historical background
this mantra often listen in the media , pakistan is the hub , epicenter of terrorism , extremism and militancy ,after all , extremism and terrorism is different but interdependent . there is no contradiction in the view point that international , regional and proxy wars , all play the due role in creating panic and miseries for these title . let stared from ww2 , us , britain and russia after surrendering germany , japan were odd against in natural resources (oil ,gas ) and capturing trade routes.
different political dimension during that time are as followed.

1) ussr (united state of socialist republic) had military might , largest resources of oil , along with significant influenced in central asia ( azerbhijan , tajikistan , uzbekistan , kazakistan , turkmanistan , )
2) british empire was collapsing due to internal revolts and change in power paradigm

3) america was emerging as the super power with industrialization and military superiority.
in nutshell , the world was bipolar , the whole community was divided between capitalism and communism . the former has free liberal economic policies . privatization , guarantee complete freedom in human rights , while latter symbolized state authoritarian , state owned enterprises and individual freedom was under supervision of state .
another important political paradigm shift was the acceptance of creditability of capitalism in europe , while communism was limiting toward central , far asia ,

global trade route
the world 70 % trading was and is taking place through seaports . the gwadar port , port qasim and karachi port connect asia with central asia , state of malacca connects far east with the europe , in short , ussr and us were approaching towards to put influence in global sea trade route .

ussr empire extensionalism
in 1970 ussr was crossing amu river to capture afghanistan , russia ahs supported dawood khan and helped him in ousted zahir shah presidency .one more interesting factor was the geographic environment in russia , peculiar country was surrounded with frozen water and trade was not possible in winter.baltic sea was frozen with ships in stand still position.so , russia extended her accessed to gwadar or hot water .

american intention
after successful adopting new economic order in britain and europe , her policy transferred towards counter communism ,american's think tanks , economist and leaders understood communist was the biggest threat .

the whole era from 1960 to 1985 is popular remembered as cold war time , culmination of this period took place with disintegration of ussr (united social socialist ) in 1988 , former ussr withdrew its troops under geneva accord and world pressure in 1988.

bred of terrorism.

back ground
in 1970 prime minister zulfiqar ali bhutto maintained relation with the raza shah of iran , in this way strategic balance was maintained in the region , but this equation put sorry figure when russia un connected support to the afghan leadership ,Pakistan diplomacy suffered when communist backed government sat at kabul throne. In kabul university , two fation khalq and parcham , these groups united against the muhammad daoud khan , however russian invasion after dethrone of communist back regime direct invasion.

russia invasion
this war started in december 1979 , russia the super power of that time . this was the first turning point in the history . now pakistan supported afghan movement by heart and soul . about 30 million influx of refugees migrated toward different areas of kpk and baloschistan.
muslim from all over the world united to defeat super power

reasons of muslims from arabs , and africa to participate in afghan struggle
after the collapse of caliph system in1925 , muslims were at receiving end , every muslim land was captured by british empire , france . simply , bore the brunt of atrocities .

palestine was occupied by jewish but the whole world remained silence , this meaningless silence invoked anger and pain in the muslims

kashmir is important , pakistan has fought two wars , separation of east pakistan was blew to the state.

muslims were desperate , anguish and pain ful situation , this was the time to take avenge . However , ameriac stood with mujahaideen , and termed them freedom fighter .

american assistance
us gave indirect assistance to pakistan , also paksitan was allowed to continue her nuclear project .
Pakistan policy
at that particular moment , pakistan state policy was favoring with fighter . madressah were imparting religious education with only jihad .jihad was the crux of madressah syllabus. durand line (pak -afghan ) border area 2250 kilo meter was the main center of training , imparting religious education and safe heavens for fighters,

Afghnistan contribution
this land is known as remnant of mighty empires . at that moment six different parties were united to cull us , mostly , their leaders visited peshawar and took aid from pakistan .famous arab leaders abdul yousaf azzam and osama bin laden founded al qaeeda in afghanistan .both were arabs in origin but wanted liberation of palestine .

american helps and aid
at that particular moment us gave aid to pakistan , annual aid was around $12 billion . when russia was unable to achieve its target , now its aim was to include gun ship helicopter as aggressive strategy . in 1985 , america involved into war with the military support of sting missile . these missile successfully chopped helicopter . us had invited some freedom leaders and termed them forefathers of us .

world after soviet withdrew
different groups fought for kabul , hekmatyarr hizb i islami , united front (norhtern alliance ) ahmed shah mehsud involved in tug war to capture capital . in 1994 , ahmed shah controlled city but hekmatyar retreated untill . in 1995 , taliban movement with slogan of justics in hand

taliban movement was started from kadhar , its supreme ameer was mullah omar . he punished two men in criminal charges of robbery . this performance and achievement gave worth this cause in length and bredth of afghanistan. after 9/11 , america accused osam bin ladena as the master mind and executor of twion tower 9ground zero 0 carnage .

the world after 9/11
the world changed post 9/11 , america put two option to the international community either stand with us or prepare to face the consequences ,pakistan chose first option . the biggest shift was the freedom fighter of 1980 became terrorists .

operation enduring freedom
us started operation enduring freedom to clean afghanistan from al qaeeda and brought democracy in the capital . however , faced the burnt .
us troops along with nato tried to culminate al qaeed , pakistan 2250 km border was in secured , cross border infiltration was possible . what was the difference .al qaeed becomes hid in different tribal area.

FATA
federal administrative tribal area adjoined with afghan different provinces like kunar , nuristan,jalabad , when isaf accelerated military operation , these terrorists fled into pakistan .

pakistan government response
pakistan stationed 130000 trops along border porous areas , apkistan army began high intense war in tribal agencies. in south waziristan , people of central asian republic sttled . arabs , checchans and chinese urygan provinces also hide out . army started operation in south waziristan , orakzai agency , alqaeeda command and control was demolished in orakzai .in operation , different terrorist atke protection in urban aresa, karachi , quetta and faislabad was the save places , so this way terrorist moved o the local population to conceal identity.