Q.2. Actual Paragraph:
In studding the breakdowns of civilizations, the writer has subscribed to the conclusion – no new discovery! – that war has proved to have been the proximate cause of the breakdown of every civilization which is known for certain to have broken down, in so far as it has been possible to analyze the nature of these breakdowns and to account for their occurrence. Like other evils war has no insidious way of appearing not intolerable until it has secured such a stranglehold upon the lives of its addicts that they no longer have the power to escape from its grip when its deadlines has become manifest. In the early stages of civilization’s growth, the cost of wars in suffering and destruction might seem to be exceeded by the benefits occurring from the wining of wealth and power and the cultivation of the “military virtues” ; and, in this phase of history, states have often found themselves able to indulge in war with one another with something like impunity even for the defeated party. War does not begin to reveal its malignity till the war making society has begun to increase its economic ability to exploit physical nature and its political ability to organize manpower; but, as soon as this happens, the god of war to which the growing society has long since been dedicated proves himself a Moloch by devouring an ever larger share of the increasing fruits of man’s industry and intelligence in the process of taking an ever larger toll of life and happiness; and, when the society’s growth in efficiency reaches a point at which it becomes capable of mobilizing a lethal quantum of its energies and resources for military use then war reveals itself as being a cancer which is bound to prove fatal to its victim unless he can cut it out and cast it from him, since its malignant tissues have now learnt to grow faster that the healthy tissues on which they feed.
In the past when this danger-point in the history of the relations between war and civilization has been reached and recognized, serious efforts have sometimes been made to get rid of war in time to save society, and these endeavours have been apt to take one or other of two alternative directions. Salvation cannot, of course, be sought anywhere except in the working of the consciences of individual human beings; but individuals have a choice between trying to achieve their aims through direct action as private citizens and trying to achieve then through indirect action as citizen of states. Personal refusal to lend himself in any way to any war waged by his state for any purpose and in any circumstances is a line of attack against the institution of war that is likely to appeal to an ardent and self-sacrificing nature; by comparison, the alternative peace strategy of seeking to persuade and accustom governments to combine in jointly resisting aggression when it comes and in trying to remove its stimuli before hand may seem a circuitous and unheroic line of attack on the problem. Yet experience up to date indicates unmistakably, in the present writer’s opinion, that the second of these two hard roads is by far the more promising.

PRECIS made by me, given below.

Title: Wars: the cause for demise of Civilizations and its remedies.
Original Precis: Writer consider wars, an actual cause for the the demise of civilization, upon studying the history of past. People cannot find way out, when they are indulged in war. Wars have caused great damages, as compare to, benefits. War making societies have suffered loss of economic and political stability, until they have realized this. It has caused great loss to lives and happiness of people. And when the war making societies have used their military power, war has proved no more than a lethal disease like cancer to them. In the past, various remedies were tried to save the society from wars. There are two main ways to avoid wars. One, the people shouldn't take part in initiating wars and the other one, government should avoid to participate in wars.

Author was confused about his visit in last May vacation.He wanted an excited place with less visitors. His friend John suggested him Cherokee village situated in the state of Oklahoma.They traveled Cherokee via flight where they visited town Qualla Boundary which was surrounded by beautiful mountains.It was an Indian village where still people follow past traditional life style.
There was a language problem for them.In a souvenir shop a middle age George welcomed them with his fluent English. They talked with him and he invited them for lunch at a nearby coffee shop.He told them about his job during tour season. In a the past he was a wood cutter. It was difficult to end up hi meet.He also told that Cherokee's people are not dependent upon single source of livelihood.He told them about Bingo weekend which opened after Friday. In Bingo weekend different games were played that return people with money.
In last they visited a museum. They saw symbols of Cherokee culture.He missed this place and wished his next exciting visit.

words: 170

Topic: An exotic visit to Qualla Boundary

Trip to Cherokee
word count= 123
The author and his friend John had a hard time choosing a trip. Finally, they decided to visit Qualla Boundary in Cherokee, Oklahoma. Enriched with mountain-scenery and grasslands, the village presented their 18th century's traditions and cultures to the tourists. Natives showed them souvenir shops filled with traditional accessories. There we met a man with fine english accent with whom we had lunch. George told us that being a guide is beneficial than a woodcutter as during tour off period they have to find the sources of income. Another source is the "bingo weekend" which offers great returns by playing various games. Fascinated by their last stop at arts museum, the author is intended to visit another amusing place.

To the senior staff members, kindly check my precis it would be a great favor for me and other learners here. Thankyou!

Nice work

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I have the same question,so anyone with the authentic refrence please?

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