Originally Posted by Maryam Wazir

please senior help me in contexual meaning also how I will attempt it in exam as, for example decade means 10 years so how it would be its meaning in context..


For [decade] and half after WWII , there was [optimism] in the world that we had solved, or that technology would help us solve, the old problems of hunger, disease, illiteracy-- even [intolerance] . But in 1970s two new realities have become all too clear: one, technological progress has created new problems like pollution, unequal distribution of the benefits pf modernity and an uneasiness about the world we have created; and two, this advance has affected only about a quarter of world's people . The other 75 percent is still involved in the old and [bitter] struggles; This is the world of underdeveloped nations.

The picture of this underdeveloped world is a [grim] one.The majority of its population lives without what are considered the [barest] essentials in the Western world. There is a [precarious] balance between the amount of food available and the number of mouths to be fed; disease usually results in early death or permanent [debilitation]. [Vagrant] children fight the flies for food in the streets of Tehran; in calcutta there are homeless masses whose only sleeping places are the city's streets and sidewalks. For a billion and three-quarter inhabitants of south Asia, the annual per capita income is only a little more than $100-- less then the increase in earnings.reported in 1969 by the north atlantic communities. In 1950, the lower two-third of the world's population earned only 13 percent of the total world income; by 1970 this share had fallen to below 11 percent. This situation in brief, grows worse,not better.

Most of the underdeveloped lies in the southern and eastern parts of globe, but it has not always been thus; for centuries Europe looked to the east for riches,and the [misery] and poverty now [epidemic] in Africa were not known 200 years ago. The reasons for this tragic [transition] are various, chief among them the population problem, the food crisis, and the [aftermath] of [colonialism].

Originally Posted by Maryam Wazir

Q1: Translate the following into urdu.
(i). He had been afriad to fly with them.
(ii). The Hollands Operate a self sufficient farm.
(iii). In other, words, you are calling me a tyrant.
(iv) There is some inflammation of the gums.
(v). If you can't be a bush, be a bit of grass.

(B). translate into english.
1) Ache taleb-e-alim(students) hamesha saht mehnat krte hn.
2). Shor mat kro bache soo rhe hn.
3). kiya larke(boys) 2 gante se mosiki(music) soon rhe hn?.
4).Mere abba kal suba wapis ayenge.
5).Ham guzishta mah(month) lahore gya thy..

Q2. Change the voice of the following.
i).He is liked by all.
2).the cat drank all the milk.
3).Have you given her the pen?.
4).What will you have for the supper?.
5).He is being watched by the police.

(B) Fill in the blanks with proper propositions.
i).Faisalabad is famous…………its textile industry.
2).He was killed…………the robbers.
3). I haven't seen him……………August.
4).He didn't carry…………my orders.
5). she turned…………the request.

Plzzzzz solve it kindly,,,,,,!

Originally Posted by zia bugvi

I feel you are making yourself confused over some supossed occlut meaning of the bracket words i.e, contexual meaning- meaning, more or less, stays the same, the sentence usually gives you idea about the sense in which the word is used...here Decade means exactly the 10 years, Optimism-to expect the best in all situations and same goes for the other such words.

Originally Posted by Maryam Wazir

thanks but Our teachers have told us to like that. example of.decade is a simple one which meaning couldn't be changed. give me an example form rest of other words , epidemic which means unsteady or unstable but contexual meaning will be???

Originally Posted by zia bugvi

i got it, Epidemic means a sudden outbreak of some disease it doesnt mean unsteady....so other than that it can also be used to inidcate something bad occuring at a rapid pace, like unemployment rate in the country is reaching epidemic proportions.