Ad litem
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Ad litem is a term used in law to refer to the appointment by a
court of one party to act in a lawsuit on behalf of another party, for
instance, a child or an incapacitated adult—who is deemed
incapable of representing him or herself.

An individual who acts in this capacity is generally called a
guardian ad litem;

The term is also sometimes used to refer to a judge who
participates in only a particular case or a limited set of cases and
does not have the same status as the other judges of the court.
This is more commonly called a judge ad hoc . It is particularly
common in international courts , and is rarer elsewhere.