Hello dear aspirants

This thread is specially created for the precis writing practice. What we are supposed to do is to make a precis a day and post in this thread for senior to assess. I'm sure we can do our best here if we have a desired spirit and spark.


Let's do it for the good of all



Good Luck to all, but it's nt the luck only that we need

Make a precis of the following passage and suggest a suitable heading. (20+2=22)
Culture, in human societies, has two main aspects; an external, formal aspect and an inner, ideological aspect. The external forms of culture, social or artistic, are merely an organized expression of its inner ideological aspect, and both are an inherent component of a given social structure. They are changed and modified when this structure is changed or modified and because of this organic link they also help and influence such changes in their parent organism. Cultural Problems, therefore, cannot be studied or understood or solved in isolation from social problems, i.e. problems of political and economic relationships. The cultural problems of the underdeveloped countries, therefore, have to be understood and solved in the light of larger perspective, in the context of underlying social problems. Very broadly speaking, these problems are primarily the problems of arrested growth (stopped development); they originate primarily from long years of imperialist-Colonialist domination and the remnants of a backward outmoded (old-fashioned) social structure. This should not require much elaboration that European Imperialism caught up with the countries of Asia, Africa or Latin America between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. Some of them were fairly developed feudal societies with ancient traditions of advanced feudal culture. Others had yet to progress beyond primitive pastoral tribalism. Social and cultural development of them all was frozen at the point of their political subjugation and remained frozen until the coming of political independence. The culture of these ancient feudal societies, in spite of much technical and intellectual excellence, was restricted to a small privileged class and rarely intermingled with the parallel unsophisticated folk culture of the general masses. Primitive tribal culture, in spite of its child like beauty, had little intellectual content. Both feudal and tribal societies living contagiously () in the same homelands were constantly engaged in tribal, racial and religious or other feuds (hostility) with their tribal and feudal rivals. Colonialist – imperialist domination accentuated this dual fragmentation, the vertical division among different tribal and national groups, the horizontal division among different classes within the same tribal or national groups. This is the basic ground structure, social and cultural, bequeathed to the newly liberated countries by their former over lords.


PRECIS

The culture in a social setup has two facets; ceremonial and intellectual. Any alteration in the social setup alters them accordingly. Cultural and societal issues are interrelated and cannot be studied singly. These issues emanate from prolonged imperialist regimes and static progress. When Asian, African, and Latin American countries were colonized by European colonists, they had divided feudal and clan systems. So, the socio-cultural progress stopped till their self-rule. Moreover, the primitive ritualistic system despite much applied and intellectual skills was narrowed to small advantaged group which seldom interacted with commoners. Besides this, the feudal and tribal masses continuosly engaged in the faith-related and ethnic rivalries. Colonists exploited these divisions and subdivided them in even smaller tribes. Such is the socio-cultural organization bestowed upon the newborn states by their masters.

Words ratio: 130/360

Suggested Titles
1. Society and culture in post-colonial era
2. Imperialism and its socio-cultural leftovers
3. Feudal and Tribal systems: hurdles in the way of progress




Everyone is requested to kindly share views on the precis attempted.

Thanks a bunch

Q.2. Make a précis of the following passage and suggest a suitable heading. (20+2=22)

One of the most ominous and discreditable symptoms of the want of candour in present-day sociology is the deliberate neglect of the population question. It is or should be transparently clear that if the State is resolved, on humanitarian grounds, to inhibit the operation of natural selection, some rational regulation of population, both as regards quantity and quality, is imperatively necessary. There is no self-acting adjustment, apart from starvation, of numbers to the means of subsistence. If all natural checks are removed, a population in advance of the optimum number will be produced, and maintained at the cost of a reduction in the standard of living. When this pressure begins to be felt, that section of the population which is capable of reflection, and which has a standard of living which may be lost, will voluntarily restrict its numbers, even to the point of failing to replace deaths by an equivalent number of new births; while the underworld, which always exists in every civilised society the failures and misfits and derelicts, moral and physical will exercise no restraint, and will be a constantly increasing drain upon the national resources. The population will thus be recruited, in a very undue proportion, by those strata of society which do not possess the qualities of useful citizens.
The importance of the problem would seem to be sufficiently obvious. But politicians know that the subject is unpopular. The unborn have no votes. Employers like a surplus of labour, which can be drawn upon when trade is good. Militarists want as much food for powder as they can get. Revolutionists instinctively oppose any real remedy for social evils; they know that every unwanted child is a potential insurgent. All three can appeal to a quasi-religious prejudice, resting apparently on the ancient theory of natural rights, which were supposed to include the right of unlimited procreation. This objection is now chiefly urged by celibate or childless priests; but it is held with such fanatical vehemence that the fear of losing the votes which they control is a welcome excuse for the baser sort of politician to shelve the subject as inopportune. The Socialist calculation is probably erroneous; for experience has shown that it is aspiration, not desperation that makes revolutions.



PRECIS
The rapid population growth is one of the most pressing issues nowadays. The government should have its straight take for the betterment and good of all. Because there cannot be an automated compatibility of population growth and resources. Absence of seriousness to issue would adversely affect the lifestyle, which eventually make the people with better livelihood to limit births even below mortality rate. Besides this, the criminal sections of society will prosper misusing the unskilled, surplus population. The politicians, businessmen, armies, and rebels ignore the due imoportance of the issue due to vested interests. Similarly, the clerics raise objection on the issue that compels the corrupt politicians to keep quiet for the time being. The socialists have mistaken here because the paradigmatic change is a result of hope, not hoplessness.

Words Ratio: 130/374

Suggested Titles
1. The population dilemma
2. The Population Challenge
3. Population: Blessing or Bane



Please do comment and highlight gray areas.

emergence of feudalism & its impacts on society