Practical Rules for changing Narration
 

[B][COLOR="Blue"]Hi all,
I hope all of you are in good health and doing good. i was starting a refresher of my grammar concepts, but i thought that it would be a great idea to do this activity with all of you...All aspirants, Honorable CSPs, esteemed members are requested to take part in that activity. i hope we all will learn and add a lot to our knowledge repository. I am starting this thread for learning [I][U][B][COLOR="DarkRed"]Rules for changing Narration[/COLOR][/B][/U][/I] The format of the activity would be following...
A rule will be described a day.
This will be followed by an exercise to evaluate the performance.
There would be a gap of a day and the next rule will be discussed the following day.
I have used following books for grammar, these are credible and worth learning from:[LIST][*]A [COLOR="Green"][B]Practical English Grammar by A.J Thomson & A.V Martinet[*]A comprehensive Grammar of English Language by Greenbaum, Svartik, Leech and Quirk.[/B][/COLOR][/LIST]
[B][U]P.S[/U][/B]..i will wait for two days to see the alacrity of you guys to decide whether to go to Phase Two:[/COLOR][/B]

Lesson 1
 

[COLOR="Sienna"][SIZE="3"][B]What is Direct and Indirect speech?[/B][/SIZE][/COLOR]
we can narrate something that a person has said in two ways.
[COLOR="Sienna"]
[B]1: In his own Words[/B][/COLOR]: [COLOR="Blue"][B]He said, "I am going to Murree tomorrow".[/B][/COLOR]

[COLOR="Sienna"]2: [B]Report what he said: thus called Indirect or Reported speech:[/B][/COLOR] [COLOR="Blue"][B]He said that he was going to Murree the following day.[/B][/COLOR]

[COLOR="Blue"][B]as you can see that in [B][I][COLOR="Sienna"][U]direct speech[/U][/COLOR][/I][/B] we place the remarks in inverted commas. we use direct speech to emphasize what is said in the very words of speaker, or to quote a saying.[/B][/COLOR]
[COLOR="Blue"][B]

[COLOR="Sienna"][B][I][U]Indirect or Reported speech[/U][/I][/B][/COLOR] [COLOR="Blue"][B]is used to report what a person has said, not necessarily in his very words but carrying the original sense.[/B][/COLOR]

Now after a short description of Direct and reported speech, next time we will start the practical rules or necessary changes to convert the Direct into Indirect and vice versa.....[/B][/COLOR]

Nice thread Dear brother :)
Please post Certain Questions aswell, so that we may Practice :)

[QUOTE=sidra siyal;530112]Nice thread Dear brother :)
Please post Certain Questions aswell, so that we may Practice :)[/QUOTE]

[COLOR="Blue"][B]sis i am going to do this tomorrow when we discuss each rule...each rule will be followed by practice questions[/B][/COLOR]

Rule No 1 (Tense changes)
 

[B][FONT="Arial Black"][SIZE="4"][COLOR="DarkRed"]Present Indefinite, Present Perfect and Future Tenses[/COLOR][/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[B][COLOR="DarkRed"]we can narrate the indirect or Reported speech in present tense, future and in present perfect then we do not change the tenses in either of following situations;[/COLOR][/B]
[COLOR="Blue"][B][U][SIZE="3"][B]1:[/B][/SIZE] When we report a speech of a person who is still present there and the speech is about something that is still going on: i-e[/U][/B][/COLOR][COLOR="Green"][B]

Ahmad: "I am looking for my old shoes".[/B][/COLOR] [B][U][COLOR="DarkRed"]Direct Speech.[/COLOR][/U][/B]
[COLOR="Blue"][B]Ahmad says that he is looking for his old shoes. [/B][/COLOR] [COLOR="DarkRed"][B]Reported/ Indirect Speech[/B][/COLOR]

As you can see that if we report something at the same time it is said then we do not change the tense rather we mere make pronoun changes.

[COLOR="Blue"][B][B][SIZE="3"][U]2:[/SIZE][/B] When we are telling someone what says an Email or a letter in either of aforementioned tenses i-e;[/U][/B][/COLOR]
[COLOR="Blue"][B]
[COLOR="Green"][B]Ali writes to his mother: Ami, "i will send you 5000 Rs."[/B][/COLOR] [/B][/COLOR][COLOR="DarkRed"][U][B]Direct Speech[/B][/U][/COLOR]
[COLOR="Blue"][B]Ali says to his mother that he will send her 5000 Rs.[/B][/COLOR] [COLOR="DarkRed"][B]Indirect Speech[/B][/COLOR] [U][COLOR="DarkRed"](we can either retain will in reported speech or replace it with would)[/COLOR][/U]

[COLOR="Blue"][U][B][SIZE="3"]3:[/SIZE] Similarly in Present perfect we do not change the tense.[/B][/U][/COLOR]
[COLOR="Green"][B]
Ali: I have taken my tea.[/B][/COLOR] [B][COLOR="DarkRed"]Direct Speech[/COLOR][/B]
[B][COLOR="Blue"]Ali says that he has taken tea.[/COLOR][/B] [COLOR="DarkRed"][B]indirect Speech[/B][/COLOR]
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[SIZE="4"][COLOR="DarkRed"][B]Exercise:[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]
[COLOR="Blue"][B]Ali: "I am going to buy a book from Urdu bazar."
Ahmad: "I like to drink sprite after meals."
Humaira:"I will marry Bilal."
Sara: " I have called Bilal and asked her to meet me"
Mother: "Breakfast is ready, you can join us on dining table."
Wajiha: "I have secured first position in CSS".[/B][/COLOR]

Ali: "I am going to buy a book from Urdu bazar."
[COLOR="Magenta"]Ali says that he is going to buy book from Urdu Bazar[/COLOR]

Ahmad: "I like to drink sprite after meals."
[COLOR="Magenta"]Ahmed says that he like to drink sprite after meals
[/COLOR]
Humaira:"I will marry Bilal."
[COLOR="Magenta"]Humaira says that she will marry Bilal[/COLOR]

Sara: " I have called Bilal and asked h[COLOR="Red"]im[/COLOR] to meet me"
[COLOR="Magenta"]Sara says that she has called Bilal and asked him to meet her.

[/COLOR]Mother: "Breakfast is ready, you can join us on dining table."
[COLOR="Magenta"]Mother says that break fast is ready, you can join us on dining table
[/COLOR]
Wajiha: "I have secured first position in CSS".
[COLOR="Magenta"]wajiha exclaim with joy that she has secured first position in css[/COLOR]

Ali: "I am going to buy a book from Urdu bazar."
[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]Ali says that he is going to buy a book from bazar.[/COLOR][/B]
Ahmad: "I like to drink sprite after meals."
[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]Ahmad says that he likes to drink sprite after meals.[/COLOR][/B]
Humaira:"I will marry Bilal."
[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]Humaira says that she will marry bilal.[/COLOR][/B]
Sara: " I have called Bilal and asked her to meet me"
[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]Sara says that she has called bilal and asked him to meet her.[/COLOR][/B]
[COLOR="Teal"]Wow !!:evil sab girls kai saath bilal ka naam !![/COLOR]

Ali says him he is going to buy a book from Urdu bazar.
Ahmad says that he likes to drink sprite after meals.
Humaira says that she will marry Bilal :blush:
Sara says that she has called Bilal and asked him to meet her.
Mother says that breakfast is ready, i can join them on dining table.
Wajiha says that she has secured first position in CSS.

[QUOTE=ultimate;530276]Ali: "I am going to buy a book from Urdu bazar."
[COLOR="Magenta"]Ali says that he is going to buy [B][COLOR="Blue"]a (...we retain the articles) [/COLOR][/B] book from Urdu Bazar[/COLOR]

Ahmad: "I like to drink sprite after meals."
[COLOR="Magenta"]Ahmed says that he [COLOR="DarkRed"][B]like[/B][/COLOR] [COLOR="Blue"][B](likes.....Subject is singular)[/B][/COLOR] to drink sprite after meals
[/COLOR]
Humaira:"I will marry Bilal."
[COLOR="Magenta"]Humaira says that she will marry Bilal[/COLOR]

Sara: " I have called Bilal and asked h[COLOR="Red"]im[/COLOR] to meet me"
[COLOR="Magenta"]Sara says that she has called Bilal and asked him to meet her.

[/COLOR]Mother: "Breakfast is ready, you can join us on dining table."
[COLOR="darkRed"]Mother says that break fast is ready, [COLOR="DarkRed"][B]you[/B][/COLOR] [COLOR="Magenta"][B](WE)[/B][/COLOR] can join [COLOR="Blue"][B]us[/B][/COLOR] [COLOR="Blue"][B](them)[/B][/COLOR] on dining table
[/COLOR]
Wajiha: "I have secured first position in CSS".
[COLOR="Magenta"][COLOR="DarkRed"][B]wajiha exclaim with joy that she has secured first position in css[/B][/COLOR][/COLOR][/QUOTE] [COLOR="Blue"][B](she didn't say hurrah or such other thing, she just told someone that she has passed it)[/B][/COLOR]

[QUOTE=sidra siyal;530326]Ali: "I am going to buy a book from Urdu bazar."
[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]Ali says that he is going to buy a book from bazar.[/COLOR][/B]
Ahmad: "I like to drink sprite after meals."
[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]Ahmad says that he likes to drink sprite after meals.[/COLOR][/B]
Humaira:"I will marry Bilal."
[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]Humaira says that she will marry bilal.[/COLOR][/B]
Sara: " I have called Bilal and asked her to meet me"
[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]Sara says that she has called bilal and asked him to meet her.[/COLOR][/B]
[COLOR="Teal"]Wow !!:evil sab girls kai saath bilal ka naam !![/COLOR] [COLOR="Blue"][B](well yes girls like me a lot, i can't help being handsome)[/B][/COLOR][/QUOTE]

[QUOTE=f ali;530427]Ali says him he is going to buy a book from Urdu bazar.
Ahmad says that he likes to drink sprite after meals.
Humaira says that she will marry Bilal :blush:
Sara says that she has called Bilal and asked him to meet her.
Mother says that breakfast is ready, i can join them on dining table.
Wajiha says that she has secured first position in CSS.[/QUOTE]
[SIZE="4"][COLOR="SeaGreen"][U]
Marks[/U][/COLOR][/SIZE]
[B]Ultimate:[/B] 4/6
[B]Sidra sayal:[/B] 4/4
[B]F Ali:[/B] 6/6

Rule No 2 (Tense changes) cont.....
 

In last rule we studied the tenses which start in present and are reported at the same time. But this seldom is the case, most of the time Reported speech starts in past tense so the corresponding changes have to be made in them. following are some changes that we make to report a speech.

[COLOR=blue][B][U][SIZE=4]1:[/SIZE] Direct speech in [U][B][COLOR=green]simple present[/COLOR][/B][/U] is reported in [B][U][COLOR=green]simple past.[/COLOR][/U][/B] [/U][/B][/COLOR]
[COLOR=green][B]"I never go there", said Ali.[/B][/COLOR] [COLOR=darkred][B]Direct Speech[/B][/COLOR]
[COLOR=blue][B]Ali said that he never went there. [/B][/COLOR][B][COLOR=darkred]Indirect speech[/COLOR][/B]

[U][B][COLOR=blue][SIZE=4]2:[/SIZE] Direct speech in [COLOR=green][B][U]Present continuous[/U][/B][/COLOR] is reported in [COLOR=green][B][U]Past continuous[/U].[/B][/COLOR][/COLOR][/B][/U]

[COLOR=green][B]Aleena said, "I am going to attend the convocation next week".[/B] [/COLOR][COLOR=darkred][B]Direct speech[/B][/COLOR]
[COLOR=blue][B]Aleena said that she was going to attend the convocation the coming/following week.[/B][/COLOR] [COLOR=darkred][B]Indirect speech[/B][/COLOR]

[COLOR=blue][B][SIZE=4]3:[/SIZE] Direct speech in [B][U][COLOR=green]Present Perfect[/COLOR][/U][/B] is reported in [COLOR=green][B][U]Past Perfect[/U][/B][/COLOR].[/B][/COLOR]

[COLOR=green][B]He said, "I have completed my part of work". [/B][/COLOR][COLOR=darkred][B]Direct speech[/B][/COLOR]
[COLOR=blue][B]He said that he had completed his part of work.[/B][/COLOR] [COLOR=darkred][B]Indirect speech[/B][/COLOR]
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________


[B][COLOR=darkred]Exercise:[/COLOR][/B]
[B][COLOR=blue]Ali said, "I am planning to leave this place".[/COLOR][/B]
[B][COLOR=blue]Humaira said, "i have decided to marry Bilal".[/COLOR][/B]
[B][COLOR=blue]Ahmad said, "I like to play cricket".[/COLOR][/B]
[B][COLOR=blue]Bilal said, "she has performed well in exam".[/COLOR][/B]
[B][COLOR=blue]She said, "we are trying to solve this computer problem".[/COLOR][/B]
[B][COLOR=blue]"we win the match", said Akram.[/COLOR][/B]