All Subjects practice
 

Essay: Terrorism & Extremism (outline)

1. Defination

Causes
a. Intolerance
b. lack of interfaith hormony
c. illeteracy
d. conservative attitude

Effects.
a. loss of life and property
b. insecurity
c. disinvestment
d. sectarian clashes

Remedies
a. promote interfaith harmony
b. speedy judicial justice
b. legislation
c. mobilization
d. education reform

Paragraph on Extremism & Terrorism.
 

Definition: Terrorism is heinous act, which arise from extreme thinking, that drives a person to express, hatred in cruel way.

Causes: It has been observed that most of the countries , regions facing this problem are backward and peoples dwelling there are less educated, hence they easily fall in insecure hands of those who wash their brain and use them for their ultimate objective.
Most of the terror victim countries are Muslim; there are various sects in religion. Religious scholars of every sect misinterpret religion to attract peoples toward their sect. There is lack of interfaith harmony among those religious leaders which mislead peoples to do such heinous acts in attempt to impose their opinion.
Another factor that promote feelings of intolerance is delayed justice system, peoples are not provided speedy justice, hence they take law in their hands.

Effects: Thousands of people have lost their lives due terror, all religions teach to respect each others faiths instead peoples are killed on grounds of deference of opinion.
Terrorism causes economic downturn; investors hesitate to invest in such insecure regions where their properties seem to be on high risk. Sense of insecurity keeps peoples restricted to their homes they don’t participate in economic activity freely.

Remedies: legislative and policy level measures need to be taken by state to promote environment of interfaith harmony and tolerance.
The most important is to elevate poverty which gives birth to the most devil acts, after peoples should be educated enough as they can defferciate between wrong and right on their own.
Judicial system needs also to be reformed and restructured to speed up the process of deliverance of justice, it is said justice is delayed justice is denied.
In brief, state must take policy level measure to promote environment of tolerance and interfaith harmony to get rid of this unending problem.

CE-2016 are requested to post their hand written practice material concerning compulsory and their optional subjects, so we can assess our preparation level on regular basis.

Precis
 

Precising tactics.

1. Substitue group of words with single common word.
2. Use one word substitution inplace of sentence, i, e imposibe, invinsible,
3. Cut/delete all irrevant ot the main idea of the topic
4. use direct speech in place of indirect and simple present tense in place of simple past.
5. delete personal opanion of author/ writer.

Islamiat
 

The concept of Islam.
Islam is an Arabic word taken from “salm” which means surrender or bow down before the directions of Allan Almighty. Islam is religion of peace, Allah sent many prophets to the people who preached the religion and sent the massage of Allah, the last of prophets is Holy prophet Muhammad peace be upon him. Allah revealed holy Quran upon him and give him task to send massage and directions to the peoples.
The life of Prophet is the model for mankind, there is complete path/way of life in Quran, it is guidance for muslims. Followings are the basic concepts of Islam.

1. Beliefs: our actins describe our belief or thinking, being a muslim it is obligatory for us to have firm belief in oneness of Allah and finality of Prophet Muhammad P.B.U.H. Islam is base of following beliefs.

a) Tauheed & Risalat (Oneness of Allah and Finality of Prophet Muhammad P.B.U.H)
b) Faith of angels
c) Holy books
d) Prophets
e) Life after death
f) Day of judgement.
g) Destiny.

1. Actions: on the bases of beliefs we are obligated to perform certain actions directed by Allah in Holy Quran. These Obligations are called Pillars of Islam, the building of islam is based on these pillars, These are.

a) Salat (Namaz)
b) Saum (Roza)
c) Zakat
d) Hajj.

Sindhi
 

Sindhi boli jo buniyad

Sindhi boli kji kadamat jon parron mohan ji darre ji tahzeeb san millan thiyon. Kujh munisifan ji rae maujib sindhi boli hik khudmukhtiar boli ahe jeka sinsikiit khan be kafi puran ahe. Sindhi boli je rasamulkhat me maujud khuj akhar ahra ahin jeke kahn be boli me natha milan tahkare sindhi boli kha hik khudmukhtiar boli chae saghje tho. Maujuda sindhi je alphabet Angreezan ware daur 1852 dauran jorri wae. Sindhi boli me Arabi rasamulkhat jo akhar milan tha jeko sindh te araban je kah khan poe sindh boli te piyo.
Soomran je daur man miliyal shaeri and lok kahanin man sindhi boli je kadamat jo andazo lagae saghje tho.
Dr. bhero mal maharchand je likhyal kitab “Sindhi Boli ji tarekh” me likhyal ahe ta sindhi boli sinsikrit ji jae ahe. Dr. Nabi bux baloch pahinje kitab “sindhi boli ji mukhtasir tarekh” me likhyo ahe ta sindhi boli sinsikrit khan qadeem ahe jahin jo bunyad Indus river je tahzeeb san mile tho, pahije kitab me wadhek tafseel san bayan farmaende hin chayo ahe ta sindhi boli jon sifatoon sami boleen (uberani, habshi, siryani, aen arabi) san mushahibat rakhan thiyon. Dr. sirajulhaq memon pahinje kitab me likhe tho ta sinsikrit boli sindhi boli man miktal ahe. Dr. ghulam ali Alana pahinje kitab “Sindhi boli jo bun buniyad” me likhe tho ta sindhi boli darawrri sifat rakhandar ahe jeka ariyan je sindh me achan khan pahryan galhae wendi hue.

Sidhi sufi buzrigan Shah abdul latif and sachal sar masit ji shaeri sindhi boli me ahim wajood rakhe thi. Jadeed sahafat print aean electronic media je achan khan poe sindhi boli kafi taraki kae ahe.

Current Affairs
 

Capitals of Countries

A
Afghanistan Kabul
Albania Tirana
Algeria Algiers
Andorra Andorra la Vella
Angola Luanda
Antigua and Barbuda Saint John's
Argentina Buenos Aires
Armenia Yerevan
Australia Canberra
Austria Vienna
Azerbaijan Baku

B
Bahamas Nassau
Bahrain Manama
Bangladesh Dhaka
Barbados Bridgetown
Belarus Minsk
Belgium Brussels
Belize Belmopan
Benin Porto-Novo
Bhutan Thimphu
Bolivia La Paz (administrative); Sucre (judicial)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo
Botswana Gaborone
Brazil Brasilia
Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan
Bulgaria Sofia
Burkina Faso Ouagadougou
Burundi Bujumbura


C
Cabo Verde Praia
Cambodia Phnom Penh
Cameroon Yaoundé
Canada Ottawa
Central African Republic Bangui
Chad N'Djamena
Chile Santiago
China Beijing
Colombia Bogotá
Comoros Moroni
Congo, Republic of the Brazzaville
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Kinshasa
Costa Rica San Jose
Cote d'Ivoire Yamoussoukro
Croatia Zagreb
Cuba Havana
Cyprus Nicosia
Czech Republic Prague
D
Denmark Copenhagen
Djibouti Djibouti (city)
Dominica Roseau
Dominican Republic Santo Domingo
E
Ecuador Quito
Egypt Cairo
El Salvador San Salvador
Equatorial Guinea Malabo
Eritrea Asmara
Estonia Tallinn
Ethiopia Addis Ababa
F
Fiji Suva
Finland Helsinki
France Paris
G
Gabon Libreville
Gambia Banjul
Georgia Tbilisi
Germany Berlin
Ghana Accra
Greece Athens
Grenada St. George's
Guatemala Guatemala City
Guinea Conakry
Guinea-Bissau Bissau
Guyana Georgetown
H
Haiti Port-au-Prince
Honduras Tegucigalpa
Hungary Budapest
I
Iceland Reykjavik
India New Delhi
Indonesia Jakarta
Iran Tehran
Iraq Baghdad
Ireland Dublin
Israel Jerusalem
Italy Rome
J
Jamaica Kingston
Japan Tokyo
Jordan Amman
K
Kazakhstan Astana
Kenya Nairobi
Kiribati South Tarawa
Kosovo Pristina
Kuwait Kuwait City
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek
L
Laos Vientiane
Latvia Riga
Lebanon Beirut
Lesotho Maseru
Liberia Monrovia
Libya Tripoli
Liechtenstein Vaduz
Lithuania Vilnius
Luxembourg Luxembourg



M
Macedonia Skopje
Madagascar Antananarivo
Malawi Lilongwe
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur
Maldives Male
Mali Bamako
Malta Valletta
Marshall Islands Majuro
Mauritania Nouakchott
Mauritius Port Louis
Mexico Mexico City
Micronesia Palikir
Moldova Chisinau
Monaco Monaco
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar
Montenegro Podgorica
Morocco Rabat
Mozambique Maputo
Myanmar (Burma) Naypyidaw
N
Namibia Windhoek
Nauru Yaren District
Nepal Kathmandu
Netherlands Amsterdam
New Zealand Wellington
Nicaragua Managua
Niger Niamey
Nigeria Abuja
North Korea Pyongyang
Norway Oslo
O
Oman Muscat
P
Pakistan Islamabad
Palau Ngerulmud
Palestine Ramallah
Panama Panama City
Papua New Guinea Port Moresby
Paraguay Asunción
Peru Lima
Philippines Manila
Poland Warsaw
Portugal Lisbon
Q
Qatar Doha
R
Romania Bucharest
Russia Moscow
Rwanda Kigali
S
Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre
Saint Lucia Castries
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Kingstown
Samoa Apia
San Marino San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe São Tomé
Saudi Arabia Riyadh
Senegal Dakar
Serbia Belgrade
Seychelles Victoria
Sierra Leone Freetown
Singapore Singapore
Slovakia Bratislava
Slovenia Ljubljana
Solomon Islands Honiara
Somalia Mogadishu
South Africa Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative); Bloemfontein (judicial)
South Korea Seoul
South Sudan Juba
Spain Madrid
Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Sudan Khartoum
Suriname Paramaribo
Swaziland Mbabane
Sweden Stockholm
Switzerland Bern
Syria Damascus
T
Taiwan Taipei
Tajikistan Dushanbe
Tanzania Dodoma
Thailand Bangkok
Timor-Leste Dili
Togo Lomé
Tonga Nukuʻalofa
Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain
Tunisia Tunis
Turkey Ankara
Turkmenistan Ashgabat
Tuvalu Funafuti
U
Uganda Kampala
Ukraine Kyiv
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi
United Kingdom London
United States of America Washington, D.C.
Uruguay Montevideo
Uzbekistan Tashkent
V
Vanuatu Port Vila
Vatican City (Holy See) Vatican City
Venezuela Caracas
Vietnam Hanoi
Y
Yemen Sana'a
Z
Zambia Lusaka
Zimbabwe Harare

Precis
 

Precising Tactics

1. Read passage repeatedly until you get main idea
2. Mark/high-lite important topics relevant to the theme of the topic
3. Cut/delete unimportant illustrations, examples and quotations
4. Arrange all important topics in systematic and logical order
5. Use on-word substitution where necessary (inevitable, illegible, irreversible, impossible)
6. write precis in own words, don't copy words from given passage
7. Use indirect narration.
8. use past tense except describing universal facts.
9. conjunction may be replaced with semicolon.
10. One third length should be maintained
11. Give tittle even if it is not asked
12. Language and style should be simple and clear.

Pakistan Affairs
 

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan:

Syed Ahmed khan was born in 1817 at Dehli. In 1842, Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar–II conferred upon Sir Syed the title of Javad-ud Daulah, conferred upon Sir Syed's grandfather Syed Hadi by Emperor Shah Alam II around the middle of the 18th century.
His services in education field are unforgettable he established Mohammedan Anglo Oriental Collage at Aligarh in 1875. He raised voice for the rights of Muslims of India with his writings in Aligarh Gazette. He emphasized more on acquiring western education, according to him it was the only way to progress and Muslims could prosper and get freedom from Hindu domination, that time Muslims prohibited their sons to receive English education, they though it was against their belief and British play this trick to convert Muslims to Christianity, Syed Ahmed dispelled all these arguments and worked more and more to attract Muslims student to acquire modern western education.
Syed Ahmed also formed All India Muhammadan Conferencea platform for Indian Muslims students to create awareness about education.
Syed ahmed remained loyal with British officers and tried hard to convince them that Muslims alone were not responsible for 1857 mutiny, after war of independence mulsims suffered more troubles and were targeted by british.
Syed ahmed died on 27 March 1898 (aged 80) at Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, British Indian Empire.

essay
 

Analysis on Essay past papers 2008-2015

1. 28 topics are implicit/vague/idiomatic, 6 topics in 2015 essay papers only.
2. Status of women/Gender equity (06 times).
3. Freedom of speech/Media (05 times).
4. United Nations (03 times).
5. War on terror/Violence (03 times).
6. Religion/Islam (02 times).
7. Democracy (02 times)
8. Scientific Age
9. Appreciation
10. Obesity.
11. Energy Crisis
12. Truth
13. Communication Skills
14. Disaster Management
15. Independent states
16. literature
17. Third gender
18. Accountability
19. Health
20. Time Management
21. Global Warming
22. Discipline
23. Poetry
24. Digital Technologies
25. Country life and city life
26. Economy and politics