>>5-Deductive-argument gives logical support to its conclusion
 Arguments based upon laws, rules, or other widely accepted principles are best expressed deductively.
 The conclusion of deductive method is certain.
 Deductive reasoning starts mostly in JST schools in Mathematics & reasoning unlike PST.

Deductive reasoning/logic/deduction informally “top down” logic, is the process of reasoning from one or more statements (premisises) to reach a logically certain conclusion.
Example:
All men are mortal (that cant live forever)
Ali is a man
Therefore, Ali is mortal

Law of detachment (state not being indulged in emotions)
PQ (conditional statement)
P (hypothesis stated)
Q (conclusion deducted)


Law of Syllogism (a way of arguing in which two statements are used to prove that a third statement is true, for example: ‘All humans must die; I am a human; therefore I must die.’) A=B, B=A (result)
PQ
QR
Therefore, PR
Example: if Ali is sick, then he will absent
If Ali is absent, then he will miss his classwork
Therefore, if Ali is sick, he will miss the class.

Thus, it is a transitive property in mathematics, that can further be explained as under:
A=B
B=C
Therefore, A=C

Law of Contrapositive (factual seen results)
PQ
~Q
Therefore, we can conclude ~P
Example:
If it is raining, then there are clouds in the sky.
There are no clouds in the sky.
Thus, it is not raining.

Mixture of Inductive+Deductinve=Validity & soundness in the deductive method
Mixing of inductive & deductive methods, in some cases, we have validity of circumstances and in others soundness