Pls provide me material for CA - 2009.

[Noor_2009]

plzzzzzzzzzzzzzz.....

provide me material ...current affairs 2009:::::::::::::::

US financial crisis- its implications for the world and Pakistan??????

Palestinian Struggle against Israeli occupation. Future of peace process???????


Role of Pakistan and extremism, causes, effects and solutions. Army operation in FATA and US attacks, question of Sovereignty.????/
????????

Geo-Strategic Importance of Pakistan-Context of Persian Gulf, Chinese involvement and Gwadar project??????


Economic and Political emergence of China and emerging cold war with US.?????


10. US-India nuclear deal and its implication for Pakistan????


Pak-India relationship after Bombay attacks. Diplomatic and military strategic of Pakistan???????????



plz provied me their answers..................... i hv no time to search them so plz.....................

[Mumtaz Hayat Maneka]

I wish it was so easy

To be honest most of us here do not have much time to collect and post such material. This is an interactive forum, where people like "us" can get some tips from experienced fellows around here. It is quite impoosible for most to come upto expectations like this. And then we start saying that people here are not supportive and do not care to reply. Even if they want too, it is difficult. Believe me.

[INNOVATIVE]

do visit this link "issi.org.pk" ,hope it will help u alot .here u will find journal that has a great variety of materrial regarding current affairs and also for essay

regards

[Ahmed_2007_Cool]

Noor, the best way to go about things is by reading the newspaper everyday and following the news everyday (at least once a day) on television (BBC News, preferably).

If you want some background on the Arab-Israeli conflict, the financial crisis, etc, your best source is Wikipedia.

[happy ending]

i have some info on topic "

Economy and Industry of china / emregence of China as Global power

" . i hope this material helps .

1. Economy of the People's Republic of China

• China has the second-largest economy in the world with a GDP of over $6.9 trillion when measured on purchasing power parity (PPP) basis.
• It is the third largest in the world after the United States and Japan with a nominal GDP of US$3.42 trillion when measured in exchange-rate terms.
• Since free market reforms in 1978 China's GDP has grown an average 9.9 percent a year. China's per capita income has grown at an average annual rate of more than 8% over the last three decades, drastically reducing poverty, but this rapid growth has been accompanied by rising income inequalities.
• The country's per capita income is classified as in the lower middle category by world standards, at about $2,000 (nominal, 107th of 179 countries/economies), and $7,800 (PPP, 82nd of 179 countries/economies) in 2006, according to the International Monetary Fund.
• The growth of the Chinese economy has been one of the most significant developments for the global economy. The implications of Chinese growth, combined with a population of 1.4billion, have far reaching implications.
• Firstly, the Chinese economy has a growing an insatiable appetite for imported raw materials. China is taking up to 33% of the increase in demand for oil. Chinese manufacturing industries are increasing demand for raw materials causing rising prices and potential cost push inflation, if the growth rate increases.
• The Chinese current account surplus remains stubbornly high, despite recent devaluations of the dollar, the Chinese current account deficit is over 10% of GDP or $250bn. With all the foreign currency the Chinese are wielding increasing economic and political influence. For example, recent comments by low ranking Chinese officials about the need to 'diversify from weak currency's ' led to further falls for the US dollar.
• If the Chinese were to sell their dollar assets it would cause serious economic problems for the US economy, (to say the least)

Potential Problems for Chinese Economy

Despite the continued double digit growth of the Chinese economy there remain many potentials problems for 2008 and beyond

1. Inflationary pressures. Inflation is rising close to 5%, this could potentially lead to a boom and bust economic cycle.
2. Growing inequality between north and south
3. Shortage of raw materials could push up prices and costs
4. Slowdown in US economy - the main trading partner.
5. Continued unemployment due to privatization of inefficient state owned industries.
6. Disguised unemployment amongst the poor farmers, especially in the north

Eleventh Five-Year Guideline, 2006-2010
According to draft guidelines submitted to 2006 National People's Congress session:
Economic growth:
• GDP up 7.5 percent annually from 18.2 trillion yuan in 2005 to 26.1 trillion yuan in 2010;
• Per capita GDP up 6.6 percent annually from 13,985 yuan in 2005 to 19,270 yuan in 2010.

Economic structure:

• Share of service industry's value added to GDP up from 40.3 percent in 2005 to 43.3 percent in 2010;
• Share of employment in service industry up from 31.3 percent to 35.3 percent in 2010;
• Share of research and development (R&D) spending out of total GDP up from 1.3 percent in 2005 to 2 percent in 2010;
• Urbanization rate up from 43 percent in 2005 to 47 percent in 2010.

Population, resources, environment:
• Population up from 1.30756 billion in 2005 to 1.36000 billion in 2010;
• Energy consumption per unit of GDP down 20 percent in five years;
• Water consumption per unit of industrial added value down 30 percent in five years;
• Coefficient of effective use of water for irrigation up from 0.45 percent in 2005 to 0.5 percent in 2010;
• Rate of comprehensive use of solid industrial waste up from 55.8 percent in 2005 to 60 percent in 2010;
• Total acreage of cultivated land down from 122 million hectares in 2005 to 120 million in 2010;
• Total discharge of major pollutants down 10 percent in five years;
• Forest coverage up from 18.2 percent in 2005 to 20 percent in 2010.

Public service, people's life:

• Term of education per capita up from 8.5 years in 2005 to nine years in 2010;
• Coverage of urban basic old-age pension up from 174 million people in 2005 to 223 million people in 2010;
• Coverage of the new rural cooperative medical care system up from 23.5 percent in 2005 to over 80 percent in 2010;
• New jobs created for urban residents reaching 45 million in five years;
• Number of rural laborers transferred to non-agriculture sectors reaching 45 million in five years;
• Urban registered unemployment rate up from 4.2 percent in 2005 to 5 percent in 2010;
• Per capita disposable income of urban residents up 5 percent annually in five years, from 10,493 yuan in 2005 to 13,390 yuan in 2010;
• Per capita net income of rural residents up 5 percent annually in five years, from 3,255 yuan in 2005 to 4,150 yuan in 2010.

2. Industry of China

Industry produced 53.1 percent of China’s GDP. Industry (including
• mining,
• manufacturing,
• construction,
• And power
• All these four industries contributed 52.9 percent of GDP and occupied 22.5 percent of the workforce.
• The manufacturing sector produced 44.1 percent of GDP and accounted for 11.3 percent of total employment.
• China is the world’s leading manufacturer of chemical fertilizers, cement, and steel. Prior to 1978, most output was produced by state-owned enterprises.
• As a result of the economic reforms that followed, there was a significant increase in production by enterprises sponsored by local governments, especially townships and villages, and, increasingly, by private entrepreneurs and foreign investors.
• By 2002 the share in gross industrial output by state-owned and state-holding industries had decreased to 41 percent, and the state-owned companies themselves contributed only 16 percent of China’s industrial output.
As part of US$586 billion economic stimulus package of November 2008, the government plans to further subsidize in particular high-tech and service sector industries.

Nuclear Industry
• “China was the world’s third largest consumer of petroleum products in 2002, following the United States and Japan.”
• “Historically, natural gas has not been a major fuel in China, but…China has embarked on a major expansion of its gas infrastructure.”
• “Coal makes up the bulk, 64 percent of China’s primary energy consumption, and China is the largest consumer and producer of coal in the world.”
• “The largest project under construction, by far, is the Three Gorges Dam, which, when fully completed in 2009, will include 26 separate 700-MW generators, for a total of 18.2 GW.”

• “The Chinese government is in the early stages of formulating a fundamental long-term restructuring of its electric power sector…”
Compared with nuclear power, any of these trends might be regarded as of equal or greater importance. As China struggles to diversify its energy industry, the economic and political impacts will be felt throughout Asia and the rest of the world.

With more than a dozen countries involved to some extent in developing China’s nuclear industry, the impacts are already being felt. Nowhere else in the world can one observe a comparable variety of commercial nuclear technologies:
• China has Canadian (or CANDU) reactors.
• China has French reactors.
• China will soon have Russian reactors.
• And, China has Chinese reactors.

[happy ending]

Why has China emerged as a global power to be reckoned with? Why is Pakistan’s future growth linked to China intrinsically?

Today China is averaging 9.6% GDP and 13% of the global income is from China. It is the world’s fourth largest economy. It has had the largest poverty eradication program in history (402 million people out of poverty in 27 years). It has a demographic dividend and a current account surplus which is the West’s envy. Its military expenditure in 2002 was $48 billion whilst that of 6 ASEAN states combined was $19billion. These are only a few of the power indicators.

It is widely acknowledged that unlike other Western powers, China has risen peacefully due to its unique history, identity and regional relationships. Its rise is based on some basic principles: sovereign equality, sustained economic development, border dispute resolution, peaceful co-existence, and multilateral cooperation. What has worked for China is the fact that it has pursued partnerships and not leaderships, friendships not confrontation. Preserving regime security through economic growth has been the main priority for the Communist Party. Use of age old philosophies such as Confucius Menicus (absolute flexibility), Sun Zi (Art of War), Ren (benevolence) and using persuasion rather than coercion has helped China create leadership status.

China has in effect not been encircled or balanced as many in the West would have preferred. It has created confidence in its region through a unique great power mentality (daguo xintai). Asian states or the Bamboo network don’t feel threatened by China; they have preferred economic integration through multilateral forum, increased military cooperation with China, embraced their common values and identity with China and worked on their territorial disputes diligently.

For sustained rise to global greatness a few of the strategies China will have to pursue are as follows: China will have to bring its per capita income to par with developed states, continue reaping demographic dividends, continue pursuing blue water navy dream subtly for energy conquests, manage its domestic democracy issues, continue aiming for Shkolenko ascent strategy in space, continue spending billions on modern combat aircrafts, and continue investing regionally. Its benign posturing will help it rise peacefully.

Whilst China grows exponentially, Pakistan must with singular focus piggy back on to this growth. Pakistan’s relations with China have always boasted of K2 heights and Arabian sea depth. Going forward it is expected that the current government will wake up from slumber, post an ambassador (six months late), manage security, economic, and defense relations in such a way that the achievements of President Musharraf and PML are advanced and not retarded.

On the security front an immediate resolution of Chinese national’s kidnappings, providing extra security to all Chinese in Pakistan and treating them as very special guests is time critical. Support on Tibet, condemnation of any Uyghur hideouts in FATA needs to be continued not shied away from.

On the economic and infrastructure project front government should take forward the projects and create more opportunities with Chinese investors. Government must concentrate on export diversification, value added investments from China especially in manufacturing sector whether horticulture, fisheries, leather or textile based. It must implement a fast track mechanism for Chinese projects to get government approvals. It must continue the railroad project planned along KKH, keep encouraging companies like China mobile, expand the Haer Ruba special economic zone set up previously. It must execute past negotiated nuclear plants in Chashma and Karachi, execute power plant in Chichokimalian. It must execute smoothly the Neelum Jhelum project, the Thar coal Chinese investment, the Saindak Copper mines project, the Bhasha Diamir potential Chinese assistance, the Gawadar port transformation into energy hub and much more. Past government’s successful projects cannot be rolled back due to US diktat as has been seen on certain rail projects, Thar coal project and others. The FDI which increased from mere $485m in 2001 to $3.9b in 2007 must be further increased not decreased. This is only possible when conceptually there is a China centric approach in our government’s new vision; this is yet to be seen visibly.

Pak-China defense relations must also be expanded. The earlier PML and President Musharraf accomplishments on JF thunder, Karokaram 8 trainer fighter, joint frigate program, J 10 fighters, F-22s, Zarar upgradation, joint military exercises, missile program cooperation, increased military personnel visits, AWAcs evaluation, intelligence sharing must steam ahead not be rolled back due to US pressure. It is noteworthy that whilst government has been slow to advance on these goals the Chinese have supported us on our position on the Nuclear Supllier’s group issue.

China’s progress towards great power leadership is undoubtedly a mega event in recent international politics. Each and every patriotic Pakistan must demand that the current government should not succumb to US pressure on Pak-China bilateral relations. We must insist that government should take past successes in this relationship forward whether on the political, defence or economic side. Government must start taking ownership of security issues of Chinese nationals. This relationship is worth many short term flings with the West whose intentions are most suspect in terms of control of Pakistan’s assets. China on the other hand has always respected Pakistan’s sovereignty and contributed to its growth. Our common Asian values must be further cemented not dented.

@ Noor : take printouts if possible , give it a reading and make points . i hope this material will be of some help to you .

takecare and bestwishes

[happy ending]

check out this link .
http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compu...i-attacks.html

[Quratulain malikk]

the best way to prepare for the current affairs is to make a habit of reading news papers,magazines ,journals and periodicles available on contemporary affairs .
read Dawn daily .give at least an hour to news paper reading every day and make ur opinion about the issues .
the best way is to select two news papers ,one in urdu and one in english. read a news and its necesssary details in urdu news paper and than read the same in english.this will not only help in the clarification of ur concepts but will also help improve ur vocabulary and expression. Express is a very good urdu news paper.
read WORLD TIMES,a magazine on current affairs, by jehangir sons.
try to improve ur expression bcz in css expression matters alot and with good expression one can definitely get edge over the others.
watch current affairs programmes on Geo , ARY , Express.