Friday, April 19, 2024
12:42 AM (GMT +5)

Go Back   CSS Forums > CSS Compulsory Subjects > English (Precis & Composition)

Reply Share Thread: Submit Thread to Facebook Facebook     Submit Thread to Twitter Twitter     Submit Thread to Google+ Google+    
 
LinkBack Thread Tools Search this Thread
  #1  
Old Sunday, January 06, 2019
jdiqbal89's Avatar
Member
 
Join Date: Oct 2013
Location: Peshawar
Posts: 42
Thanks: 9
Thanked 1 Time in 1 Post
jdiqbal89 is on a distinguished road
Default Genral MCQS

1-2018 fifa worldcup is in Russia*
2-Leap year comes after 4 years*
3-Kaleem ul allah is the title of Hazrat Musa a.s*
4-Distance of moom from earth is 384,400km
*5-Abu Sufyan embraced islam after fateh makah 8 hijri*
*6-National flower of Pak is jasmine*
*7-National bird is chakor(patridge)*
8-National animal is markhor
*9-War of independence 1857 *
10-Hindi Urdu controversy 1867
*11-Establishment of Indian national congress 1885*
12-Aligarh school 1875
13-Aligarh school raised to status of college 1877 and raised to the status of universty in 1920
*14-Brazil is the only team who won 5 fifa worldcups and played consecutive 21 editions of Fifa*
*15-Establishment of All India muslim league 1906*
*16-Partition of Bengal 1905 by lord curzon*
17-Annulement of partition in 1911
*18-Lucknow pact 1916*
*19-Montague Chelmsford reforms 1919*
20-Minto morley reforms 1909
*21-Khilafat Movement 1919-1924*
*22-Simon Commission 1927*
23-Nehru reprt 1928
24-Quaid e Azam 14 points 1929
25-Allahabad adress 1930
26-Roundtable conferences 1930-32
*27-Government of India act 1935*
*28-Chora Chori incident 1922*
29-Cripps mission 1942
30-Cabinet Mission 1946
*31-Jinnah Ghandi talks 1942*
32-Direct action day 1946
33-Deliverance day 1939
*34-Simla Deputation 1945*
35-Simla Conference 1944
36-3rd june plan 1947
37-separation 1947
*38-Radcliffe award 17 august 1947*
39-India cut water supply in 1948
*40-Indus basin traty 1960
*41-Indo pak war 1965 which lasted for 17 days*
*42-Separation of east pakistan 1971*
43-Kargil war 1999
44-world trade centre attack 9/11
*45-Youm e takbeer 28 may 1998*
46-Swat operation 2009
47-Operation Zarb e Azb 2013
*48-Pakistan won ICC champions trophy 2017*
49-last Census 2017
50-Nawaz Sharif disqualified 2017
51-Current President Mamnoon Hussain
52-Current Prime Minister Justice r Nasir ul Mulk
53-Current Army cheif General Qamar Javed Bajwa
54-Current Air cheif ..Air cheif marshall Mujahid Ali
A SUMMARY OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
1: Number of Bones 206
2: Number of Muscles 639
3: Number of Kidneys 2
4: Number of Milk Teeth 20
5: Number of Ribs 24 (12 pair)
6: Number of Heart Chamber 4
7: Largest artery Aorta
8: Normal blood pressure 120/80mmHg
9: Ph of Blood 7.4
10: Number of vertebrae in the Spine 33
11: Number of vertebrae in the Neck 7
12: Number of Bones in Middle Ear 6
13: Number of Bones in Face 14
14: Number of Bones in Skull 22
15: Number of Bones in Chest 25
16: Number of Bones in Arms 6
17: Number of Muscles in Human Arm 72
18: Number of Pumps in Heart 2
19: Largest Organ Skin
20: Largest gland Liver
21: Biggest cell female Ovum
22: Smallest cell male Sperm
23: Smallest Bone Stapes
24: First transplanted Organ Heart
25: Average length of Small Intestine 7m
26: Average length of Large Intestine 1.5m
27: Average weight of new Born baby 2.6kg
28: Pulse rate in One Minute 72 times
29: Normal body temperature 37 C° (98.4 F°)
30: Average Blood Volume 4 to 5 liters
31: Life Span of RBC 120 days
32: Life Span of WBC 10 to 15 days
33: Pregnancy Period 280 days (40 week)
34: Number of Bones in Human Foot 33
35: Number of Bones in Each wrist 8
36: Number of Bones in Hand 27
37: Largest Endocrine gland Thyroid
38: Largest Lymphatic Organ Spleen
39: Largest part of Brain Cerebrum
40: Largest & Strongest Bone Femur
41: Smallest Muscle Stapedius (Middle Ear)
41: Number of Chromosome 46 (23 pair)
42: Number of Bones in new Born baby 306
43: Viscosity of Blood 4.5 to 5.5
44: Universal Donor Blood Group O
45: Universal Recipient Blood Group AB
46: Largest WBC Monocyte
47: Smallest WBC Lymphocyte
48: Increase RBC count called Polycethemia
49: Blood Bank in the Body is Spleen
50: Non Nucleated Blood cell is RBC
51: RBC produced in the Bone Marrow
52: River of Life is Called Blood
53: Normal Blood Cholesterol level 250mg/dl
54: Fluid part of Blood is Plasma
55: Normal Blood Sugar 100mg/dl

Sent from my T08 using Tapatalk
__________________
"Wa tu izzu man-ta shaa, wa tu zillu man-ta shaa"
Reply With Quote
  #2  
Old Sunday, January 06, 2019
jdiqbal89's Avatar
Member
 
Join Date: Oct 2013
Location: Peshawar
Posts: 42
Thanks: 9
Thanked 1 Time in 1 Post
jdiqbal89 is on a distinguished road
Default

1. The river Danube rises in which country?
Germany.
2. Which US state has the sugar maple as its state tree and is the leading US producer of maple sugar?
Vermont.
3. Which country is nicknamed ‘The Cockpit of Europe’ because of the number of battles throughout history fought on its soil?
Belgium.
4. What is the capital of Libya?
Tripoli.
5. Apart from French, German and Romansch, what is the fourth official language of the Switzerland?
Italian.
6. Which country is the world’s largest producer of coffee?
Brazil.
7. In which city was the world’s first underground train was service opened in 1863?
London.
8. How many pairs of ribs are there in the human body?
12.
9. Which country is separated form Ethiopia by the Red Sea?
Yemen.
10. What is the main port of Italy?
Genoa.
11. Mount Logan is the highest peak in which country?
Canada.
12. In which state is Harvard University?
New Jersey.
13. Which is larger: Norway or Finland?
Finland.
14. Which city was the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy until 1865?
Turin.
15. What is measured by an ammeter?
Electric current.
16. What is a rhinoceros horn made of?
Hair.
17. Which three countries, apart from the former Yugoslavia, share borders with Greece?
Albania, Bulgaria, Turkey.
18. The Palk Strait separates which two countries?
India and Sri Lanka.
19. Ga is the symbol for which element?
Gallium.
20. In the Greek alphabet, what is the name for the letter O?
Omicron.
21. What, in the 16th and 17th century, was a pavana?
A dance.
22. A nephron is the functional unit of which organ in the human body?
Kidney.
23. In which country is the ancient city of Tarsus?
Turkey.
24. The Khyber Pass links which two countries?
Afghanistan and Pakistan.
25. Name the six US states that comprise New England.
Rhode Island, Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and Massachusetts.
26. Which musical instrument is played by both exhaling and inhaling?
Harmonica (or mouth organ).
27. The northern part of which country is called Oesling?
Luxembourg.
28. Napier is a city in which country?
New Zealand.
29. What is the Hook of Holland?
A port in the southeast Netherlands,
30. The river Douro forms part of the border between which two countries?
Spain and Portugal.
31. In which country is the Great Slave Lake?
Canada.
32. Which six countries border the Black Sea?
Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine.
33. Kathmandu is the capital of which country?
Nepal.
34. What name is given to a mixture of bicarbonate of soda and tartaric acid used in cooking?
Baking powder.
35. AOL are an internet service provider. What does AOL stand for?
America Online.
36. Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming.
37. Which English queen had an extra finger on her hand?
Anne Boleyn.
38. Which precious metal has the symbol Pt?
Platinum.
39. The Gobi desert extends over which two countries?
China and Mongolia.
40. Apart from America, which is the only country in the world to which alligators are native?
China.
41. Which are the highest types of clouds: stratocumulus or cirrus?
Cirrus.
42. Which ancient measure of length was based on the length of the arm from fingertip to elbow?
Cubit.
43. After World War I, Transylvania became part of which country?
Romania.
44. Which sea in Northern Europe is bounded by several countries including Sweden, Finland, Poland and Germany?
The Baltic.
45. A road tunnel runs from Pelerins in France to Entreves in Italy under which mountain?
Mont Blanc.
46. The Barents Sea is part of which ocean?
Arctic.
47. Which two countries are either side of the mouth of the River Plate?
Argentina and Uruguay.
48. Quicklime is an alkaline powder obtained by strongly heating which other material?
Chalk.
49. What is the longest river solely in England?
Thames.
50. The Great Barrier Reef is off coast of which Australian state?
Queensland.
51. What is the name of the milky fluid obtained from trees which is used to produce rubber?
Latex.
52. Of what is entymology the study?
Insects.
53. Of where is Amman the capital?
Jordan.
54. How many innings are there for each team in a game of baseball?
Nine.
55. Which is the only mammal with the power of active flight?
Bat.
56. Which lower level of clouds are commonly called ‘rain clouds’?
Nimbus.
57. What is the longest river in India?
Ganges.
58. Which metallic element has the property of catching fire if dropped in hot water?
Sodium.
59. Which month of the year obtains its name from the Latin verb for ‘to open’?
April.
60. On what river does Rome stand?
Tiber.
61. Quantas is the national airline of which country?
Australia.
62. What in Scotland is the meaning of the prefix ‘Inver’?
River mouth.
63. Which US state has the lowest population?
Alaska.
64. Which county is nicknamed the Garden of England?
Kent.
65. Which African country was formerly called French Sudan?
Mali.
66. Which sport was originally called ‘soccer-in-water’?
Water polo.
67. Which unit of measurement is derived from the Arabic quirrat, meaning seed?
Carat.
68. Which Italian city was originally built on seven hills?
Rome.
69. What does the acronym NAAFI stand for?
Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes.
70. Dolomite is an ore of which metal?
Magnesium.
71. Manama is the capital of which country?
Bahrain.
72. On which river does Berlin stand?
River Spree.
73. What type of clock was invented in 1656 by Christian Huygens?
The pendulum clock.
74. In which desert is the world's driest place?
Atacama (Chile).
75. Which is the world's saltiest sea?
The Red Sea.
76. ...... and which is the least salty?
The Baltic Sea.
77. Which nun won the Nobel prize for peace in 1979?
Mother Teresa.
78. How many points in the pink ball worth in snooker?
Six.
79. Which scientist was named 'Person of the Century' by Time Magazine?
Albert Einstein.
80. What kind of creature is a monitor?
Lizard.
81. Which medical specialty is concerned with the problems and illnesses of children?
Pediatrics.
82. Who sailed in Santa Maria?
Christopher Columbus.
83. What name is given to the stiffening of the body after death?
Rigor mortis.
84. Which country was formerly known as Malagasy Republic?
Madagascar.
85. Addis Ababa is the capital of which country?
Ethiopia.
86. The name of which North African city literally means ‘white house’?
Casablanca.
87. Of what sort of fish is the dogfish a small variety?
Shark.
88. Which Asian country was divided at the 38th parallel after World War II?
Korea.
89. What is the name of the Winter Olympics event that combines cross-country skiing and shooting?
Biathlon.
90. Which American science-fiction writer wrote Fahrenheit 451?
Ray Bradbury.
91. For which powerful opiate is diamorphine the technical name?
Heroin.
92. How many dominoes are there in a normal set?
28.
93. Who was cartoonist who created Batman?
Bob Kane.
94. Aerophobia is a fear of flying, agoraphobia is a fear of open spaces, what is acrophobia a fear of?
Heights.
95. In computing, how is a modulator-demodulator more commonly known?
Modem.
96. An auger bit is used to drill what type of material?
Wood.
97. What part of the wheelbarrow is the fulcrum?
The wheel.
98. What C is a device used to determine small lengths, of which a vernier is one type?
Caliper.
99. Rip, chain and band are types of which tools?
Saw.
100. What calibrated tool was the standard tool for engineers and scientists prior to the invention of the hand-held calculator?
Slide rule.
101. What P is sometimes referred to as block and tackle?
Pulley.
102. For what purpose would a gardener use a dibber?
Making holes.
103. What J is a device used to raise an object too heavy to deal with by hand?
Jack.
104. Ball-pein, club, claw and bush are types of which tool?
Hammer.
105. Which African animal’s name means ‘river horse’?
Hippopotamus.
106. Which Indian religion was founded by Guru Nanak?
Sikhism.
107. What is the most distant of the giant planets?
Neptune.
108. What is the capital of Austria?
Vienna.
109. What in printing do the letters ‘u.c.’ stand for?
Upper case.
110. Which eye infection is sometimes called pinkeye?
Conjunctivitis.
111. What sort of creature is an iguana?
A lizard.
112. What, politically, does UDI stand for?
Unilateral declaration of independence.
113. Wagga Wagga is a city in which Australian state?
New South Wales.
114. Which Indian religion celebrated the 300th anniversary of its founding in 1999?
Sikhism.
115. What do the initials FBI stand for?
Federal Bureau of Investigation.
116. By what name is the fruit of the plant Ananas comosus known?
Pineapple.
117. Donnerstag is German for which day of the week?
Thursday.
118. What type of citrus fruit is a shamouti?
Orange.
119. Apiphobia is a fear of what?
Bees.
120. Which Asian capital city was known as Batavia until 1949?
Jakarta.
121. Which astronomical unit os distance is greater, a parsec or a light year?
A parsec.
122. The ancient city of Carthage is now in which country?
Tunisia.
123. What in Russia is Izvestia?
A newspaper.
124. Which is the world's windiest continent?
Antarctica.
125. In the book Treasure Island what is the name of the ship?
Hispaniola.
126. In which part of the body are the deltoid muscles?
Shoulder.
127. E is the international car registration letter for which country?
Spain.
128. Vienna stands on which river?
Danube.
129. What type of camel has two lumps?
Bactrian.
130. In the MG motor car, what do the letters MG stand for?
Morris Garages.
131. The name of which Roman god means 'shining father' in Latin?
Jupiter.
132. What is the central colour of a rainbow?
Green.
133. Which French city is a meeting place for the European Parliament?
Strasbourg.
134. What part of the body consists of the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum?
Small intestine.
135. Annapurna is a mountain in which mountain range?
Himalayas.
136. What kind of foodstuff is Monterey Jack? (It was also a cartoon's name
'What's for breakfast?'
187. What is the name of a person, plant or animal which shuns the light?
Lucifugous.
188. What, in field of optics, is biconvex?
A lens which is convex on both sides.
189. Which country was invaded in Iraq in 1980?
Iran.
190. What did Johann Galle discover in 1846?
Neptune.
191. What, in internet terminology, does SMTP stand for?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
192. How is October 24 1929 remembered?
Black Thursday.
193. The River Danube flows into which sea?
The Black Sea.
194. Which strait separates the North and South islands of New Zealand?
Cook Strait.
195. What, in internet terminology, does FTP stand for?
File Transfer Protocol.
196. Who wrote Black Beauty?
Anna Sewell.
197. What is the capital of Poland?
Warsaw.
198. Ice-cream was first produced in which country in the 17th century?
Italy.
199. In medicine, what does the acronym SARS stand for?
Severe Acute Respiratory System.
200. Which popular name for Netherlands is actually a low-lying region of the country?
Holland.
201. Which Shakepeare play was set in Elsinore Castle, Denmark?
Hamlet.
202. Who said: 'Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration'?
Edison.
203. The Kyukyu Island chain lies between which two countries?
Japan & Taiwan.
204. Which fibrous protein is the major constituent of hair, nails, feathers, beaks and claws?
Keratin.
205. Of which fruit is morello a variety?
Cherry.
206. Which explorer discovered Victoris Falls in Africa?
David Livingstone.
207. Who was the last king of Egypt?
Farouk.
208. What is the literal meaning of the word mafia?
Bargging.
209. Which war lasted 16 years longer than its name implies?
The Hundred Year's War.
210. What is the national sport of Malaysia and Indonesia?
Badminton.
211. Which is the shallowest of the Great Lakes?
Lake Erie.
212. What name is given to minute or microscopic animals and plants that live in the upper layers of fresh and salt water?
Plankton.
213. Which country was originally named Cathay?
China.
214. Sinhalese is a language spoken in which country?
Sri Lanka.
215. The Sao Francisco river flows through which country?
Brazil.
216. In which sport do teams compete for the Dunhill Cup?
Golf.
217. Which Shakespeare character's last words are: 'The rest is silence'?
Hamlet.
218. In economics, whose law states that: 'bad money drives out good money'?
Gresham's
219. Who made the first navigation of the globe in the vessel Victoria?
Magellan.
220. Which mountaineer on being asked why he wanted to climb Everest said: 'Because it's there'?
George Mallory.
221. What was the former name for Sri Lanka?
Ceylon.
222. Of which Middle East, country is Baghdad the capital?
Iraq.
223. How many arms does a squid have?
Ten.
224. Which indoor game is played with a shuttlecock?
Badminton.
225. Do stalactites grow upwards or downwards?
Downwards.
226. What food is also called garbanzo?
Chick-pea.
227. What is the quality rating for diesel fuel, similar to the octane number for petrol?
Catane number.
228. Which German city and port is at the confluence of the rivers Neckar and Rhine?
Mannheim.
229. Where in Europe are the only wild apes to be found?
Gibraltar.
230. The Brabanconne is the national anthem of which country?
Belgium.
231. In which country is the River Spey?
Switzerland.
232. Which international environmental pressure group was founded in 1971?
Greenpeace.
233. What is the capital of Morocco?
Rabat.
234. How many balls are on the table at the start of a game of pool?
Sixteen.
235. In which country is the volcano Mount Aso?
Japan.
236. What name is given to inflammation of one or more joints, causing pain, swelling and restriction of movement?
Arthritis.
237. Which mineral is the main source of mercury?
Cinnabar.
238. What A is the national airline of Russia, code name SU?
Aeroflot.
239. What would be kept in a quiver?
Arrows.
240. What 'ology' is concerned with the study of unidentified flying objects?
Ufology.
241. Coal and longtailed are types of which bird family?
Tit.
242. In the game of darts, what is the value of the outer bull?
25.
243. In which part of the human body is the cochlea?
Ear.
244. What is the modern name of the rocky fortress which the Moors named Gabel-al-Tarik (the Rock of Tarik)?
Gibraltar.
245. What was the name of German terrorist Andreas Baader's female partner?
Ulrike Meinhof.
246. And what was the name of the urban guerrilla organisation they headed?
The Red Army Faction.
247. Which German bacteriologist discovered Salvarsan, a compound used in the treatment of syphilis, before the introduction of antibiotics?
Paul Ehrlich.
248. Which ancient Roman satirist wrote the 16 Satires?
Juvenal.
249. Who became the Queen of Netherlands in 1980?
Beatrix.
250. Who was the last Bristish king to appear in battle?
George II.
251. What is the art of preparing, stuffing and mounting the skins of animals to make lifelike models called?
Taxidermy.
252. What is the Beaufort scale used to measure?
Wind speed.
253. What is the technical name for abnormally high blood presure?
Hypertension.
254. What part of eye is responsible for its color?
The iris.
256. The letter RF on a stamp would indicate it is from which country?
France.
257. What is the meaning of the musical term cantabile?
In a singing style.
258. San Juan is the capital of which island in the West Indies?
Puerto Rico.
259. Which profession gets its name from the Latin word for lead?
Plumbing.
260. On which part of the body do grasshoppers have their ears?
Hind legs. 261. Who wrote children's stories about the land of Narnia?
C.S. Lewis.
262. What is the second planet from the sun?
Venus.
263. What is the highest mountain in the Alps?
Mont Blanc.
264. Of which Caribbean country is Port-au-Prince the capital?
Haiti.
265. Which German city is asscociated with the legend of the Pied Piper?
Hameln, or Hamelin.
266. What name is given to the wind pattern that brings heavy rain to South Asia from April to September?
Monsoon.
267. What is the first book of the New Testament?
The Gospel according to Saint Matthew.
268. What name is given to the time taken for half the atoms in a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay?
Half-life.
269. Who was president of Kenya from 1964 to 1978?
Jomo Kenyatta.
270. Which German author wrote the anti-war novel All Quiet on the Western Front?
Erich Maria Remarque.
271. Which country had a police force called the Tonton Macoutes?
Haiti.
272. What would you find in formicary?
Ants.
273. Who was the first British sovereign to make regular use of Buckingham Palace when in residence in London?
Queen Victoria.
274. Of where is Sofia the capital?
Bulgaria.
275. What is meant by the musical term andante?
At a moderate tempo.
276. In a bullfight, what is the mounted man with a lance called?
A picador.
277. Which team has a soccer team called Ajax?
Amsterdam.
278. Which Dutch explorer discovered New Zealand?
Abel Tasman.
279. Who became first black world heavyweight boxing champion in 1918?
Jack Johnson.
280. The name of which city in South America means Vale of Paradise?
Valparaiso.
_____281. Which gas used in advertising signs has the symbol Ne?
Neon.
282. Which branch of mathematics uses symbols to represent unknown quantities?
Algebra.
283. What does the abbreviation RAF stand for?
Royal Air Force.
284. What name is given to the use of live animals in the experiments?
Vivisection.
285. Viti Levu is the largest island of which country?
Fiji.
286. The Golden Arrow was a famous train that ran from Paris to which destination?
Monte Carlo.
287. Which country fought on both sides during World War II?
Italy.
288. What centigrade temperature is gas mark 6 equal to?
200 degrees C.
289. In the game of chess, which piece is called springer in Germany?
Knight.
290. What is the meaning of the Russian word 'mir'?
Peace.
291. Who, in World War II, were Axis Power?
Germany, Italy. Japan.
292. Which scientist used kites to conduct electrical experiments?
Benjamin Frankline.
293. What is the longest river in France?
Loire.
294. Which inventore had a research laboratory at Menlo Park?
Edison.
295. Which birds fly in groups called skeins?
Geese.
296. In medicine, which is the most widespread parasitic infection?
Malaria.
297. What nationality was the explorer Ferdinand Magellan?
Portuguese.
298. Which Italian city is called Firenze in Italian?
Florence.
299. What is Autralia's largest city?
Sydney.
300. Which term meaning 'lightning war' was used to describe military tactics used by Germany in World War II?
Blitzkri

Sent from my T08 using Tapatalk
__________________
"Wa tu izzu man-ta shaa, wa tu zillu man-ta shaa"
Reply With Quote
Reply

Thread Tools Search this Thread
Search this Thread:

Advanced Search

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are On


Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
Lets prepare for ASF inspector and Dy AD posts mrarsalankhan Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) 50 Tuesday, June 08, 2021 01:40 PM
latest MCQs on C.A and General knowledge sono punam Current Affairs 2 Friday, November 22, 2019 11:16 PM
State Bank of Pakistan OG-1 Officer (Batch 4th) 2015 sibghatt State Bank of Pakistan 1475 Wednesday, February 27, 2019 04:50 PM
MCQ's with Answer for the post of Assistant in Ministry of Foreign Affairs mirza5 Jobs Announcements 0 Thursday, March 30, 2017 12:25 PM


CSS Forum on Facebook Follow CSS Forum on Twitter

Disclaimer: All messages made available as part of this discussion group (including any bulletin boards and chat rooms) and any opinions, advice, statements or other information contained in any messages posted or transmitted by any third party are the responsibility of the author of that message and not of CSSForum.com.pk (unless CSSForum.com.pk is specifically identified as the author of the message). The fact that a particular message is posted on or transmitted using this web site does not mean that CSSForum has endorsed that message in any way or verified the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any message. We encourage visitors to the forum to report any objectionable message in site feedback. This forum is not monitored 24/7.

Sponsors: ArgusVision   vBulletin, Copyright ©2000 - 2024, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.