(Below is the original passage from 1992 precis and composition paper.)


Throughout the ages of human development men have been subject to miseries of two kinds: those imposed by external nature, and, those that human beings misguidedly inflicted upon each other. At first, by far the worst evils were those that were due to the environment. Man was a rare species, whose survival was precarious. Without the agility of the monkey, without any coating of fur, he has difficulty in escaping from wild beasts, and in most parts of the world could not endure the

winter’s cold. He had only two biological advantages: the upright posture freed his hands, and intelligence enabled him to transmit experience.Gradually these two advantages gave him supremacy. The numbers of the human species increased beyond those of any other large mammals. But nature could still assert her power by means of flood and famine an pestilence and by exacting from the great majority of mankind incessant toil in the securing of daily bread.In our own day our bondage to external nature is fast diminishing, as a result of the growth of scientific intelligence. Famines and pestilence still occur, but we know-better, year by year, what should be done to prevent them. Hard work is still necessary, but only because we are unwise:given peace and co-operation, we could subsist on a very moderate amount of toil. With existing technique, we can, whenever we choose to exercise wisdom, be free of many ancient- forms -of bondage to external nature.But the evils that men inflict upon each other have not diminished in the same degree.There are still wars, oppressions, and hideous cruelties, and greedy men still snatch wealth from those who are less skilful or less ruthless than themselves. Love of power still leads to vast tyrannies, or to mere obstruction when its grosser forms are impossible. And fear-deep -scarcely conscious fear — is still the dominant motive in very many lives.

Man had to face troubles by external nature and his fellow beings in earliest period of times.He had enabled to overcome difficulties with the help of free hands and intelligence for securing his daily bread.Now-a-days,external nature can be reduced through scientific method and hard work but in case of fellow being, it is difficult to rooted out it because of lust for power still leads to oppression and wars.

Title:Cause of Miseries in Human Development
OR
Miseries in Human life

Kindly,Its a humble request to check my precis and tell me is it better or not?.
I have a question that whole title's first word should be in capital letters or not? For example
Causes of Miseries in Human Development

EXAMINATION 1991
Generally, European trains still stop at borders to change locomotives and staff. This is often necessary. The German and French voltage systems are incompatible. Spain — though not Portugal — has a broad gauge track. English bridges are lower than elsewhere, and passengers on German trains would need a ladder to reach French platforms, twice as high as their own. But those physical constraints pale in comparison to an even more formidable barrier — national chauvinism. While officials in Brussels strive for an integrated and efficiently run rail network to relieve the Continent’s gorged roads and airways, and cut down on pollution, three member countries —France, Germany and Italy—are working feverishly to develop their own expensive and mutually incompatible high-speed trains.


European trains had to exchange their engines and staff because of National chauvinism and differences in voltage system and broad guage. Brussal tried to run better rail network and control on pollution.France,Germany and Italy are working hard to develop their own expensive ad mutually high speed- train.

Title:National Chauvinism in Europe

Let me clear this point,precis should be in past tense.In above lines France,Germany and Italy what should be? are or were

Requested to all seniors please check out my precis and guide me in your best way. Thakyou so much

Seniors,kindly point out my mistakes from above two precis.i shall be very thankful to you

Title : Manto's approach towards sexism
Precis: Manto feced criticism as self centered and fake personality. They labeled him vulgar and questioned his wirings against the moral values of the society. But their criticism did not stop Manto. Manto wanted to reveal mysteries of sex from intangible to tangible, specially for Small classes and those involved in prostitution.
I'm Manto's opinion man is a mixture of good and evil. He was well aware of soil behavior of humans. He maintained a relationship with his readdress on a special social issue. As a professional he used vulgarity carefully without being be vulgar in his writing. Manto's projected the anxiety of both men and women.

In my opinion its 12/20. Elaborate it a little bit and use synonyms where ever possible.