Comprehension 2011:

Knowledge is acquired when we succeed in fitting a new experience in the system of concepts based upon our old experiences. Understanding comes when we liberate ourselves from the old and so make possible a direct, unmediated contact with the new, the mystery, moment by moment, of our existence. The new is the given on every level of experience – given perceptions, given emotions and thoughts, given states of unstructured awareness, given relationships with things and persons. The old is our home-made system of ideas and word patterns. It is the stock of finished articles fabricated out of the given mystery by memory and analytical reasoning, by habit and automatic associations of accepted notions. Knowledge is primarily a knowledge of these finished articles. Understanding is primarily direct awareness of the raw material. Knowledge is always in terms of concepts and can be passed on by means of words or other symbols. Understanding is not conceptual and therefore cannot be passed on. It is an immediate experience, and immediate experience can only be talked about (very inadequately), never shared. Nobody can actually feel another’s pain or grief, another’s love or joy, or hunger. And similarly nobody can experience another’s understanding of a given event or situation. There can, of course, be knowledge of such an understanding, and this knowledge may be passed on in speech or writing, or by means of other symbols. Such communicable knowledge is useful as a reminder that there have been specific understandings in the past, and that understanding is at all times possible. But we must always remember that knowledge of understanding is not the same thing as the understanding which is the raw material of that knowledge. It is as different from understanding as the doctor’s prescription for pencitin is different from penicillin.
[B]

I have highlighted those sentences of the original passage, which I have used in my answers, with re-structured sentences or explanations..
Read these highlighted sentences and those sentences of my answers which have been highlighted by you.. You will see the agreement between the two..

Q.2. Read the following passage carefully and answer all the questions given at the end.

comprehension 2007




Strong section of industrials who still imagine that men can be mere machines and are at their best as machines if they are mere machines are already menacing what they call “useless” education. They deride the classics, and they are mildly contemptiois of history, philosophy, and English. They want our educational institutions, from the oldest universities to the youngest elementary schools, to concentrate on business or the things that are patently useful in business. Technical instruction is to be provided for adolescent artisans; book keeping and shorthand for prospective clerks; and the cleverest we are to set to “business methods”, to modern languages (which can be used in correspondence with foreign firms), and to science (which can be applied to industry). French and German are the languages, not of Montaigne and Gorthe, but of Schmidt Brothers, of Elberfeld and Dupont et Cie., of Lyons. Chemistry and Physics are not explorations into the physical constitution of the universe, but sources of new dyes, new electric light filaments, new means of making things which can be sold cheap and fast to the Nigerian and the Chinese. For Latin there is a Limited field so long as the druggists insist on retaining it in their prescriptions. Greek has no apparent use at all, unless it be as a source of syllables for the hybrid names of patent medicines and metal polishes. The soul of man, the spiritual basis of civilization- what gibberish is that?


Questions

a) What kind of education does the writer deal with? (2)
b) What kind of education does the writer favour? How do you know? (3)
c) Where does the writer express most bitterly his feelings about the neglect of the classics? (3)
d) Explain as carefully as you can the full significance of the last sentence. (4)
e) Explain the underlined words and phrases in the passage (8)

e



a) The writer is dealing technical as well as business education .This type of education is transforming man into machines . So classical education perceived useless which will not generate resources to boast up industries.


2.The writer is in favor of classical education and regrets about menacing by scientific school of thoughts who have called it useless. They entrepreneurs have divided the society on the basis of acquisition of education.


3.The whole passage shows writer`s regret that classical education has been ignored . He feel sad when Industrials call it useless education .But his bitterness can be seen where he has pointed all classical pioneers,philosophers have been replaced by scientist and inventors.

4.All inventions ,discoveries and other new ideas have been named by Greek scholars.It is highly tragic their names is used to for advertisement of their products but not for the education.Classical education encompasses human fields whereas technical one makes men machines.This leads towards the the death of civilization. Modern man is spiritually died because he is not acquiring classical education .

1.Corporate section
2. classical education;Not useful for making money
3. Things or raw material that is used for earnings
4.Future clerical or slave staff in new engineered system.
5.cheap use of classical learnings
6.The fabrication of old names for industrial products
7.Unintelligible or nonsensical talk or writing.

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"Wa tu izzu man-ta shaa, wa tu zillu man-ta shaa"

Dear i might be wrong in evaluation of above comprehension.as am also at the stage of learning and practicing.......well, i stated wat i feel n am still strict to my point dat below line seems our own perception n understanding of passages.....further, senior may guide u...

Best of luck....

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“Living is too hard right now. Dying is easy. Let me die.”
Kristin Cashore

Well, I have given my arguments.. If u still prefer to stick to your own judgement, then LAKUM DEENUKUM VALIYA DEEN (TO EACH THEIR OWN)..

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"So my birth was the first of all my misfortunes". (Jean Jacques Rosseou)

2. Read the following passages and answer the questions given at the end in your own words. (20) CE-1996 paper


"In countless other places, companies locating overseas are causing environmental harm. Japan has come in for heavy criticism from environmentalists in Southeast Asia for allegedly locating extremely harmful processes abroad because they no longer can pass environmental muster at home. A Malaysian subsidiary of the Mitsubishi Kasei Corp. was forced by court order to close after years of Protests by local residents that the plant’s dumping of radioactive thorium was to blame for unusually high leukemia rates in the region. Several multinational corporations operating in South Africa, including local subsidiaries of the Bayer Pharmaceuticals concern and a Duracell battery plant, have been implicated by local environ mentalists in toxic catastrophes that they believe have-caused cancer and other severe health problems among workers.

Despite the threats, international markets also help diffuse many environmentally helpful products around the world. Trade in pollution control technologies is on the rise, particularly as environmental laws are strengthened in developing countries. International trade also can put
pressure on companies to match the environmental immolations of their international competitors, as in the U.S. Car industry’s response to Japan’s advances in fuel efficiency. -

Meanwhile, there are indications that, contrary to some people's expectations, being open to foreign investment can help prevent the caution of pollution havens rather than cause them. Research by Nancy Birds all and David Wheeler of the World Bank found that dirty industries
developed faster in Latin American economies relatively in hospitable to foreign investment than in open ones. Another World Bank study looked at the rates at which 60 different countries its way to nations open to foreign investment far more rapidly than those closed to it.

The authors of these studies suggests several possible explanations for such trends. For one, closed economies protect capital __________ Intensive, pollution-intensive industries in situations where low-cost
labour otherwise would have been a draw to less polluting industries, Second, companies trying to sell their goods in industrial countries need to please the growing number of “green consumers” there. Finally the equipment used by multinational tends on balance to be newer and cleaner than that employed by national industries.

(a) Why is Japan under heavy criticism?
(b) What did the court decree in Malaysia? and why?
(c) How does a certain industry cause cancer to the local resident?
(d) What could be the role of international markets in controlling pollution?
(e) What is a “pollution-haven”?
(f) What does the research by Nancy Birds all and David Wheeler say?
(g) What does “the other study” by World Bank reveal?
(h) Who is a “green consumer"?
(i) How do you explain capital-intensive” and “pollution-intensive”?
(j) How can we save the local residents from the pollution hazards?


a) Japan has shifted its industries to Southeast Asian countries due to environmental constraint, which polluting the environment. Therefore it is under heavy criticism.

b) Court passed the closing order for the Kasei corporation plant on the protest of local inhabitants because it was spreading Leukemia disease in the vicinity

c) Require explanation

d) International markets mitigate the pollution by introducing environment friendly technologies. Moreover they can benefit from each other’s product to curb pollution

e) Pollution heaven refers to establishment of economic zones through foreign investment. They reduced the pollution by employing new clean technology.

f) Latin America does not encourage the foreign investment as a result polluted industries grows rapidly.

g) World Bank study revealed that new technology prevails in those countries which encourage foreign investment. Around 60 countries have now employed new clean technology.

h) Green consumers are those who prefer the products produced by utilizing clean technology. They are against the environmental pollution.

i) These are measures to prevent the low cost labour into the hands of open market economy.

j) Local inhabitants could be prevented by establishment of “Pollution heaven” through foreign investment. Use of newer technologies is a major tool to control the environmental pollution.

Please check and also gives number out of 20

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Strong reasons make strong actions.

Read the following passages and answer the questions given at the end in your own words. (20) CE-1999

These phenomena, however, are merely premonitions of a coming storm which is likely to sweep over the whole of India and the rest of Asia. This is the inevitable outcome of a wholly political civilization which has looked upon man as a thing to be exploited and not as a personality to be developed and enlarged by purely cultural forces. The people of Asia are bound to rise against the acquisitive economy which the West have developed and imposed on the nations of the East. Asia cannot comprehend modern Western capitalism with its undisciplined individualism.The faith which you represent recognizes the worth of the individual, and disciplines hirn to give away all to the service of God and man. Its possibilities are not yet exhausted. It can still create a new world where the social rank of man is not determined by his caste or colour or the amount of dividend he earns, but by the kind of life he lives, where the poor tax the rich, where human society is founded not on the equality of stomachs but on the equality of spirits, where an untouchable can marry the daughter of the king, where private ownership is a trust and where capital cannot be allowed to accumulate so as to dominate the real producer of wealth. This superb idealism of your faith,however, needs emancipation from the medieval fancies of theologians and logists? Spiritually, we are living in a prison house of thoughts and emotions which during the course of centuries we have woven round ourselves. And be it further said to the shame of us - men of older generation - that we have failed to equip the younger generation for the economic, political and even religious crisis that the present age is likely to bring. The while community needs a complete overhauling of its present mentality in order that it may again become capable of feeling the urge of fresh desires and ¡deals. The Indian Muslim has long ceased to explore the depths of his own inner life. The result is that he has ceased to live in the full glow and colour of life, and is consequently in danger of an unmanly compromise with forces which he is made to think he cannot vanquish in open conflict. He who desires to change an unfavourable environment must undergo a complete transformation of his inner being. God changes not the condition of a people until they themselves take the initiative to change their condition by constantly illuminating the zone of their daily activity in the light of a definite ideal. Nothing can be achieved without a firm faith in the independence ofone's own inner life. This faith alone keeps a people's eye fixed on their goal and save them from perpetual vacillation. The lesson that past experiences has brought to you must be taken to heart. Expect nothing from any side. Concentrate your whole ego on yourself alone and ripen your clay into real manhood if you wish to see your aspiration realized.

1. What is the chief characteristic of the modern political civilization?

2. What are possibilities of our Faith which can be of advantage to the world?

3. What is the chief danger confronting the superb idealism of our Faith?

4. Why is the Indian Muslim in danger of coming to an unmanly compromise with the forces opposing him?

5. What is necessary for any achievement?


1) Modern Political system considers the man as a material thing for exploitation rather than a person who needs grooming and character development through cultural values.

2) Our faith is likely to be implemented in the future. It will benefit the world by creating equal socio, economic and political system, where poor and rich will be treated equally.

3) We are still adheres to old religious myth and doctrines which makes us subservient to our spiritual needs.


4) Indian Muslims are in danger of compromise because they left creativity and innovation of mind and soul, which restrain them to openly challenge their opponent.

5) Freedom of conscious and realization of inner life are necessary for achievements

Please Check

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Strong reasons make strong actions.

I regret to see that 2 weeks have been passed and no worthy senior member bother to check my attempt.

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Strong reasons make strong actions.

I have not solved this year but i saw some mistake in your structure of answer...
Q no. 2 & 3 you have written (WE & OUR).. First person is not recommended by teachers and seniors.... you should replace these by third person.. like OUR as ONES and WE as ONE....

1. What is the difference between human beings' fear of death and children's fear of darkness?
Both pain increases by heard stories, but human fear that death is eventual punishment of sins they have made , and children’s fear is only effect of stories.

2.What is a religious and sacred view of death?
Religious view of death is punishment of sins by entering in new world.

3.What are the painful experiences described by the Monks in their books?
Monk, in his book describe painful experience of death by imposing physical tortures on their body for the purpose of self purification.

4.What are the views of Seneca about death?

Seneca , the Roman Philosopher described circumstances of ceremonies of decades
That a dying man is heard mourn , his face become bloodless and pale , his friend and relatives put on mourning cloths.

5.What are the facts that make death appear more horrible than it would be otherwise?
By hearing stories of agony, punishment of sins after entering in new world these facts makes death more horrible.

q1. the difference is that humun being feared by mental state of death an intangible fact rather children by ghosts and thieves i.e by physical creatures.
q2 the religious and sacred view of death is entering into the world hereafter while go good deeds due to fear of punishment
q3.their painful experience was their self committed torture to explain the level of pain of death.
q4 seneca was of the view that death should be regarded as a natural phenomena and that men feared more by death ceremonies rather death itself
q5. the pale-face of dead man mourning of his relatives and other death rituals made death more horrible