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Default International Agreements

International Agreements

::. Pakistan & The United Nations
::. Pakistan & Organization of the Islamic Conference
::. Pakistan & Economic Cooperation Organization
::. Pakistan & Non-Aligned Movement
::. Pakistan & South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
::. Pakistan & The D-8
::. Avoidance of Double Taxation
::. Bilateral Investment Treaties::.


PAKISTAN AND THE UN

1. Non-Proliferation and Disarmament

2. Peacekeeping Operations

3. Security Council

4. Human Rights

Non-Proliferation and Disarmament

Pakistan remains firmly committed to the goal of achieving general and complete disarmament. Whether the question is of total elimination of weapons of mass destruction or the regulation of small arms, Pakistan believes that the core principle and objective of disarmament should be to assure equal security for all states, regardless of their size and status.

The nuclear tests by India on 11th and 13th May, in defiance of the international sentiments against proliferation of nuclear weapons, posed a direct security threat to Pakistan. Also, in the wake of the tests, Indian leaders adopted an extremely hostile posture towards Pakistan asserting that Pakistan must realize that the geo-strategic balance had changed and that "India's bold and decisive step to build nuclear weapons" signified India's resolve "to deal firmly and strongly" with Pakistan. These and similar threats were accompanied by dangerous speculations in the Indian media claiming that by testing India had called Pakistan's bluff. This carried the risk of Indian miscalculation and military misadventure which, could have led to disastrous consequences. Pakistan also knew that no country could extend security assurances to Pakistan against a nuclear India.

For these strategic compulsions and in response to strong public sentiments, the Government of Pakistan decided to conduct nuclear tests on 28th and 30th May, 1999. Pakistan's tests were necessary to establish deterrence and, therefore, have served the cause of peace and stability in South Asia.

Pakistan has always been sensitive to international non-proliferation concerns. This was evident in the several proposals made over the years, after the 1974 Indian nuclear test, to keep South Asia free of nuclear weapons. Pakistan's initiatives included a proposal for the estsablishment of a nuclear weapons free zone in South Asia, a joint Pakistan-India declaration renouncing the acquisition or manufacture of nuclear weapons, mutual inspection by Pakistan and India of each other's facilities, simultaneous adherence to the NPT by both countries and acceptance of IAEA safeguards, the conclusion of a bilateral or regional test-ban treaty, and a proposal for a meeting to include Pakistan and India along with China, Russia and the US to discuss conventional arms control and confidence building measures as well as the promotion of nuclear restraint to prevent possible nuclear escalation in South Asia. Not a single one of the proposals made by Pakistan elicited a positive response from India.

Following the tests last May, Pakistan has acted with restraint by declaring a unilateral moratorium and offered India a regional test ban treaty. Pakistan has proposed to India the concept of a strategic restraint regime in South Asia based on the prevention of nuclear and ballistic missile race, avoidance of nuclear conflict, risk reduction mechanism, formalizing the moratorium on nuclear testing, non-induction of Anti-ballastic Missile (ABM) and Submarine-launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) systems and maintaining the deterrence capability at the lowest possible levels. Pakistan has also proposed a No-War Pact and an agreement on mutual and balanced reduction of forces and armaments.

Peacekeeping Operations

Pakistan strongly supports the role of the United Nations in peacekeeping. We believe that UN peacekeeping operations are an important element of the United Nations responsibilities, under its Charter, for the preservation of international peace and security.

Accordingly, Pakistan has actively cooperated with and participated in UN peacekeeping efforts. We are one of the largest and most consistent participants in UN peacekeeping operations. Both our military and police personnel have been part of UN peacekeeping operations and their services and contribution have won recognition and international approbation.

Pakistan has so far participated in the following UN peacekeeping operations and observer missions:-

1.United Nations Operation in Congo (ONUC), 1960-64

2.United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea (UNSF), 1962-63

3.United Nations Yemen Observation Mission (UNYOM), 1964

4.United Nations Transition Assistance Group in Namibia (UNTAG), 1989-90

5.United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM), 1991-to date

6.United Nations Mission for Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), 1991-to date

7.United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), 1992-1993

8.United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM-I), 1992-1993

9.United Nations Protection Force in Bosnia (UNPROFOR), 1992-1996

10.United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM-II), 1993-95

11.United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL), 1993-97

12.United Nations Mission for Assistance in Rwanda (UNMAIR), 1995-96

13.United nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM), 1995-97

14.United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH), 1995-97

15.United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG), 1995-to date

16.United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slovenia (UNTAES), 1996-97


Security Council

Since the establishment of the United Nations in 1945, its membership has substantially increased from the original 52 states to 185 states. Similarly the scope of the United Nations programmes and activities has expanded considerably in response to growing global interdependence. The present composition of the UN Security Council, with five permanent members and ten non-permanent members, therefore, does not correspond to the increased membership of the United Nations.
Against this background, the UN General Assembly, at its 35th session held in 1980, decided to include the item of reform and expansion of the UN Security Council on its provision agenda. However, this agenda item continued to be deferred by the UN General Assembly until its 47th session when the UN Secretary-General was requested to invite member states to submit written comments on a possible review of the Security Council's membership.

At its 48th session held in 1993, the UN General Assembly decided to establish and Open-Ended Working Group to consider all aspects of the question of increase in the membership of the Security Council and other matters related to the Security Council. This Working Group commenced its work in January 1994 and has continued to extensively deliberate upon this important question.

Pakistan has been actively and constructively participating in the deliberations of the Working Group. We believe that the issue of reform and expansion of the UN Security Council is of vital importance and has far-reaching implications for the global political order. Pakistan has, therefore, supported the predominant view that this issue should only be finalized with the general agreement of the UN membership.

Pakistan fully supported and endorsed the consensus resolution adopted by the recent 53rd session of the UN General Assembly in December 1998. This resolution reiterated the importance of reaching general agreement and indicated its determination not to adopt any resolution or decision on this issue without the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the UN membership. This resolution conforms to Article 108 of the UN Charter as well as the position taken by a large majority of member states and various groupings such as the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM); the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) and the Organization of African Unity (OAU).

Pakistan is opposed to the concept of permanent membership as it is at variance with the principle of sovereign equality of all member states. We are of the view that the present inequity, which is inherent in the concept of permanent membership, should not be further augmented. Pakistan believes that such an expansion would further proliferate the centers of privileges, create a new aristocracy and, conversely, alienate the small and medium-sized countries, who constitute an overwhelming majority in the UN General Assembly.

Pakistan is strongly opposed to the grant of permanent membership to any state which has not abided by the relevant resolutions of the UN Security Council.
Although major differences continue to exist on the question of reform and expansion of the UN Security Council, Pakistan remains committed to evolving a credible formula which enjoys the general agreement of the UN membership.

Human Rights

Pakistan is deeply committed to promoting respect for basic human rights and fundamental freedoms universally. As a member of the Commission on Human Rights, Pakistan has extensively contributed to enrich international efforts for realizing the goals set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Pakistan is making serious efforts to ensure that basic human rights and fundamental freedom of all citizens are fully safeguarded.

Uplift of Minorities

Under the constitution of Pakistan, minorities are equal citizens and enjoy all fundamental rights. Subject to law, public order and morality, minorities have the right to profess, practice and propagate their religion and establish, maintain and manage their religious institutions.
The government has taken several legislative and administrative steps for the uplift of the minorities. Administrative measures include the establishment of an independent Minorities Affairs Division at the Federal level, a high powered National Commission for Minorities and a Special Fund for the welfare and uplift of minorities.

Advancement of Women

The Government has taken number of steps at national level to empower women both in economic and political fields. Advancement and empowerment of women has been the primary human rights objective of the successive government. Accordingly, Pakistan acceded to the Convention of Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against women (CEDAW) and is fully committed to the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action
The Government has also decided to give preference to women in recruitment to various jobs to bridge the existing gender imbalance in the employment market.
The First Women Bank of Pakistan, a financial institution, entirely run by women, provides credit and free advisory services to women entrepreneurs.

Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Child

Crimes against children resulting in death, disability, kidnapping, sexual abuse, torture, and forced labour have been made punishable with maximum penalty including life imprisonment. Laws prescribing child labour are being brought in conformity with ILO Conventions. The engagement of children in any factory or mine or hazardous employment is prohibited.

http://www.pakboi.gov.pk/
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Default ::.pakistan And The Oic

::.PAKISTAN AND THE OIC

Introduction

The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) is an inter-governmental organization grouping fifty-six States. These States decided to pool their resources together, combine their efforts and speak with one voice to safeguard the interest and ensure the progress and well-being of their peoples and those of other Muslims in the world over.

The Organization was established in Rabat, Kingdom of Morocco, on 12 Rajab 1389H (25 September 1969) when the First meeting of the leaders of the Islamic world was held in this city in the wake of the criminal arson perpetrated on 21 August 1969 by Zionist elements against Al-Aqsa Mosque, in occupied Jerusalem. It was indeed in order to defend the honour, dignity and faith of the Muslims, to face this bitter challenge launched in the holy city of Al-Quds so dear to them and against the Mosque of Al-Aqsa, the first Qibla and third holiest Shrine of Islam, that the leaders of the Muslim world, at their Summit in Rabat, seized that event - which brought about unanimous worldwide condemnation and reprobation - to think together of their common cause and muster the force required to overcome their differences, unite and lay the foundations of this large grouping of States, that is, the Organization of the Islamic Conference which they entrusted, in absolute priority, with liberating Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa from Zionist occupation.

Six months after that historical meeting, i.e. in Muharram 1390H (March 1970), the First Islamic Conference of Ministers of Foreign Affairs held in Jeddah set up a permanent General Secretariat, to ensure a liaison among Member States and charged it to coordinate their action. The Conference appointed its Secretary General and chose Jeddah as the Headquarters of the Organization, pending the liberation of Jerusalem, which would be the permanent Headquarters.

Two and a half years after Rabat, in Muharram 1392H (February 1972), the Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers, meeting in its Third Session, adopted the Charter of the Organization, whose purpose is to strengthen solidarity and cooperation among Islamic States in the political, economic, cultural, scientific and social fields.

Under the Charter, the Organization aims to:

1. Strengthen:

a) Islamic solidarity among Member States;
b) Cooperation in the political, economic, social, cultural and scientific fields:
c) The struggle of all Muslim people to safeguard their dignity, independence and national rights.

2. Coordinate action to:

a) Safeguard the Holy Places;
b) Support the struggle of the Palestinian people and assist them in recovering their rights and liberating their occupied territories.

3. Work to:

a) Eliminate racial discrimination and all forms of colonialism;
b) Create a favorable atmosphere for the promotion of cooperation and understanding between Member States and other countries.

The Charter also enumerates principles which OIC Member States undertake to inspire themselves from, in order to achieve the objectives of the Organization.

The Charter also enumerates the principles governing OIC activities, namely:

1. Full equality among Member States
2.Observation of the right to self determination and non-interference in the internal affairs of Member States
3. Observation of the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of each State
4.The settlement of any dispute that might arise among Member States by peaceful means such as negotiations, mediation, conciliation and arbitration
5. A pledge to refrain, in relations among Member States, from resorting to force or threatening to resort to the use of force against the unity and territorial integrity or the political independence of any one of them

In order to achieve its objectives, the Organization has main bodies, secondary organs, institutions and specialized committees.

The Islamic Conference is composed of the following main bodies

The Conference of Kings and Heads of State and Government, is the supreme authority of the Organization which meets once every three years to lay down the Organization's policy

The Conference of Foreign Ministers, which meets once a year to examine a progress report on the implementation of its decisions taken within the framework of the policy defined by the Islamic Summit

The General Secretariat, which is the executive organ of the Organization, entrusted with the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies.

In order to coordinate and boost its action, align its view points and stands, and be credited with concrete results in the various fields of cooperation: political, economic, cultural, social, spiritual and scientific, among Member States, the Organization has created different committees, nearly all, at ministerial level, a number of which are chaired by Heads of State. The Al-Quds Committee, the Standing Committee for Information and Cultural Affairs (COMIAC), the Standing Committee for Economic and Trade Cooperation (COMCEC), the Standing Committee for Scientific and Technical Cooperation (COMSTECH) and the Islamic Peace Committee are the ones Chaired by Heads of State. Fourteen Committees which have been thus established, deal with other important issues such as Palestine, the Sahel, Afghanistan, Kashmir etc.

The number and types of secondary organs and institutions, working toward the achievement of the OIC objectives, have been steadily increasing, and cover various areas of cultural, scientific, economic, legal, financial, sports, technological, educational, media, as well as vocational, social and humanitarian. Depending on their degree of autonomy vis-a-vis the parent organization, they are classified as subsidiary and specialized organs, or affiliated institutions.

Last but not least, it is worth mentioning that by the 3rd year of the World Decade for Cultural Development launched by the United Nations in 1988 under the auspices of UNESCO - the Organization of the Islamic Conference had built Islamic Colleges, and Cultural Institutes and Centres to spread Islamic culture and dispense the Teaching of Arabic, the language of the Holy Qur'an, as well as other languages.

Pakistan's Role In the OIC

Pakistan with its legacy rooted in the Islamic faith and its consistent support for Muslim causes, as well as in response to the overwhelming public support for the cause of liberation of Al-Quds Al-Sharif, was a founding member of the OIC in 1969.

Relations with the Islamic world are the corner stone of foreign policy of Pakistan. As a founding member of the OIC Pakistan has an abiding commitment to the purposes, principles and objectives of its Charter. Pakistan has played an important role in strengthening cooperation among Muslim States by its active participation in the programmes and activities of the OIC. The efforts by Pakistan have received due acknowledgment in the OIC signified by its membership of all key OIC's Specialized Committees and Contact Groups on critical issues of the Islamic world - Palestine, Afghanistan, Jammu & Kashmir, Bosnia, Kosovo and Sahel.

Pakistan is the Chairman of the OIC Standing Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH) which has its Headquarters in Islamabad. Pakistan also host the Secretariat of the Islamic Chamber of Commerce and Industry( ICCI). The Office of the OIC's Secretary General's Special Representative on Afghanistan is based in Islamabad.

The Headquarters of the Islamic Telecommunication Union would also be established in Islamabad. Pakistan is the Chairman of the Council and the Executive Committee of the Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States (PUOICM).

Mr. Sharif-ud-Din Pirzada a noted Lawyer and a former Foreign Minister of Pakistan served as the Secretary General of the OIC from 1984 to 1988 . Pakistan is a member of all OIC subsidiary, affiliated and specialized Organs.

Pakistan hosted the second Islamic Summit Conference in Lahore on 22nd to 24th February 1974. Pakistan also hosted the Second Conference of the OIC Foreign Ministers (ICFM) held in Karachi from 26th to 28 December 1970, Eleventh ICFM in Islamabad from 17th to 22nd May 1980 and the Twenty-first ICFM held in Karachi on 25th to 29th April 1993. The Special Sessions of the OIC Foreign Ministers Conference in 1980 and in 1994 were also held in Pakistan.

To commemorate Fifty years of the Independence of Pakistan an Extra-ordinary Session of the Islamic Summit was held in Islamabad on 23rd March 1997. A large number of the Islamic Heads of State and Government, in a grand gesture of solidarity with Pakistan attended the Summit meeting and conveyed their full support to the sovereignty, political independence and territorial integrity of Pakistan on this auspicious occasion.


MEMBERS OF THE OIC

visit:http://www.pakboi.gov.pk/

OBSERVERS

visit:http://www.pakboi.gov.pk/

For further details please visit http://www.oic-oci.org
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Default ::. Pakistan And The Eco

::. PAKISTAN AND THE ECO


BACKGROUND

Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), is an inter-governmental regional organization established in 1985 by Iran, Pakistan and Turkey for the purpose of sustainable socio-economic development of the Member States.
ECO is the successor organization of Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD) which remained active from 1964 up to 1979.

In 1992, the Organization was expanded to include seven new members, namely: Islamic State of Afghanistan, Republic of Azerbaijan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Republic of Uzbekistan.

This region could obviously not remain unaffected by this transformation. The winds of freedom blew across central Asia and the Caucasus. In their bid to open up to the outside world, and as a manifestation of their urge to revive their historic affinities with the peoples of Iran, Pakistan and Turkey, the newly-independent Republics of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan sought ECO's membership. They were readily admitted. Afghanistan also followed suit. ECO thus transformed from a small trilateral entity into a major grouping of ten Member-States.

The expanded ECO covered a territory of more than 7 million square kilometers—immensely rich in natural resources including oil and gas. It embraced over 300 million people—hard working and imbued with great entrepreneurial spirit. The mutual relations of Member-States exuded harmony and cordiality. They all possessed the requisite political will to make ECO a successful enterprise.

POLICY FRAMEWORK

The Organization defined the long term perspective and sectoral priorities in the form of three action plans—the Quetta Plan of Action (1993), the Istanbul Declaration (1993), and the project oriented Almaty Outline Plan (1993). It was realized from the outset that objectives could be fulfilled only if a beginning was made from the fundamentals. In ECO, the fundamentals were defined to be the following:

i. development of transport and communications infrastructure;
ii. facilitation of trade and investment; and
iii. effective use of the vast energy resources.

INSTITUTION BUILDING

Simultaneous with the identification of priority areas, the task of institution-building was begun. The Third ECO Summit Held in Islamabad in March 1995 witnessed the signing of documents pertaining to Six ECO Institutions and two regional arrangements. These included: ECO Trade and Development Bank, ECO Reinsurance Company, ECO Shipping Company, ECO Air, ECO Cultural Institute (Tehran) and ECO Science Foundation (Islamabad). The two agreements that have come into effect are, ECO Transit Trade Agreement and Agreement on Simplification of Visa Procedures for the Businessmen of ECO Countries.

In 1998, during the 8th ECO Council of Ministers (COM) Meeting, the council signed the Charter of ECO Education Institute to be established in Turkey; a Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operation Against Smuggling and Customs Frauds; and the main text (without annexures) of the ECO Transit Transport Framework Agreement (TTFA).

ROAD AND RAILWAY LINKS

In line with the set of priorities, tremendous attention has been devoted to the development of physical infrastructure. The project-oriented Almaty Outline Plan underscores the importance of a modern transport and communication infrastructure linking the ECO member-states with each other and with the outside world. The Plan envisages:

a) enabling trucks to travel from one end of the region to the other;
b) expansion and integration of national railway networks;
c) expansion of air connections to connect the capitals and major cities of each of the ECO countries;
d) expansion of port facilities to handle sea-borne trade of the region; and
e) conclusion of bilateral/multilateral agreements within or beyond the region to facilitate such transport including access through new border and custom posts that may be established.

TRADE

The other priority area is trade facilitation. In that context, an MoU was concluded in 1992 establishing a Preferential Tariff Arrangement between Pakistan, Iran and Turkey. It provides for 10% reduction in tariffs on a list of specific items. Within its framework, it is being endeavored to gradually reduce tariffs and non-tariff barriers as well as expand the list of commodities for preferential treatment.

To supplement the efforts for trade promotion, two important instruments viz. the ECO Transit Trade Agreement and the Agreement on Simplification of Visa Procedures for the Businessmen of ECO countries were concluded during the 1995 ECO Summit and entered into force in December 1997 and March 1998 respectively. The establishment of the Trade and Development Bank in Istanbul and the Re-insurance Company in Karachi would provide further impetus to enhanced intra and inter-regional trade.

ENERGY

The ECO region is immensely rich in energy resources—particularly oil and gas. The extraction and effective utilization of these resources holds the key to regional progress and prosperity. Steps have been taken to concertize regional cooperation in the field of energy by planning a network of gas and oil pipelines and inter-connection of power grids.

MEETINGS

ECO's Extraordinary Summit Meeting of 13-14 May 1997 on Development of Transport and Communication, hosted by Turkmenistan at Ashgabat, was a landmark event for the region.
At the 5th ECO Summit Meeting held in Almaty in May 1998, Pakistan proposed that ECO should launch a multi-dimensional economic development programme on the model of Pakistan 2010 programme.

The most significant event in 1999 was the convening of the ECO Council of Ministers meeting in Baku, Azerbaijan from 18-21 May. A number of decisions, including the approval of holding the next ECO Summit Meeting in Kyrgyz Republic during the year 2000 were taken by the Council. Pakistan remained energetically involved during the discussions at Senior Officials level as well as in the Ministerial meeting.

For further details please visit http://www.ecosecretariat.org
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Default ::pakistan And The Non-aligned Movement (nam)

::. PAKISTAN AND THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT (NAM)


The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 's purpose, as declared in the Havana Declaration of 1979, is to ensure "the national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of non-aligned countries" in their "struggle against imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialism, apartheid, racism, including Zionism, and all forms of foreign aggression, occupation, domination, interference or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc politics".

Pakistan And The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

The Non-Aligned Movement presently comprises 116 members as compared to the 25 that attended the first Summit held in erstwhile Yugoslavia in 1961. The Movement traces its origin to the Bandung Conference of 1955, which was co-sponsored by Pakistan, along with India, Sri Lanka, Burma and Indonesia. Pakistan, however, did not attend the first Summit due to its membership of the CENTO and SEATO. Pakistan has participated in the deliberations of NAM as a guest until its assumption of full membership during the 1979 Havana Summit.


NAM Summits at A Glance

First Conference - Belgrade, September 1-6, 1961
Second Conference - Cairo, October 5-10, 1964
Third Conference - Lusaka, September 8-10, 1970
Fourth Conference - Algiers, September 5-9, 1973
Fifth Conference - Colombo, August 16-19, 1976
Sixth Conference - Havana, September 3-9, 1979
Seventh Conference - New Delhi, march 7-12, 1983
Eighth Conference - Harare, September 1-6, 1986
Ninth Conference - Belgrade, September 4-7, 1989
Tenth Conference - Jakarta, September 1-7, 1992
Eleventh Conference - Cartagena de Indias, October 18-20, 1995
Twelfth Conference - Durban, September 2-3, 1998
Thirteenth Conference – Kuala Lumpur, February 20-25, 2003
Pakistan was instrumental in evolving NAM consensus positions on the following important issues:

Peaceful settlement of disputes

In view of the unresolved Kashmir issue, it has been our efforts that the NAM decisions reflect an emphasis on peaceful settlement of disputes. We have, therefore, consistently urged the Movement to expeditiously evolve a mechanism for conflict resolution. In this context, the Final Document of the XII NAM Summit, held in Durban, had reiterated the need to secure a peaceful settlement of all outstanding issues in South Asia.

Nuclear Issue

Pakistan has fully supported NAM's principled position on the issue of global nuclear disarmament within a time-bound framework. On the question of the South Asian nuclear tests, the XII NAM Summit affirmed "the need for bilateral dialogue to secure peaceful solutions to all outstanding issues and the promotion of confidence and security building measures and mutual trust". The Summit also opposed unilateral, coercive or discriminatory measures being applied against Non-Aligned countries. This is a clear endorsement of Pakistan's position that a solution to the situation arising from the nuclear tests cannot be promoted in an atmosphere of coercion and pressure.

Self-Determination

Ever since its inception, NAM has consistently reiterated the continued validity of the fundamental right of all peoples to self-determination, the exercise of which, in the case of peoples under colonial or alien domination and foreign occupation, is essential to ensure the eradication of all these situations and to guarantee universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. In this regard, the Movement has strongly condemned ongoing brutal repression of the legitimate aspirations for self-determination of peoples under colonial, alien domination and foreign occupation in various regions of the world.

Terrorism

The XII NAM Summit had stressed the need to combat terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, regardless of race, religion or nationality of the victims or perpetrators of terrorism. The Summit, however, endorsed, in principle, the call for the definition of terrorism and to differentiate it from the legitimate struggle of peoples under colonial or alien domination and foreign occupation, for self-determination and national liberation.

Expansion of the Security Council

The XII NAM Summit inter-alia reaffirmed that Security Council reform must be adopted by a two-third majority of the UN membership and that there should be no imposed time limit. The Non-Aligned countries have so far consistently maintained the position that, in absence of consensus or general agreement, expansion should take place only in the non-permanent category.

Economic Issues

Since NAM predominantly comprises developing countries, it has consistently paid considerable attention on economic issues. The Movement has maintained its long-standing position on the need for conscious steps to regulate the market measures as a means of ensuring that growth in the world economy and trade is both dynamic as well as equitable. Accordingly, the Movement has rejected recent efforts to inject new conditionalities and protectionism, such as the insertion of the labour standards issues in the World Trade Organization. NAM has called for the urgent convening by the United Nations of a global monetary conference to address the old and new problems of the international financial system.

Pakistan desires to see NAM play an increasingly effective role in all international fora, particularly in the United Nations. It is important that the Movement safeguards and preserves the principled positions evolved by it on a wide range of international issues

NAM Member States

visit:http://www.pakboi.gov.pk/
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Default ::. Pakistan And The Saarc

::. PAKISTAN AND THE SAARC

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established when its Charter was formally adopted on December 8, 1985 by the Heads of State of Government of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
South Asia, home to nearly a fifth of humanity, is endowed with vast natural and human resources. It has the potential of becoming a vibrant region in the world, given its enormous resources in manpower, technology, agricultural and mineral assets, its history and civilization, arts and culture. Intra-regional exchanges in the SAARC framework and trade among its Member States can realise much of this potential.

The idea of regional cooperation in South Asia was first mooted in November, 1980. It was the shared desire of the peoples of South Asia to overcome common problems through mutual cooperation. The primary objective of the Association was, therefore, in the words of its Charter, "to promote the welfare of the peoples of South Asia and to improve their quality of life". Towards this end, the Charter called for efforts "to accelerate economic growth, social programmes and cultural development in the region"; to promote and strengthen collective self-reliance"; " to contribute to mutual trust, understanding and appreciation of one anothers' problems" and to "promote active collaboration and mutual assistance in the economic, social, cultural, technical and scientific fields".

Over a period of nearly a decade and half that SAARC has been in place it carries the image of high profile and low performance. A major explanation in this regard lies in the fact that relationship among the member states have often been marked by mistrust, misunderstanding and even hostility. The most common criticism about SAARC relates to its 'futility' in the presence of serious contentious issues between the members of the Association. The modest SAARC programmes and its limited coverage, exclusion of bilateral and contentious issues from its purview and subjecting decision-making process on unanimity are result of this reality.

Since the Association's inception, Pakistan has been a supporter of SAARC objectives and has remained an active player on the SAARC platform. It has contributed meaningfully to the establishment, institutionalization and progress of the Association. Pakistan supports a step by step approach for enhancing cooperation and emphasizes the need for better coordination of programmes and consolidation of the progress made so far.

Pakistan has the privilege to be host to SAARC Regional Centre for Human Resource Development, which was been established in Islamabad in 1998. Similarly, the Headquarters of SAARC Chambers of Commerce and Industry is located at Islamabad.

In a move towards realizing the great potential of SAARC, Pakistan proposed at the Male Summit in 1997 the establishment of a Group of Eminent Persons to undertake a comprehensive appraisal of SAARC. The Eminent Persons have observed that often cooperation has been hindered by a lack of political will and hampered by vicissitudes of the political climate. Accordingly, the Group has recommended that the process of holding informal political consultations, initiated at the Ninth SAARC Summit, should be carried forward and operationalized so as to achieve the SAARC Charter objectives of fostering mutual trust, understanding and friendly relations amongst the member states.

With a view to carry forward the process of political consultations Pakistan launched a Peace, Security and Development Initiative at the Tenth Summit in Colombo in July 1998. The Initiative recommends the following actions:-

a) Member countries with bilateral problems should engage in a sincere dialogue to resolve them.

b) A High Council comprising the Foreign Ministers of South Asian countries may be established to examine the causes of tension that threaten regional peace and harmony. The High Council may offer its good offices, or upon agreement of the parties, convert itself into a committee of inquiry, mediation, or conciliation.

c) A South Asian Security and Development Conference may be convened for discussions on issues of peace, security and economic development. The Conference may be charged, inter alia, with the responsibility to prepare an Agreement on the renunciation of the threat or use of force and peaceful settlement of disputes.

Pakistan's peace initiative was well received and dubbed timely and appropriate by most member states who were acutely aware of the security situation of the region.
On the regional economic front Pakistan is committed to the liberalization of trade in the region under the Agreement on SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA). The process of liberalization should, however, safeguard the interests of all member states and ensure that economic cooperation is on the basis of a level playing field, mutuality of interest and transparency. In principle Pakistan also supports SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Area). However, the transition to SAFTA must be undertaken with full preparation. It must also be recognized that full scale economic cooperation can not be brought about in an environment of tension and conflicts. Resolution of disputes, on a just and fair basis, is a prerequisite for durable peace and fruitful economic cooperation.

Pakistan draws satisfaction from the fact that growing attention is also being received by areas that favour the poor such as eradication of poverty, welfare of women and children, health, agriculture and rural development etc. We need to adopt pragmatic approaches which are sensitive to our circumstances and geared to realistic objectives if we are to achieve the goal of regional cooperation for progress and prosperity in the region.

For further details please visit http://www.saarc-sec.org/
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Default ::. Pakistan And The D-8

::. Pakistan And The D-8

D-8, also known as developing-8 is an arrangement for development cooperation among the following member countries: Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan and Turkey. The objectives of D-8 are to improve developing countries' positions in the world economy, diversify and create new opportunities in trade relations, enhance participation in decision-making at the international level, and provide better standards of living.

The idea of cooperation between major Muslim developing countries was mooted by Dr. Necmetin Erbakan, the former Prime Minister of Turkey during a Seminar on "Cooperation in Development", held in Istanbul in October 1996. The group envisioned cooperation among countries from regions stretching from South East Asia to Africa. Representatives from Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria and Pakistan attended the Seminar. The D-8 was formally established at a Summit of Heads of Sate/Government in Istanbul held on 15 June 1997.

The Istanbul Declaration, adopted by the inaugural Summit envisaged improving developing countries' position in the world economy, diversifying and creating new opportunities in trade relations, enhancing participation in decision-making at the international level and providing better standards of living to the masses of the member countries, as the objectives of the Group.

The principal organs of the D-8 are the Summit, the Council and the Commission. The Summit is the supreme organ and is composed of the Heads of State/Government of the member countries and is convened biannually. The Council comprises Ministers in-charge of Foreign Affairs and is the political decision-making organ. The Commission is the executive organ of the D-8 and is composed of senior officials appointed by their respective countries. To supervise the provision of services at the meetings and to ensure an efficient communication among member states, a Coordinating Unit headed by an Executive Director has been established in Istanbul.

Ten sectors have been identified for cooperation and project development by the D-8. These sectors have been awarded to different member countries to coordinate action in their own designated spheres of development as follows:

Establishment of an International Marketing and Trading Company (Egypt).
Workshop on Poverty Alleviation (Indonesia).

Establishment of an Industrial and Technological Data Bank Network among D-8 (Iran).

Establishment of Takaful Schemes (Insurance), including joint ventures between the companies of D-8 (Malaysia).

Cooperation for the Development of Inland and Coastal Aquaculture (Pakistan).

Design, Development, Production, and Marketing of Agricultural Aircraft (Turkey).

Member Countries

Pakistan
Bangladesh
Egypt
Indonesia
Iran
Malaysia
Nigeria
Turkey

Summits

The first summit was held in Istanbul in 1997.

The second summit was held in Dhaka in March 1999

The third summit was held in Cairo in February 2001

The fourth Summit was held in Tehran on 18 February 2004.

Prime Minister of Pakistan at the fourth D-8 summit urged the D-8 nations to give impetus to the economic activity by removing trade barriers. He gave a six-point plan to further enhance co-operation within the group. The plan included: reduction and elimination of tariffs and para-tariffs, harmonisation of standards and simplification of custom procedures, re-strengthening of transportation and communication, provision of affordable healthcare, expansion of co-operation in areas of information technology and higher learning, and strengthening of the Istanbul-based D-8 co-ordination unit. To expedite implementation of the decisions of D-8 countries’ recent (Tehran) summit meeting, 10 seminars will be held. Of these, Pakistan will host four seminars.

For further details please visit http://www.d8net.org
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::. Avoidance Of Double Taxation

Countries Having Agreement With Pakistan For
Avoidance Of Double Taxation

::. Bilateral Investment

List of Countries / Organizations with which Pakistan has Bilateral Investment Agreements

visit:http://www.pakboi.gov.pk/
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::.PAKISTAN AND THE OIC

Introduction

The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) is an inter-governmental organization grouping fifty-six States. These States decided to pool their resources together, combine their efforts and speak with one voice to safeguard the interest and ensure the progress and well-being of their peoples and those of other Muslims in the world over.

The Organization was established in Rabat, Kingdom of Morocco, on 12 Rajab 1389H (25 September 1969) when the First meeting of the leaders of the Islamic world was held in this city in the wake of the criminal arson perpetrated on 21 August 1969 by Zionist elements against Al-Aqsa Mosque, in occupied Jerusalem. It was indeed in order to defend the honour, dignity and faith of the Muslims, to face this bitter challenge launched in the holy city of Al-Quds so dear to them and against the Mosque of Al-Aqsa, the first Qibla and third holiest Shrine of Islam, that the leaders of the Muslim world, at their Summit in Rabat, seized that event - which brought about unanimous worldwide condemnation and reprobation - to think together of their common cause and muster the force required to overcome their differences, unite and lay the foundations of this large grouping of States, that is, the Organization of the Islamic Conference which they entrusted, in absolute priority, with liberating Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa from Zionist occupation.

Six months after that historical meeting, i.e. in Muharram 1390H (March 1970), the First Islamic Conference of Ministers of Foreign Affairs held in Jeddah set up a permanent General Secretariat, to ensure a liaison among Member States and charged it to coordinate their action. The Conference appointed its Secretary General and chose Jeddah as the Headquarters of the Organization, pending the liberation of Jerusalem, which would be the permanent Headquarters.

Two and a half years after Rabat, in Muharram 1392H (February 1972), the Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers, meeting in its Third Session, adopted the Charter of the Organization, whose purpose is to strengthen solidarity and cooperation among Islamic States in the political, economic, cultural, scientific and social fields.

Under the Charter, the Organization aims to:

1. Strengthen:

a) Islamic solidarity among Member States;
b) Cooperation in the political, economic, social, cultural and scientific fields:
c) The struggle of all Muslim people to safeguard their dignity, independence and national rights.

2. Coordinate action to:

a) Safeguard the Holy Places;
b) Support the struggle of the Palestinian people and assist them in recovering their rights and liberating their occupied territories.

3. Work to:

a) Eliminate racial discrimination and all forms of colonialism;
b) Create a favorable atmosphere for the promotion of cooperation and understanding between Member States and other countries.

The Charter also enumerates principles which OIC Member States undertake to inspire themselves from, in order to achieve the objectives of the Organization.

The Charter also enumerates the principles governing OIC activities, namely:

1. Full equality among Member States
2.Observation of the right to self determination and non-interference in the internal affairs of Member States
3. Observation of the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of each State
4.The settlement of any dispute that might arise among Member States by peaceful means such as negotiations, mediation, conciliation and arbitration
5. A pledge to refrain, in relations among Member States, from resorting to force or threatening to resort to the use of force against the unity and territorial integrity or the political independence of any one of them

In order to achieve its objectives, the Organization has main bodies, secondary organs, institutions and specialized committees.

The Islamic Conference is composed of the following main bodies

The Conference of Kings and Heads of State and Government, is the supreme authority of the Organization which meets once every three years to lay down the Organization's policy

The Conference of Foreign Ministers, which meets once a year to examine a progress report on the implementation of its decisions taken within the framework of the policy defined by the Islamic Summit

The General Secretariat, which is the executive organ of the Organization, entrusted with the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies.

In order to coordinate and boost its action, align its view points and stands, and be credited with concrete results in the various fields of cooperation: political, economic, cultural, social, spiritual and scientific, among Member States, the Organization has created different committees, nearly all, at ministerial level, a number of which are chaired by Heads of State. The Al-Quds Committee, the Standing Committee for Information and Cultural Affairs (COMIAC), the Standing Committee for Economic and Trade Cooperation (COMCEC), the Standing Committee for Scientific and Technical Cooperation (COMSTECH) and the Islamic Peace Committee are the ones Chaired by Heads of State. Fourteen Committees which have been thus established, deal with other important issues such as Palestine, the Sahel, Afghanistan, Kashmir etc.

The number and types of secondary organs and institutions, working toward the achievement of the OIC objectives, have been steadily increasing, and cover various areas of cultural, scientific, economic, legal, financial, sports, technological, educational, media, as well as vocational, social and humanitarian. Depending on their degree of autonomy vis-a-vis the parent organization, they are classified as subsidiary and specialized organs, or affiliated institutions.

Last but not least, it is worth mentioning that by the 3rd year of the World Decade for Cultural Development launched by the United Nations in 1988 under the auspices of UNESCO - the Organization of the Islamic Conference had built Islamic Colleges, and Cultural Institutes and Centres to spread Islamic culture and dispense the Teaching of Arabic, the language of the Holy Qur'an, as well as other languages.

Pakistan's Role In the OIC

Pakistan with its legacy rooted in the Islamic faith and its consistent support for Muslim causes, as well as in response to the overwhelming public support for the cause of liberation of Al-Quds Al-Sharif, was a founding member of the OIC in 1969.

Relations with the Islamic world are the corner stone of foreign policy of Pakistan. As a founding member of the OIC Pakistan has an abiding commitment to the purposes, principles and objectives of its Charter. Pakistan has played an important role in strengthening cooperation among Muslim States by its active participation in the programmes and activities of the OIC. The efforts by Pakistan have received due acknowledgment in the OIC signified by its membership of all key OIC's Specialized Committees and Contact Groups on critical issues of the Islamic world - Palestine, Afghanistan, Jammu & Kashmir, Bosnia, Kosovo and Sahel.

Pakistan is the Chairman of the OIC Standing Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH) which has its Headquarters in Islamabad. Pakistan also host the Secretariat of the Islamic Chamber of Commerce and Industry( ICCI). The Office of the OIC's Secretary General's Special Representative on Afghanistan is based in Islamabad.

The Headquarters of the Islamic Telecommunication Union would also be established in Islamabad. Pakistan is the Chairman of the Council and the Executive Committee of the Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States (PUOICM).

Mr. Sharif-ud-Din Pirzada a noted Lawyer and a former Foreign Minister of Pakistan served as the Secretary General of the OIC from 1984 to 1988 . Pakistan is a member of all OIC subsidiary, affiliated and specialized Organs.

Pakistan hosted the second Islamic Summit Conference in Lahore on 22nd to 24th February 1974. Pakistan also hosted the Second Conference of the OIC Foreign Ministers (ICFM) held in Karachi from 26th to 28 December 1970, Eleventh ICFM in Islamabad from 17th to 22nd May 1980 and the Twenty-first ICFM held in Karachi on 25th to 29th April 1993. The Special Sessions of the OIC Foreign Ministers Conference in 1980 and in 1994 were also held in Pakistan.

To commemorate Fifty years of the Independence of Pakistan an Extra-ordinary Session of the Islamic Summit was held in Islamabad on 23rd March 1997. A large number of the Islamic Heads of State and Government, in a grand gesture of solidarity with Pakistan attended the Summit meeting and conveyed their full support to the sovereignty, political independence and territorial integrity of Pakistan on this auspicious occasion.


MEMBERS OF THE OIC

visit:http://www.pakboi.gov.pk/

OBSERVERS

visit:http://www.pakboi.gov.pk/

For further details please visit http://www.oic-oci.org
Islamic Summit Conference

10th PUTRAJAYA - MALAISIE
20 - 21 CHAABANE 1424 H (16 -17 OCTOBRE 2003)
9th DOHA, STATE OF QATAR
16 - 17 SHA’BAN 1421H (12-13 NOVEMBER 2000 )
8th TEHRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
9-11 SHA’ABAN 1418H (9-11 DECEMBER, 1997)
7th CASABLANCA, KINGDOM OF MOROCCO
11-13 RAJAB 1415H (13-15 DECEMBER, 1994)
6th DAKAR, REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL
3-5 JUMADA II 1412H (9-11 DECEMBER, 1991)
5th KUWAIT, THE STATE OF KUWAIT
26-29 JAMADA AL OULA 14O7 H ( 26-29 JANUARY 1987 )
4th Casablanca, Kingdom of Morocco
13-16 RABIUL THANI 14O4 H ( 16-19 JANUARY 1984 )
3rd Makkah Al Mokarramah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
19-22 RABI AL-AWAL 1401 H. 25-28 JANUARY 1981
2nd LAHORE, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
29 MOHARRAM- 1st SAFAR 1394 H. 22 - 24 FEBRUARY 1974
1st Rabat, Kingdom of Morocco
RAJAB 1389 H. - SEPTEMBER 1969
3rd Extra Makka Almukarrma , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
5-6 DHUL QA'ADAH 1426H (7-8 DECEMBER 2005)
2ed Extra DOHA, STATE OF QATAR
2 Muharram 1424H (5 March 2003 )
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Default Eco Submits

Objective

ECO Summit is a forum which provides requisite political support of the member states at the highest level to the goals and objectives of the Organization to undertake activities for the welfare and wellbeing of the 350 millions people of the region.

ECO Summits since 1992

8th ECO Summit

(September 14, 2004, Dushanbe, Tajikistan)
Dushanbe Declaration

The 8th ECO Summit was held on September 14, 2004, in Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan with the participation of H.E. Mr. Hamid Karzai, President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan, H.E. Mr. Artur Rasi-Zade, Prime Minister of the Republic of Azerbaijan, H.E. Mr. Seyed Mohammad Khatami, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, H.E. Mr. Daniyal Akhmetov, Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan, H.E. Mr. Askar Akaev, President of the Kyrgyz Republic, H.E. Mr. Shaukat Aziz, Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, H.E. Mr. Emomali Rakhmonov, President of the Republic of Tajikistan, H.E. Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey, H.E. Mr. Rejep Saparov, Deputy Chairman of Peoples’ Council of Turkmenistan, H.E. Mr. Erkin Khalilov, Chairman of the Oliy Majlis (Parliament) of Republic of Uzbekistan.

At the end of the meeting Dushanbe Declaration was adopted. In Dushanbe Declaration, the summit welcoming the finalization of the ECO Trade Agreement (ECOTA) calls upon Member States to sign and ratify this agreement expeditiously and decides to establish a “Free Trade Area in the ECO region by 2015”, as a high priority task for the Organization and it has also emphasized that the urgency of early ratification and implementation of the Transit Transport Framework Agreement (TTFA) for the promotion of trade and transport within ECO region. The hard work put in by the Eminent Persons Group (EPG) has been recognized and it has been decided that the proposal for ECO Vision 2015 to be further considered and to be submitted to the next COM.

In the Summit meeting the representatives of the number of International Organizations participated and Mr. Kim Hak-Su, Executive Secretary, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) made a statement. The ECO Awards 2004 have been distributed by the President of the Republic of Tajikistan among the 9 winners from ECO Member States. The offer of Republic of Azerbaijan to hold the 9th Summit meeting was appreciated by all the participants.

7th ECO Summit

(October 14, 2002, Istanbul, Turkey)
Istanbul Declaration

The 7th Summit meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), held on October 14, 2002 in Istanbul, Turkey, was chaired by H.E. Mr. Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President of the Republic of Turkey and attended by H.E. Mr. Hamid Karzai, President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan, H.E. Mr. Heydar Aliyev, President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, H.E. Mr. Seyed Mohammad Khatami, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, H.E. Mr. Kassymzhomart Tokaev, Secretary of State-Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, H.E. Mr. Askar Akaev, President of the Kyrgyz Republic, H.E. General Pervez Musharraf, President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, H.E. Mr. Emomali Rakhmonov, President of the Republic of Tajikistan, H.E. Mr. Recep Saparov, Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, H.E. Mr. Erkin Khalilov, Chairman of the Oliy Majlis (Parliament) of the Republic of Uzbekistan. H.E. Ambassador Seyed Mojtaba Arastou, Secretary General of ECO also attended the meeting.

H.E. Seyed Mohammad Khatami, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Chairman of the 6th ECO Summit meeting opened the meeting and invited H.E. Mr. Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President of the Republic of Turkey to take over the Chairmanship of the 7th ECO Summit meeting. The Chairman’s election was applauded as an expression of unanimity and followed by welcoming remarks and the inaugural statement of the President of the Republic of Turkey.

The Heads of State/Government/Delegation delivered their statements. The Heads/Representatives of UN Agencies and other regional & international organizations such as UN-ESCAP, IDB, UNICEF, UNODCCP, UNCTAD, ITC, ICARDA, BSEC, COMCEC and D-8 attended the 7th Summit.
H.E. Mr. Antonio Maria Costa, Executive Director of the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (UNODCCP), H.E. Prof. Dr. Adel El-Beltagy, Director General, International Centre for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), H.E. Ambassador Valeri Chechelashvili, Secretary General, Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), H.E. Ambassador Ayhan Kamel, Executive Director of the Developing-8 Countries (D-8) and Dr. Mehmet GUNAL, Acting Deputy Undersecretary, State Planning Organization of Turkey, for Standing Committee for Commercial & Economic Cooperation of OIC (COMCEC) read out their messages/statements.

6th ECO Summit 2000

The Sixth ECO Summit held in Tehran on June 10, 2000 reaffirmed its commitment towards increasing economic, technical, scientific, educational and cultural fields. The Summit also highlighted the importance of development of basic infrastructure in the priority fields of cooperation. It stressed the need to come up with the plan to meet the requirements, keeping in view regional/global changes taking place around to materialize objectives of the Organization.

The Summit called upon the member states for expeditious ratification and early implementation of all signed agreements and in particular the ECO Transit Transport Framework Agreement and the ECO Framework Agreement on Trade Co-operation. It endorsed decisions of the 9th and 10th Council of Ministers Meeting held in Baku and Tehran in May 1999 and June 2000 respectively. The Summit called for co-operation in Mineral Sector, Agriculture, Industry, Tourism, Human Development as well as in Information Technology through establishment of an ECO-Intra Regional Network. It urged for further strengthening of co-operation in culture field by making operational relevant institutions. The Summit expressed its satisfaction on setting up a High Level Experts Group to identify feasible ECO Oil and Gas Pipeline Routes.

5th ECO Summit 1998

The fifth ECO Summit was held on May 11, 1998, in Almaty (Kazakhstan) and endorsed the decisions of 7th and 8th meetings of the Council of Ministers held in Tehran (April 1997 and May 1998 respectively) as well as the recommendation of 2nd Ministerial meeting of Transport and Communications held at Ashgabat in March 1998. At the end of the meeting Almaty Declaration was adopted. The Meeting also witnessed the signing of the Charter of ECO Educational Institute, the MOU on Cooperation against smuggling and Customs Frauds and the Transit Transport Framework Agreement (TTFA) to facilitate smooth flow of goods and passenger traffic. Summit also called for expansion of mutual co-operation in agriculture and industrial sectors and formulation of specific proposals/projects in this regard to be implemented either by joint efforts or with the assistance of FAO and UNIDO. It further called upon the member states to focus attention on the priority areas for co-operation.

Extraordinary ECO Summit 1997


An extraordinary Summit was held at Ashgabat on May 14, 1997 and adopted the Programme of Action for ECO Transport and Communication and Energy as an urgent and priority goal. The Summit covered a wide range of prospects and stressed for their speedy and timely completion.

4th ECO Summit 1996

The 4th ECO Summit meeting was held on May 14, 1996 in Ashgabat, (Turkmenistan). The meeting adopted the Ashgabat Declaration and witnessed the signing of the an MOU on the Reorganization and Restructuring of ECO and an agreement between the Government of Islamic Republic of Iran and ECO relating to the Rights, Privileges and Immunities of the ECO Secretariat.

3rd ECO Summit 1995

The 3rd ECO Summit meeting was held on May 14-15, 1995, in Islamabad (Pakistan) and endorsed the decision of the 4th and the 5th Council of Ministers meeting held in Tehran and Ashgabat in January 1994 and 1995 respectively. At the end of the meeting, the Islamabad declaration was adopted. The Third ECO Summit also witnessed the signing of ECO Transit Trade Agreement, Agreement on Simplification of Visa Procedures for the Businessmen of ECO Countries, the Agreement and Articles of Association of the ECO Shipping Company, the Agreement and Articles of Association of ECO Air, Articles of the Agreement of the ECO Trade and Development Bank, MOU on ECO Reinsurance Company, Charter of the ECO Culture Institute and the Charter of ECO Science Foundation. The Summit also approved MOU for co-operation between ECO and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and an MOU for co-operation between ECO and United Nations Drug Control Programme (UNDCP).

The Summit agreed to intensify co-operation among member states in all sectors particularly infrastructural links (transport and communication) trade and investment facilitation, energy and ecology and protection of environment. The Summit stressed for effective follow up of all the approved plans by incorporating them in national, bilateral and regional arrangements. The Summit also welcomed the establishment of Supreme Audit Institution and to celebrate 28th November the day of expansion of Organization as ECO Day to commemorate 1995-2004 as the decade of Transport and Communication in the ECO region and desired for expeditious execution of projects in these sectors.

2nd ECO Summit 1993

The second ECO Summit meeting was held in July, 1993 in Istanbul, (Turkey). The meeting endorsed the Quetta Plan of Action and ECO Long-term Perspectives (Istanbul Declaration) as adopted by ECO Council of Ministers. At the end of the meeting, a Joint Communiqué was adopted which called for mobilizing human and natural resources of the region and for collaboration with international bodies and regional grouping. The Istanbul Declaration of July 1993 laid down foundations for a long Term Perspective Plan of ECO which:

defined the basic goals to be achieved through regional co-operation by year 2000 in already defined fields;
agreed on a long term perspective on the crucial role of the free enterprise and to ensure maximum participation of the private sector;
called for development of modern and efficient infrastructure with emphasis on transport sector linking member states but also providing access to other areas of the world;
promotion of scientific, technical and cultural co-operation on most favourable terms and enhance economic and commercial ties through exhibition, border market, free trade industry zone, multimodal transport company and promotion of tourism;
signed an agreement between the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Economic Co-operation Organization (ECO) relating to the Rights, Privileges and Immunities of the staff of ECO Secretariat.

1st ECO Summit 1992

The 1st ECO Summit meeting was held on February, 16-17 1992 in Tehran-Iran and made the following main decisions:

Endorsement of the Preferential Tariff Agreement with the sole purpose to promote intra-regional trade through efforts aimed at ultimate elimination of all tariff and non-tariff barriers on export;

underlined the importance of co-operation in transport, communication, energy, industrial and agriculture areas and directed COM to work on it;

stressed the need for an infrastructure development to strengthen strong economic ties among the member states and linking them with the outside world;

The first ceremony of ECO awards in the field of social, natural science and fine arts was held;

Summit welcomed the admission of new member Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan; and

Summit also decided to allowed limited participation in economic, cultural and technical activities of Turkish Muslim community in Cyprus in

ECO.Introduction to Winners of:ECO Excellence Award – 2004

(Dushanbe/Tajikistan - September 14, 2004)

Professor Shah Mohammad Maiwandi from the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan - Winner of Award in the field of Science & Technology

Professor Shah Mohammad Maiwandi was born in 1942. He graduated from Ebn-e-Sina College and entered the faculty of Geology in the Kabul University. He got the degree of Ph.D. from the University of Leningrad (St. Petersburg). He served the Ministry of Mines and Industries in Kabul. He was Chief Researcher and the President Encyclopedic Center. He has 29 scientific literary works on different subjects.

Mr. Arif Djalal oglu Pashayev from the Republic of Azerbaijan - Winner of Award in the field of Science & Technology

Mr. Arif Mir Djalal oglu Pashayev was born in 1934 in Baku. He received scientific degree of the doctor of physical and mathematical sciences in 1978. The basic directions of scientific works of Mr. Pashaev are physics and techniques of semiconductors. He has created scientific bases of studying of substances with application of electromagnetic waves of high and ultrahigh frequencies. The methods created by him and devices were applied with success in aviation industry, mechanical engineering and shipbuilding etc.

Since 1996, Mr. Arif Mir Pashayev is the rector of National Academy of Aviation of the State Concern “Azerbaijan Airlines”. Under the Decree of the President of the Azerbaijan Republic for merits in development of the Azerbaijan science has been awarded with “GLORY” order. He is the author of more than 15 books and monographies and more than 300 scientific articles.

Dr. S. Ahmad Reza Jalali Naini from the Islamic Republic of Iran - Winner of Award in the field of Economics

Dr. Jalali Naini is Ph.D (Economics) from the University of Kent, Canterbury. He is Director of Center for Monetary Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Senior Adviser and Director of Financial and Energy Markets Department, International Institute for Energy Studies Tehran.

He served as Chairman of the Department of Economics at the Institute for Studies in Management and Planning from 2000 to April 2004. He also served at various positions such as Adviser at the Institute for Banking, Tehran, Member of the Scientific Council, Central Bank of Iran and Director of Foreign Exchange Research, The Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Tehran etc. He has written Research Papers and Publications in the field of Economics.

Mr. Mukhtarbai Otelbaev from the Republic of Kazakhstan - winner of Award in the field of Science & Technology.

Mr. Mukhtarbai Otelbaev is a member of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, doctor of physics-mathematical sciences, professor. He was born in 1942. He defended his candidate dissertation in 1972 and doctoral in 1978.

Mr. Otelbayev’s range of interests includes spectral theory of differential operators with non-smooth coefficients, theory of functional classes, general theory of boundary value problems, separability theory and integral operators. He contributed in the development of mathematics, for which he was awarded to the prize of the Department of physics-mathematical sciences of AS of USSR in 1990. He published 200 scientific papers and monographs. He is a member of several specialized Councils on defence of doctoral thesis.

Prof. Mrs. Akaeva Mayram Duyshenovna from the Kyrgyz Republic - Winner of Award in the field of Education

Prof. Mrs. Mayram Akaeva is the First Lady of the Kyrgyz Republic. She was born in 1947. She got her education from the Leningrad Technological Institute (St. Petersburg). She has professional background of Leningrad Institute of Textile and Light Industry (St. Petersburg), Frunze Poly-technical Institute, and Kyrgyz State National University.

She is the Chairperson of the “Meerim” International Charity Fund for the Support of Childhood and Maternity, a President of International Fund “SOS Children’s Villages – Kyrgyzstan”, a President of an Association of Schools and Clubs of UNESCO in the Kyrgyz Republic. At the initiative of Prof. Mrs. Mairam Akaeva several programs have been implemented in Kyrgyz Republic. Some of them are: Children’s educational museum in Bishkek, 52 educational centers, Youth Center for development of orphan children, Social Center for Children-invalids, “Support of rural women through micro-crediting”, “Support of rural libraries” etc. Prof. Mrs. Mayram Akaeva is an author of more than 30 books/publications. Her famous books are “Starts of Science”, “Archimed and others”, and “A hope has not nights”.

Mr. Enver Sajjad from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan - winner for Award in the field of History, Culture, Literature and Fine Arts

Mr. Enver Sajjad was born in Lahore-Pakistan in 1935. He completed his education from Liverpool University, England in 1965. He received President of Pakistan Award Pride of Performance in Literature in 1989. He served as Visiting Professor in Pakistan National College of Arts and University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan. He produced and directed innumerable plays for stage, radio and television since 1958. He is widely acclaimed and regarded by renowned critics as “The Architect of Modern Urdu Fiction, translated in major foreign languages and is included in major anthologies. He has a vast experience of performing arts at stage, radio and television. He is Head of Script and Creative Writing Department, GEO Television Network, Pakistan. Mr. Enver Sajjad has written 14 publications (Novel, short stories and anthology of poetry etc).

Prof. Mrs. Dr. Aysel Atimtay from the Republic of Turkey - Winner of Award in the field of Agriculture & Environment

Prof. Dr. Aysel Atimtay was born in 1944 in Turkey. She did her Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the Hacettepe University, Ankara and Post Doctoral Studies from the University of Cambridge. She served at various positions such as Research Engineer, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Professor and Head of the Environmental Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.

Prof. Atimtay works in the area of “Energy and Environment” within the field of Environmental Engineering. She is specialized in “Air Pollution Assessment and Control” from various combustion systems. She also works on the sorbent development for adsorption of Hydrogen Sulfide from coal gas or from industrial waste gases. She has more than 100 articles and publications.

Mr. Bobo Sanginov from the Republic of Tajikistan - winner of Award in the field of Agriculture & Environment

Mr. Bobo Sanginov is President of the Agrarian Academy of the Republic of Tajikistan. He was born in 1935 in Tajikistan. He did his M.Sc. (Soil Agronomy) from the Agrarian University of Tajikistan and Ph.D. from the National Academy of Sciences in Breeding of Long Stable Cotton Varieties. Pollution & disease and cotton plant breeding are his areas of specialization. He has professional affiliations with the Tajik Agrarian Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan. He developed 13 cotton varieties. He published more than 200 publications, mainly in Russian language. He got Award of Lenin Komsomol and State Award named after Avisenna.

Mr. Bekhzod Sadikovich Yuldashev of the Republic of Uzbekistan - winner of Award in the field of Science & Technology

Mr. Bekhzod Yuldashev is the President of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan and Director General of the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences. He was born in 1945 in Tashkent. He served as Member of Parliament of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2000. He served as Scientist, Head of the Laboratory, Corresponding Member, Head of Nuclear Department and Academician at the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences. He was awarded State Order “Shukhrat” in 2003 and State Prize for Science and Technology in 1983. He has more than 250 articles including publications in foreign scientific magazines.
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ECO Calendar of Events/Meetings
( For years: 2006 - 2007 )


Up to the February 2006

A. Trade & Investment

B. Transport & Communications

C. Energy, Minerals & Environment

D. Agriculture, Industry and Tourism

E. Human Resources and Sustainable Development

F. Project Research and Economic Research & Statistics

G. Specialized Agencies / Regional Institutions

H. Meetings of the Decision Making Organs of ECO

I. Meeting of the ECO Audit Board

Upcoming ECO Meetings

9th ECO Summit and 16th COM Meeting

ECO-IDB-FAO Workshop on Sustainable Agricultural Development

Seminar on Watershed Rehabilitation & Seminar on Ecotourism
1st Meeting of High Level Experts Group (HLEG) on Tourism

3rd Meeting of the Board of Trustees (BOT) of the ECO Cultural Institute

14th meeting of the Directors General of National Telecommunication Companies of the ECO member states

High Level Experts meeting on Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Workshop on Postal Security

9th ECO Summit and 16th COM Meeting


The 9th Summit meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) will be held in Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan, on 2-5 May 2006. As is customary, it will be preceded by the 16th meeting of Council of Ministers (COM) and Senior Officials’ meeting in Baku. COM is the main organ of the ECO which decides/approve the guidelines for the Organization. Heads of State/Government and Foreign Ministers of ECO countries, along with their delegations, and the heads of some International & Regional Organizations, will be participating for these important events. In additional to that it will also be represented by the heads of ECO Cultural Institute, ECO College of Insurance, ECO Consultancy & Engineering Company and ECO Chamber of Commerce. Besides that the ECO Secretary-General along with Secretariat’s delegation will also be present in all these events.

Preparatory Documents for SOM, 16th COM and 9th Summit can be viewed in the members area.

For further details please visit: http://www.ecosecretariat.org
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