Dear fellows
its nice to see active response of all the members any any topic
but it would be of much importance if u share books notes and other materials with each other.
if anybody have good, complete notes on Geography B papers notes ( with latest facts & figures) than plz do tell us,
it would be help full for all the memebers and it could become a cause of ur SUCCESS
bcoz ALTRUISM is the GOD's favourite Virtue..
So plz actively participate to pacify others problems
WITh regads

well sir, i dont know much about geography B notes but human geography by deblij covers most of the subject along with a couple of other books............anyways , i found something about environmental determinism on the net , so here it is.............


Environmental Determinism:


Environmental determinism, also known as climatic determinism, environmentalism, or the geographic factor, is the view that the physical environment, rather than social conditions, determines culture. Those who believe this view say that humans are strictly defined by stimulus-response (environment-behavior) and cannot deviate.
Key proponents of this notion have included; Carl Ritter, Ellen Churchill Semple, Ellsworth Huntington, and Thomas Griffith Taylor. Jared Diamond's work is often characterized as a revival of environmental determinism.
Environmental determinism's origins go back to antiquity, when the Greek geographer Strabo wrote that climate influences the psychological disposition of different races. Similar ideas continued to be propounded up into the modern era.
Environmental determinism rose to prominence in the late 1800s and early 1900s when it was taken up as a central theory by the discipline of geography (and to a lesser extent, anthropology). Clark University professor Ellen Churchill Semple is credited with introducing the theory to the United States after studying with human geographer Friedrich Ratzel in Germany. The prominence of determinism was influenced by the high profile of evolutionary biology, although it tended more to resemble the now-discredited Lamarckism rather than Darwinism.
The fundamental argument of the environmental determinists was that aspects of physical geography, particularly that of climate, influenced the psychological mind-set of individuals, which in turn defined the behaviour and culture of the society that those individuals formed. For example, tropical climates were said to cause laziness, relaxed attitudes and promiscuity, while the frequent variability in the weather of the middle latitudes led to more determined and driven work ethics. Because these environmental influences operate slowly on human biology, it was important to trace the migrations of groups to see what environmental conditions they had evolved under.
Between 1920 and 1940, environmental determinism came under repeated attacks as its claims were found to be severely faulted at best, and often dangerously wrong. Geographers reacted to this by first developing the softer notion of "environmental possibilism," and later by abandoning the search for theory and causal explanation for many decades. Later critics charged that determinism served to justify racism and imperialism. The experience of environmental determinism has left a scar on geography, with many geographers reacting negatively to any suggestion of environmental influences on human society.
While this accurately reflects the popular belief and perception in the geographic community towards environmental determinism, the debate was overlaid with hues of gray. Rostlund pointed out in his essay in Readings in Cultural Geography "Environmentalism was not disproved, only dissaproved." He also points to the fact that the dissaproval was not based on inaccurate findings, but rather a methodological process which stands in contrast to that of science, something the geographers have arguably sought to ascribe themselves to. Carol O. Sauer followed on from this in 1924 when he criticized the premature generalizations resulting from the bias of environmentalism... He pointed out that to define geography as the study of environmental influences is to assume in advance that such influences do operate, and that a science cannot be based upon or committed to a preconception."
A variant of environmental determinism was popular among Marxists. To Marx's basic model of the ideological and cultural superstructure being determined by the economic base, they added the idea that the economic base is determined by environmental conditions. For example, Russian geographer Georgi Plekhanov argued that the reason his nation was still in the feudal era, rather than having progressed to capitalism and becoming ripe for the revolution into communism, was that the wide plains of Russia allowed class conflicts to be easily diffused. This Marxist environmental determinism was repudiated around the same time as classic environmental determinism.

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The only verdict is vengeance; a vendetta,
held as a votive, not in vain, for the value
and veracity of such shall one day vindicate
the vigilant and the virtuous.
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well how would u handle these questions?
Q:suggest ways:
in which man effects environment.
in which environment effects man.

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our struggles will not end but ,certainly,life.

@ Nasirbiochemist:

Salam.

For Geography Paper II, I'm consulting the following books:

1) Human Geography For Students of Degree & Other Classes by Prof. Mian Muhammad Anwar (White Rose Publishers)
2) Economic and Commercial Geography (World) by Prof. Mian Muhammad Anwar (White Rose Publishers)
3) Geography of South Asia For Students of Degree & Other Classes by Prof. Mian Muhammad Anwar (White Rose Publishers)
4) Geography: Top 20 Questions and Solved MCQs for CSS by Muhammad Jahangir Sanpaal (JBD Press)

I also have this other book, Human and Cultural Geography: A Global Perspective by Fred M. Shelley & Audrey E. Clarke. I have not consulted this book. I think it is not that relevant and is also a very lengthy book.

In fact, last time I only consulted the first book I've mentioned for Paper II. This time I am looking here and there for other relevant books because the books I have mentioned do not have much content. I will try Deblij as Wounded Healer has recommended.

If you come across any books/notes regarding Geography, please do let us know.
You may also want to read two posts by Desert Fox recently, regarding Geography.

Regards
Hassan.

@ Nasir biochemist...........
to answer ur question about environment affecting man, it will be easier if i tell u how aristotle described it......................Aristotle described the peoples of cold, distant europe as being "full of spirit ........but incapable of ruling others"..........and those of Asia as "intelligent and inventive......but always in a state of subjection and slavery".
It is very easy to view people of cold climates as "hardy, but not very intelligent", those of the warm tropics as "lazy and passive" and those in the intermediate zones as "productive and progressive?"
"Ellsworth Huntington", a twentieth century geographer, stated thid idea in 1940: "The well known contrast between the energetic people of the most progressive parts of the temperate zones and the inert inhabitants of the tropics and even of the intermediate regions, such as persia , is largely due to climate.............the people of the cyclonic regions rank so far above those of the other parts of the world that they are the natural leaders".
This view is called "environmenta determinism".it holds that human behaviour , individually and collectively, is strongly affected by ,and even controlled by the environment.it suggests that climate is the critical factor for progress and productiveness in culture, politics and technology, the "ideal" climate would be that of western europe or the northeastern united states.where as if we see th eskimos and the tribes of africa , they are so much dependant on their environment that they cannot do anything else other that survive.

to answer ur question about man effecting environment, well everyone agrees that human activity is affected by the natural environment, but people are decission makers and modifiers, not the slaves of environment forces, and the decission people make about there environment are influenced by culture.this approach i called "possiblism".natural environment merely serves to limit the range of choices available to a culture.
one obvious conclusion is that the influence of natural environment declines with the increasing technological sophistication. those of us who spend the majority of our time in artificially heated and air conditioned environments are much less dependant on the natural environment than people who live more traditional , generally rural lives. in this way, we can say that the humans have the capacity to modify, indeed to transform, their natural environments.

i hope i have answered ur questions...........to ur satisfaction that is..............one other thing, can anyone tell me where i can find "maps and diagrams" by "f.j monkhouse" for geography A...........i have searched for it in peshawar and islamabad but its not available anywhere..........
thanx

__________________
*********************************
The only verdict is vengeance; a vendetta,
held as a votive, not in vain, for the value
and veracity of such shall one day vindicate
the vigilant and the virtuous.
*********************************

well maps and diagram by monkjee is not a task that can easily be achieved.i searched it every where. well u can take help in this regard from encarta encyclopedia latest edition .this wopuld give u a bit knowhow

task 2..solve this question,
geographers have to rethink their approach to regional studies in light of increasing environmental stress from local to international leve.assess this statement.

well to me
environment effecting man :
mountains,plain,ocean,plateaues,climate affecting health,food,dress and other activity
for the ways in which man effect enivronment are:
pollution
desertification
deforestation
acid rain
?????? need help to solve this problem ,please check the question i posted above and then analyze the answer.
awaiting help

commercial geography by fazle karim khan is best option for geography 2

__________________
our struggles will not end but ,certainly,life.

can anyone plz tell me "what is the best map projection for pakistan?"

__________________
*********************************
The only verdict is vengeance; a vendetta,
held as a votive, not in vain, for the value
and veracity of such shall one day vindicate
the vigilant and the virtuous.
*********************************

hello plz can anybudy help me in preparing Regional Geography .... any material or notes in light of past papers of css .......... waiting

i have prepared the first three parts of Geo1. i m not preparing maps part.
just tell me if my approach is correct?
may Allah keep you in his protection!!!!

Hello Frnds....for The Geography Use The Books By D Blij....and Strohler....
They Are Helpful....and If Anyone Kan Get The Notes Plz Pass It On To Everyone.....
Tc