain of Wealth
- Commercial, Industrial, Agricultural Instability
- The Rule of Muslims as well
- Long Term impacts:
- Religious: Islam, Reform Movements (Bhakti, Guru Nanak)
- Indian Nationalism: No concept of India before them
- Centralized Government: Delhi, Currency
- Impacts on Military of the region
- Urdu Language
- Introduction of age old knowledge of Indians to the world (Algebra, Chess Game, Concept of 0)
- Arts and Architecture: Taj Mahal, Lal Qilla, Lahore Fort
- Agricultural and Infrastructural Reforms: Road Linkages, Land Revenue Systems
- Miscellenous

Q3.
Narrate the steps taken by Ghiyas ud din balban for consolidating his rule.

-Theory of Kingship
-Reorganization of Army
-Suppression of Rebellions
-Mongol Policy
-Liquidation of The Forty

Q4. ' the reign of Firuz tughlaq closed the most brilliant Epoch of the Muslim Rule in India before the reign of Akbar" comment.

-Firuz Tughluq 37 years reign
-Agricultural Reforms
-Irrigation
-Imposition of Shariah and abolition of punishments
-Cities, Social Reforms, Slave System
-Reintroduction of Jagirs
-no military achievements
-Last great Sultan
-Provided peace and stability during turmoil

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Umar Abbas Babar
I Know I am Bad But When Bad is the Best, Bad is the Only Choice