Q.2. Actual Paragraph:
In studding the breakdowns of civilizations, the writer has subscribed to the conclusion – no new discovery! – that war has proved to have been the proximate cause of the breakdown of every civilization which is known for certain to have broken down, in so far as it has been possible to analyze the nature of these breakdowns and to account for their occurrence. Like other evils war has no insidious way of appearing not intolerable until it has secured such a stranglehold upon the lives of its addicts that they no longer have the power to escape from its grip when its deadlines has become manifest. In the early stages of civilization’s growth, the cost of wars in suffering and destruction might seem to be exceeded by the benefits occurring from the wining of wealth and power and the cultivation of the “military virtues” ; and, in this phase of history, states have often found themselves able to indulge in war with one another with something like impunity even for the defeated party. War does not begin to reveal its malignity till the war making society has begun to increase its economic ability to exploit physical nature and its political ability to organize manpower; but, as soon as this happens, the god of war to which the growing society has long since been dedicated proves himself a Moloch by devouring an ever larger share of the increasing fruits of man’s industry and intelligence in the process of taking an ever larger toll of life and happiness; and, when the society’s growth in efficiency reaches a point at which it becomes capable of mobilizing a lethal quantum of its energies and resources for military use then war reveals itself as being a cancer which is bound to prove fatal to its victim unless he can cut it out and cast it from him, since its malignant tissues have now learnt to grow faster that the healthy tissues on which they feed.
In the past when this danger-point in the history of the relations between war and civilization has been reached and recognized, serious efforts have sometimes been made to get rid of war in time to save society, and these endeavours have been apt to take one or other of two alternative directions. Salvation cannot, of course, be sought anywhere except in the working of the consciences of individual human beings; but individuals have a choice between trying to achieve their aims through direct action as private citizens and trying to achieve then through indirect action as citizen of states. Personal refusal to lend himself in any way to any war waged by his state for any purpose and in any circumstances is a line of attack against the institution of war that is likely to appeal to an ardent and self-sacrificing nature; by comparison, the alternative peace strategy of seeking to persuade and accustom governments to combine in jointly resisting aggression when it comes and in trying to remove its stimuli before hand may seem a circuitous and unheroic line of attack on the problem. Yet experience up to date indicates unmistakably, in the present writer’s opinion, that the second of these two hard roads is by far the more promising.

PRECIS made by me, given below.

Title: Wars: the cause for demise of Civilizations and its remedies.
Original Precis: Writer consider wars, an actual cause for the the demise of civilization, upon studying the history of past. People cannot find way out, when they are indulged in war. Wars have caused great damages, as compare to, benefits. War making societies have suffered loss of economic and political stability, until they have realized this. It has caused great loss to lives and happiness of people. And when the war making societies have used their military power, war has proved no more than a lethal disease like cancer to them. In the past, various remedies were tried to save the society from wars. There are two main ways to avoid wars. One, the people shouldn't take part in initiating wars and the other one, government should avoid to participate in wars.

Plz evaluate

Precis :2000
Original words:240
Title: Importance of Middle class

"Besant describing the middle class of the 9th century wrote " In the first place it was for more a class apart. "In no sense did it belong to society. Men in professions of any kind (except in the Army and Navy) could only belong to society by right of birth and family connections; men in trade—bankers were still accounted tradesmen—could not possibly belong to society. That is to say, if they went to live in the country they were not called upon by the county families and in the town they were not admitted by the men into their clubs, or by ladies into their houses… The middle class knew its own place, respected itself, made its own society for itself, and cheerfully accorded to rank the deference due."

Since then, however, the life of the middle classes had undergone great changes as their numbers had swelled and their influence had increased.

Their already well –developed consciousness of their own importance had deepened. More critical than they had been in the past of certain aspects of aristocratic life, they wee also more concerned with the plight of the poor and the importance of their own values of society, thrift, hand work, piety and respectability thrift, hand work, piety and respectability as examples of ideal behavior for the guidance of the lower orders. Above all they were respectable. There were divergences of opinion as to what exactly was respectable and what was not. There were, nevertheless, certain conventions, which were universally recognized: wild and drunker behaviors were certainly not respectable, nor were godlessness or avert promiscuity, not an ill-ordered home life, unconventional manners, self-indulgence or flamboyant clothes and personal adornments."

Solved:

In 19th century middle class was facing the dilemma of classlessness. Because aleads were the most respectible at that time. But, commeners always knew there woth and power. With the passage of time their population grew and became significantly influencial. They were well aware of the injustices done by the Aristocrats and were more concern about the miseries of the unprivileged folks.
Although the moral foundation of the society was hollow. But, even then the poor attiquates and ill managed life style was widely disliked.







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In the 19th Century, Middle Class of any vocation had no Social Position in the society except for those serving in the forces. Bourgeois were the only one to value themselves.
As the time progressed, their increased population raised their impact on the society.
They were much cognizant to the equity done by the patricians. They were more concerned about the difficult circumstances of the poor and their own significance in the society. Regardless of what respectable exactly meant, they all were respectable excluding those who adopted an unconventional and disrespectful lifestyle.

__________________
Kartay hain kuch !

In the 19th Century, Middle Class of any vocation had no Social Position in the society except for those serving in the forces. Bourgeois were the only one to value themselves.
As the time progressed, their increased population raised their impact on the society.
They were much cognizant to the equity done by the patricians. They were more concerned about the difficult circumstances of the poor and their own significance in the society. Regardless of what respectable exactly meant, they all were respectable excluding those who adopted an unconventional and disrespectful lifestyle.

__________________
Kartay hain kuch !

Assalamu alaikum....friends kindly check my precis for the above passage..im in early days of precis making so im confused and tense..kindly help me on this
Precis...
Besant states that in the 9th century, middle class was not considered a part of society. Even they were not allowed in societal gatherings. As time passed, their size and strenght augmented in the society. They recognized their self importance and became aware of the atrocities of aristocrats over the poor. It was, then, commonly agreed that the middle class is respectable and the society consider that the unethical behaviour and exhibitionism do not come in the ambit of respectabiltity.

Evils are introduced by the people without knowing when it should be active or doing.According to the writer,Devil is the busiest creature which criticizes laziness and infuriates over the wastage of time.Therefore,everybody is busy all the time in his kingdom.however, world is in confusion not because of laziness but it is not active virtue and has the ability to do anything except kindness and little steady thought with its misdirected energy.If in 1914,elite people had attracted toward laziness then world would be much better than that day but that concept compelled people to do something in working life.While in religious conference, people pay more attention to idle conversation instead of discussing important issues and such people would be need to improve their mental health.


"Laziness is not a curse but hidden blessing"

There are certain pre-requisites for a good writing piece. For instance, no grammatical mistakes, correct usage of vocabulary and ability of writer to effectively communicate his/her thoughts. Unfortunately, your writing doesn't have any of these ingredients. I don't want to dishearten you, but recognizing one's mistakes is a first step towards improvement.

Precis writing merits that you first fulfill above mentioned pre-requisites. Once your writing is free from grammatical and other mistakes, precis writing would become a walk in the park.

So, please work on your grammar and write brief sentences. Practice, practice and practice. If it is feasible, then please get your work evaluated from a qualified English language teacher on regular basis.

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it z a good attempt but our teachers in acadmy told us to make short sentences and avoid exceciv use of conectrs and comma. the rest it is suprb

Sufi, Previously in an essay thread, you said that you read novels etc. Please suggest us to develop a literary style like that of yours? Detailed reply will highly be appreciated. Thanks in anticipation

& please suggest some novels etc that you read and which you feel are good to improve writting expressions..