Every Day Science Paper - 2004
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1b. Night Vision Technology
Night vision technologies can be broadly divided into three main categories:
Image intensification, Active Illumination and Thermal Imaging. Image intensification technologies work on the principle of magnifying the amount of received photons from various natural sources such as starlight or moonlight. While active illumination works to intensify the source of illumination in the near infrared (NIR) or shortwave infrared (SWIR) band. However, the most famous component of the technology is Thermal imaging that work by detecting the temperature difference between the background and the foreground objects.


4. What are fertilizers ? what do you understand by the term NPK fertilizer ? How do fertilization contribute to the pollution ?
Fertilizers are substances that aim to provide nutrition to the plants via soil in order to ensure their healthy growth. The term NPK denotes Nitrogen (N) which works on leaves, Phosphorus (P) that works on root and Potassium (K) work on flower and fruits. NPK are the most essential elements required in the growth of the plants and therefore the fertilizers specifically target these nutrients to balance the diet of the plants. Fertilizers are in fact salts of these three elements which react with water or plants soil somehow to release the elements that these plants require, however such chemical salts also comes in handy to promote pollution in form of chemical waste that these fertilizers discharge once they react and do their job. This chemical substance usually mixes with water and is often discharged in rivers that can affect the health of the drinker.

5. Write briefly about any five of the following

c. Dialysis
The literal meaning of Dialysis is Dissolution through Loosening and Splitting. It is a method used for cleaning blood from excess waste and water after renal failure as an artificial replacement for lost kidney. It is regarded as a "holding measure" until a renal transplant can be performed, or sometimes as the only supportive measure in those for whom a transplant would be inappropriate.

7. What are the various sources of energy? How does energy is produced in the surface of the sun ? what will be the future of the sun ?
Broadly speaking, the sources can be divided into 2 categories
a. Renewable: The source itself lives such as Hydro, Tidal, Wind, Geothermal and Solar.
b. Non Renewable: The source burns into energy such as Fossil Fuels, Wood, Nuclear Reactors.

On the surface of Sun, energy is produced by Nuclear Fusion, a process in which two light nuclei fuse together to release energy. In the case of Sun, a nuclei of Hydrogen’s isotope Deuterium and another nuclei of Tritium atoms fuse into one helium atom and energy.
1H2 + 1H3 ---------- 2He4 + 0n1 + Energy

Like any other star, the sun has an age. At the moment is a Yellow Dwarf Star, once it will convert to Red Giant, it is possible that the heat will be enormous to destroy the life on earth. Later on it will lose all its fuel i.e. hydrogen and it will eventually die like any other star.

8. Which are the following statements true and which are false?
b. Vanadium, a steel gray corrosion resistant metal occur naturally in oxide state: True (Vanadinite)
g. There are 9.5 x 10 to the power 15 meters in one light year: True
h. The velocity of a moving object is least where the pressure is greatest: True

10. fill in the blanks
b. the temperature of the dead human body on Celsius scale is ___ Room Temperature
g. Scattering of light ___ the duration of the day (decreases)
h. Muscle stiffness is caused by a disease called ___ (Tetanus)
i. Oil rises in a wick of oil lamp on account of a property of matter called Capillarity
j. Muslim scientist Ali al Tabari is famous for his work on ___ (Quranic Tafseer)

11. Give scientific reason of the following
5. the image of a tree looks inverted on the bank of a lake
It is due to the position of the river banks plane that that the light is reflected to upward direction.

12. why are the scientists worried about the increase of carbon dioxide gas in the atmposphere ? is there any possible benefit for the mankind in case of global warming ?
Only Points
a. Greenhouse effect
b. Global warming
c. Pollution
d. Endangered species

13. what do the following scientific abbreviations stand for ?
c. Positive-Negative-Positive (There is no such thing is Proton-Neutron-Proton)

15. Choose the best choice in the following statements

3. ammonium nitrate is not used for :
a. Rice crop b. wheat crop c. sugarcane crop d. cotton crop
Cotton

4. Sea divers use a mixture of gases for breathing during diving. The mixture is :
a. 80% He & 20%O2 b. 80% N2 & 20 O2 c. 20%O2 & 40% N2 40% CO2 d. 50% He & 50% O2
A

7. the solution of which acid is used for seasoning of food :
a. formic acid b. acetic acid c. benzoic acid d. botanic acid
B (Pickles are made out of it, its very common)

Blood sugar level is raised by the following (Epinephrine, Carbohydrate and Cholesterol) except what? Its Insulin. So it is the answer.