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Old Sunday, December 20, 2009
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Default Economic,social and political development of pakistan



Social economic and political development of Pakistan

Development is a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stages especially a more advanced or mature stage. The development is the act of pursuing economic growth and social advancement in ways that can be supported for the long term by conserving resources and protecting the environment.
The development is favourable and long lasting progress in all sectors such as economic,political,social,financial,educational,in dustrial and increase in the GDP and better standard of living.
The development of a country is measured with statistical indexes such as income per capita (per person) (GDP), life expectancy, the rate of literacy, et cetera. The UN has developed the HDI(Human Development Index), a compound indicator of the above statistics, to gauge the level of human development for countries where data is available.
Kofi Annan, former Secretary General of the United Nations, defined a developed country as follows. "A developed country is one that allows all its citizens to enjoy a free and healthy life in a safe environment."
All the countries of the world are classified into three categories such as developed countries,developing countries and under developed countries.
In common practice, Japan in Asia, Canada and the United States in northern America, Australia and New Zealand in Oceania, and Europe are considered "developed" regions or areas.
Some international organizations like the World Bank use strictly numerical classifications. The World Bank considers all low- and middle- income countries as "developing". In its most recent classification, economies are divided using 2008 Gross National Income per capita. In 2008, countries with GNI per capita below US$11,905 were considered developing.
Development mostly includes Human Development Index.
The HDI is a statistical measure that gauges a country's level of human development. While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and a prosperous economy, the UN(United Nations) points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity. Unlike GDP per capita or per capita income, the HDI takes into account how income is turned "into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development.

* National GDP
* Literacy rates
* Life expectancy
* Human Development Index
* Per capita income
* Maternal survival rate
* HIV infection rates
* Number of doctors per capita
." A few examples are Italy and the United States. Despite a relatively large difference in GDP per capita, both countries rank roughly equal in term of overall human development.
Developing countries are in general countries which have not achieved a significant degree of industrialization relative to their populations, and which have, in most cases a medium to low standard of living. There is a strong correlation between low income and high population growth.
Pakistan is a developing country because it lacks the quality education,low GDP per capita,poor health,low standard of living etc.
Most important sectors are economic ,social ,health,industrial and political sectors which are considered responsible for development of a nation.
The development in economic social and political sectors is discussed below.
Economy:
The economy of Pakistan is the 27th largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power, and the 48th largest in absolute dollar terms. Pakistan's economy mainly encompasses textiles, chemicals, food processing, agriculture and other industries. The economy has suffered in the past from decades of internal political disputes, a fast growing population, mixed levels of foreign investment, and a costly, ongoing confrontation with neighboring India. However, IMF-approved government policies bolstered by foreign investment and renewed access to global markets, have generated solid macroeconomic recovery the last decade. Substantial macroeconomic reforms since 2000, most notably at privatizing the banking sector have helped the economy.
Inflation remains the biggest threat to the economy, jumping to more than 9% in 2005 before easing to 7.9% in 2006. In 2008, following the surge in global petrol prices inflation in Pakistan has reached as high as 25.0%. The central bank is pursuing tighter monetary policy while trying to preserve growth.
Historically, Pakistan's overall economic output (GDP) has grown every year since a 1951 recession. Despite this record of sustained growth, Pakistan's economy had, until a few years ago, been characterized as unstable and highly vulnerable to external and internal shocks. However, the economy proved to be unexpectedly resilient in the face of multiple adverse events.

Since the beginning of 2008, Pakistan's economic outlook has taken stagnation. Security concerns stemming from the nation's role in the War on Terror have created great instability and led to a decline in FDI from a height of approximately $8 billion to $3.5billion for the current fiscal year.
Due to increase in per capita GDP of over $3000 (PPP, 2006) compared with $2600 (PPP, 2005) in 2005 the World Bank considers Pakistan a medium-income country, it is also recorded as a "Medium Development Country" on the Human Development Index 2007. Pakistan has a large informal economy, which the government is trying to document and assess. Approximately 49% of adults are literate, and life expectancy is about 64 years. The population, about 168 million in 2007, is growing at about 1.80%.
The Pakistani rupee depreciated against the US dollar until the turn of the century, when Pakistan's large current-account surplus pushed the value of the rupee up versus the dollar. Pakistan's central bank then stabilized by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, in order to preserve the country's export competitiveness
Pakistan's exports increased more than 100% from $7.5 billion in 1999 to stand at $18 billion in the financial year 2007-2008.
Pakistan exports rice, furniture, cotton fiber, cement, tiles, marble, textiles, clothing, leather goods, sports goods (renowned for footballs/soccer balls), surgical instruments, electrical instruments etc.All these facts indicate the sign of growing or developing economy since its beginning.
Political Development:

Pakistan has been ruled by both democratic and military governments.The first decade was marred with political unrest and instability resulting in frequent collapses of civilian democratic governments. From 1947 to 1958 as many as seven Prime Ministers of Pakistan either resigned or were ousted. This political instability paved the way for
military take over’s.
Pakistan is one of the very few countries of the world where tribalism/feudalism not only exists but seem to go from strength to strength.Democracy has not much flourished in Pakistan due to military take overs.There are three strong political parties in Pakistan “Pakistan peoples party” Muslim league N”and “Muslim league Q” these parties leaders ruled over the country in the democratic controle only few leaders are sincere with the country and are patriotic.Most of the political leaders only care for their seat and personal benefits
That’s why political development is very slow in our country.The political leaders consider the country as their personal property and after their demise their children or their legal representatives are considered the leaders of the party as well as the country.
Our politics is underdeveloped due to the reason that feudal lords have been considered our leaders and modern political development demands that leaders should act like servant of nation not the servant of their desires.
Social Development:
Social development means that all the people of the country have better living standard and have good health and better facilities of education and peaceful conditions in the country.where people have all the rights and dignity and everyone is equal in the eyes of law.Social development is the welfare of society so that people can live prosperly and have better choices to chose profession and employment.
In the recent times people are socially developed because they have better opportunities of earning livelyhood better education,health care facilities etc.But the environment of country is not peaceful.Many NGO’S are working for the welfare of people and poverty alvieation such as ADHI’S FOUNDATION ,SUNDAS FOUNDATION etc.
All the above discussion indicate that as we are developing socially,economically or politically but we have not achieved the goal which is a developed peaceful nation
We can have a developed country if we act this quote of
Quaid- e--Azam Muhammad Ai Jinnah
“leaders should recognize their duties and considers them not the lords but the servants of nation and work for the welfare of people wholeheartedly to achieve our goal as a successful nation"



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