Causes of Abysmal state of disaster preparedness and management in Pakistan

Outline:
1) Introduction to disaster
2) Historical events
3) Disaster in Pakistan
a) History of disasters in Pakistan
b) Government initiatives towards disasters
c) Structure of disaster management in Pakistan
4) Role of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
5) Causes of Abysmal state of disaster preparedness and management in Pakistan
a) Ineffective policies of NDMA
b) Health issues
c) Lack of resources
d) Food crises
e) Lack of management
f) Outdated machinery
g) Untrained staff
h) Lack of information
i) Mismanagement of the findings
j) Unawareness among civilians to tackle any disaster
k) Irresponsibility of the authorities concerned
l) Rescue constraints

6) Role model countries which has improved their efforts to prepare for disaster

7) Repercussions
a) Huge human death toll due to late rescue operations
b) Infrastructural loss
c) Outbreak of diseases
d) Displacement ( IDPS)
e) Economical issues
f) Rise in militancy and crime
g) Psychological and health issues

8) Recommendations:
a) Preparedness and proactive measures should be improved
b) Make effective planning's to mitigate the sufferings of people.
c) Accountability and responsibility of the department
d) Prompt response from government machinery
e) Transform NDMA
f) Trained staff
g) Health facilities
h) Shelter for IDPs
9) Conclusion
Disaster means any sudden catastrophe which leads to massive destruction in the shape of human and infrastructural loss. Disaster can be divided into two forms: natural (earthquake, floods, thunderstorms, torrential rains, and much more) and man-made. Either its natural or man-made, the destruction is unpredictable. No country claims that it has developed a full fledged management process to counter disaster. The developed countries are diligently working on the management of disasters so that whenever any disaster happens they can mitigate the suffering of the public.
The word disaster is not new; it is old as the dawn of the humans. Since the creation of mankind, many disasters have been occurring and inflicting huge loss for humans. Many civilizations have disseminated and exterminated because of huge devastated natural disasters. For example, Chinese civilization, the civilization of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa of Indian sub-continent, the Famine, and Plague in the Europe has eliminated millions of people in a few days. In the recent past of 21st century, the world has faced devastated disasters like 2004 Tsunami and earthquake, the Kashmir earthquake in 2005, Haiti earthquake, and much more.
Since the inception of Pakistan, it has witnessed many natural disasters. Pakistan is one of the most prone to disaster countries due to its geographical location. The spate of floods, torrential rains, high temperature, unpredictable monsoon season, earthquakes, and so on is very common in Pakistan since last decade. Owing to rise in global temperature, its side effects are directly seen in Pakistan.
The government of Pakistan has taken many initiatives to tackle the disasters either its natural or man-made. National Disaster Management Authority is the leading Federal Agency which controls and looks after the matters related to disasters. It is directly under the Disaster Management Commission of Pakistan, which is the right arm of the executive and was established by the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Similarly, all the provinces have their own disaster management departments which are further divided into district level management.
NDMA is the core leading agency which works on disaster management. It has been working for many years, but it is failed to provide the fruitful results. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, the concept of preemptive and prevention is being ignored by the department concerned. For any disaster, there is no proper system to forecast, although any disaster cannot be prognosticated but prevention is a prerequisite. Whenever a disaster occurs, NDMA fails to provide effective initiatives. The process of prevention and mitigation takes a lot of time which results in a huge loss.
Since the establishment of NDMA, there is no such work happened to revitalize it or to refurbish its policies. It is working on the same old unproductive policies which are not in a favor of public. People sitting at the helm of affairs are less interested in making new policies.
NDMA, as an independent agency and the most crucial Federal department, has unequipped staff which creates hurdles in mitigation process. Lack of outdated machinery and other basic resources are the constraints to provide effective results after a disaster. Whenever Pakistan faces a disaster, loss of human toll exceeds due to the incompetency of the department concerned.
It has observed that, whenever a disaster happens in any area of the earth, food crises erupts soon after the disaster. Aftermaths of any disaster are unexpected, tragic, and heinous but the foremost task of the NDMA is to mitigate the suffering of the affected people. Food crises give a way to other heinous issues. NDMA is unsuccessful to address the food crises and it's always dependent on foreign funds for mitigation process.
Moreover, the lack of management further aggravates the condition. People after a disaster seek help from the government and non-governmental agencies. There is no proper management from NDMA and other provincial agencies. All provinces start a blame game after any disaster no one takes initiatives and responsibilities. Irresponsible attitude of the department concerned, increase the risk of damages both life and property.
The most important issue which arises after or before a disaster is the lack of information and sharing process. The agencies and other information related departments do not contact each other; they have ineffective information sharing which results in huge damage and creates more problems for all affected people. The outdated machinery and incompetent staff is a constraint to rescue operations.
Over and above, the general public is unaware of self-mitigation process. They do not have any idea how to prevent and counter any disaster. In a case of emergency, they do not have proper guidance. There is no training for civilians in the schools, colleges, offices, or any welfare training programs.
Every disaster has its impacts either huge or small. In Pakistan, no government agency devises proper planning as pro-active measures to counter any disaster. They are failed in preemptive measures, but they are also unsuccessful to provide any assistance after any incident. The mitigation process is also very weak and slow which is a great hurdle in rescue operations. Owing to less budgeting, incompetent staff, outdated machinery, and other issues pave a way to more destruction.
Furthermore, the outbreak of any disease is very frequent. In Pakistan, NDMA and related agencies are incapable of providing basic health facilities to diminish the side effects of the disaster and to control diseases. Malaria, diarrhea, gastro, fever and so many contagious diseases start eruption which further make difficulties for the agencies to work properly.
Indeed, the far most task of any government is to mitigate the sufferings of affected people and after that to provide shelter to internally displaced peoples is a crucial task for them. In Pakistan, it is very complicated to provide shelter to IDPs, because, after 11 years has passed, the affected people of the Kashmir earthquake 2005, still living on the roads and other slum areas.
The loss in a shape of life or infrastructural give rise to economic issues. Due to the ineffectiveness of the agencies, the damages which are incurred by disaster further expand. Any loss of humanity and infrastructural directly linked to the economic crises. Pakistan since its inception has been confronting with many challenges; the disasters further deteriorate its economy every now and then.
The catastrophic incidents have a great impact on human's psychology. People who are directly affected by disasters either natural or man-made, they have a huge impact of all incidents in their minds which are very difficult for any department to counter. The agencies have less medical facilities; they don't have much medical staff, and other resources to ease down the sufferings of people.
The great repercussion after a disaster is the rise of crime and militancy. Owing to deprivation people start indulging in the malpractices. Pakistan has been facing terrorism and militancy for last many years, such incidents support the militant groups to easily prey depressed people to become part of their organization. These deprive people are very dangerous for the security and progress of the country.
In the past, Pakistan has faced many disasters in the shape of earthquake, torrential rains, floods, extreme rise in temperature, outbreak of diseases, and so on. With the advancement in the field of technology, Pakistan still has not developed a proper mechanism to dwindle the adverse effects disasters. Any disaster can be counter through different process like the first step is to take proactive measures and prevention is the need of the hour.
The second thing is to mitigate, which means to quick response towards the incident. By providing them all means to rescue the affected people, and to facilitate all basic requirements. After mitigation, the third important phase is to rehabilitate the displaced people. It is the responsibility of the government to provide all necessities to the depressed people in a quick way.
Above all mentioned task can be accomplished through proper effective plannings. The government should devise such long and short term plans to counter the disaster and any other incidents. The government should allocate proper budget to the disaster management agencies and reinvigorate the old policies of the department concerned. The most critical issues are that no one takes the responsibility. Accountability of the departments is a prerequisite.
Whenever any incidents occur, Pakistan army's Special Forces come forward to help the people. The government should train and equip staff in its agencies related to disaster management so that rescue process runs without any hindrance.
The repercussion of any disaster perpetuates for decades, it is better to counter and prevent or fewer damages. To make NDMA and other provincial disaster management agencies, it is necessary to counter check them. Provide them the latest techniques and equipment which helps in the rescue process. The government should make a separate subject in school and college level which is based on disaster management techniques so that people can also come forward to help in a time of need.
Last but not the least; it is the duty of the government to protect its citizens from all adversities. Instead of establishing new departments, allocate a sufficient budget to NDMA, NGO's, and other departments which play an important role to curtail the calamities which are inflicted upon us by nature. Ineffective policies should be changed into effective management policies to counter disaster. Nothing is impossible; the only thing which is required in Pakistan is the sincerity and the fairness of the people sitting at the helm of affairs. Any disaster can be counter via proper planning and effective policies.

Hi, Nice work (y). But I have question, what is the main topic of your essay ?
Disaster Management in Pakistan or Abysmal state of disaster preparedness and management in Pakistan. Both topics and their scopes are different. But I am taking it according to your second heading. What I suggest you:
1- 2nd and 3rd points are giving same meaning or we can say 3rd point already contain historical events.
2- Point 5(b) is I think irrelevant.
3- I think 5(d) Food crises is not a disaster.
4- Excessive use of same word, for example "mitigate" try to use synonyms.
5- Content is little bit out of order as per your outline. Try to stick with same structure you define in your outline. Use 1 paragraph for single point.
6- Excessive use of same phrase for example "mitigate the suffering" try to rephrase it.
7- Arguments are missing, you just mentioned problems, not the reasons and origins, I also find absence of proper solutions for mentioned problems.
8- Few mistakes in spellings, and poor sentence structure, for example "For example, Chinese civilization, the civilization of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa of Indian sub-continent, the Famine, and Plague in the Europe has eliminated millions of people in a few days." . Bold part is ambiguous about how they destroyed? in the end of the sentence you just mentioned reasons of deaths in Europe.

Regards

A good attempt, indeed. However, you need to work upon your sentence structure, as there are little grammatical mistakes. But, you need not to be worried, if you carry-on the process of writing till the very last day of the exam, you will find your writing skills outstanding.

Thanks alot for your suggestions. This is my first essay ,I am trying to improve my grammar and will try to overcome all mistakes.

Ok thank you , I have also noticed many mistakes in this essay. I will re-write this essay and then post it here again. Thanks for your precious time and suggestions .

Apart from some grammatical and sentence structuring problems, which you will surely overcome when you write a lot more essays, my critique would be more on the main focus of the essay part.
I believe that since the essay asks about the causes of the abysmal state of disaster management, you should stick for the major part of your essay to the causes and your suggestions on how to improve it. The causes part in your essay is still somewhat not as detailed as it should be. I mean no matter how much you write in detail about the reasons of disasters in the subcontinent and Europe and what adverse effects a society faces after a natural disaster occurs, you are still not going to get marks since this is just periphery information, which is fine if you keep it comprehensive and concise, but this is not what is demanded of you. Focus the majority of your essay on valid, concrete reasons on why the situation of disaster management is so pitiful in Pakistan and labour yourself on expounding on the causes.
This is what I take out of the question.I may be wrong but please anyone who reads this correct me if I am.
Thankyou.

W

Dear, as according to you this is your first essay, so it's ok. But otherwise, most part of your essay is portraying a completely irrelevant picture of the said topic.


Please note that.....One of the most important prerequisite for passing 'Essay paper' is lies in the word ........'relevance'.

In your next attempt, i hope you shall confine yourself to the causes of abysmal state of disaster preparedness & management only.

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"It is not in the stars to hold our destiny but in ourselves."

Improve Sentence structure.
your essay is imbalanced .Be relevant
Enrich your vocabulary.You have repeated many words
Your intro and conclusion is good but not that much impressive .Remember you are competing with the best of the best.

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Power is dangerous ,for it attracts the worst and corrupts the best !