Respected fellows, I am learning to write essays, here is an attempt to write on a topic of CSS-2015 Exam.

Outlines:
Introduction
Scientific research and development
Major identities changed in the field of;
• Computer Science
• Internet
• Communication
• Medical
• Engineering
• Warfare
o Weapons of mass destruction
o Nuclear weapons
• Space technology
• Travelling
Use of new technology by actors and corresponding effect on identity;
• Use by state actors
• Use by non-state actors
• Use by individuals
Conclusion

Essay
"Modernity is unending project"
New technologies bring changes and have considerable effects on human lives. Science has a made a lot of progress in the last century or so. This is continued until now. As a result, new technologies have been introduced. The progress has been made in almost every aspect of life; however, advancements in the field of computer technology, medical, engineering, modes of communication, space technology, and education have major effects. Certainly, scientific research and development have introduced a number of technologies that has changed identities radically.

Most importantly, computer technology has altered identities more than any other technology. Firstly, the computing speed of the programs has been increased exponentially as compared to the past. This speed has jumped from a hundred calculation per second to billions of calculations per second. Consequently, results can be obtained quickly. For instance, petroleum reservoirs which were impossible to draw with the hand now can be drawn as quickly as in one minute. High computing speeds produce thousands of simulations in a minute, and best can be quickly selected for further processing. Secondly, data collection, visualization, and analysis capabilities help in the best and economical use of technology for optimized results. By all means, computer technology has altered lives significantly.

In like manner, the internet technology has made everything available virtually. For example, by sitting in our room we can purchase anything from any part of the word, be it a cell phone from Samsung, or a book from Amazon. By the same token, data stored on the internet can be accessed from anywhere. Specific examples include data stored in emails and online drives such Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo, and Google drive, etc. Social media platforms and selling software allows contacting the people sitting on the other side of the globe. For example, Facebook, Whatsapp, Skype, and Nymgo have brought us together. In short, the internet has deeply altered our identities as never before.

Another technology which has a profound effect is the field of medical science. Many dangerous diseases now can be cured. For example, treatment of Malaria, Tuberculosis, and Cancer is available. This has been made possible with the help of technological advancements in bacterials & virsues research in laboratories, medication, and high-end machinery in hospitals. Birth mortality rates and overall average living rates have been increased. New technologies in the medical field, no doubt, have helped in altering views about the diseases.

In the same way, identities have been changed with the introduction of technologies in the field of engineering. All disciplines of engineering including electrical, mechanical, civil, chemical, and petroleum have affected our lives. Sky high building and bridges over the seas are the demonstration of advancements in civil engineering. For example, building Burj Khalifa, and China Chowk Building in Beijing are the examples of sky touching buildings. Similarly, King Fahad Causeway, connecting the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, at the top of the Arabian Sea. Similarly, underneath petroleum reservoirs in distant and remote locations, which were not exploitable, are being explored by drilling directional and horizontal wellbores. By all means, new technology, in the field of engineering has significant effects on human identities.

Likewise, new technology in modes of communication has shortened the distance and communication time intervals. Multiple cellular companies with advanced technologies are operating in every country of the word. People only have to take out the cell from the pocket to contact the person anywhere. The postal service, though still being used, is not as common as it used to be. People prefer to communicate on email service which is far quicker and reliable. Almost all multinational companies are using email as an official way of communication. All in all, technological advancements in the cellular network, the cell phone technology, and email services have helped in changing the identities rapidly.

Truly, the introduction of new technologies have altered the lives so much that humans are in the process of exploring space, the moon, and other stars. Space technology started to build up in the start of 1960s in former USSR and was equally well attained by the USA. A special program “Star Wars” was started in the USA. This has brought multiple advancements in our lives. Firstly, navigational systems have been improved. Secondly, weather satellites can more accurately forecast the weather updates. Thirdly, the broadcasting system has been modernised. Together with these points, as a matter of fact, technological advancement have taken human to the moon, and mars. Researchers are busy in finding the chances of lives on other planets.

In like manner, travelling has become easy, fast, and luxurious. There was a time when it used to take months while travelling from one country to another country. Countless improvements have made air transport more secure and the distance of months can be covered in hours. As an illustration, a flight from Sydney, Australia to New York, the USA takes around 20 hours. Similarly, within countries, speedy ways of travelling have eased our lives. Bullet trains and Metro Buses are quick and secure ways of travelling in our daily lives. Therefore, it is correct to mention that new technology has improved modes of travelling and humans are benefitting from it.

In the same way, technological improvements and modernism have completely changed the identity of battlefields and thereupon the identity of human being itself. In the first place, humanity is one the verge of destruction with the development of nuclear weapons. Such weapons can destroy city after city in a flash of a moment. To enumerate, the World War II witnessed the dropping of atomic bombs on two Japanese cities and killed millions of people. Since then seven States have piled up stock on nuclear arsenal for counter strike ability and for deterrence. Also, weapons of mass destruction, chemical or biological, can cause destruction on a smaller level as compared to nuclear weapons. Yet sufficient enough to take away thousands of peoples' lives. Under these circumstances, it is evident that humans through new developments have, in some cases, have prepared necessary stuff to wipe out humanity itself. Benazir Bhutto rightly said, “we owe it to our children to build the world free of the threat of nuclear weapons.”

In the light of above mentioned discussion, it is right to say that more that technology use of technology is more important. The actors, their purpose and objective using any particular technology sets the tone for expected outcomes. Since most of the digital technology is available to everyone, the use can be classified by state actors, non-state actors, and individuals.

The states are using advance technology in multiple ways which have significant effects on lives. For example, cellular, computer, and the internet technology has brought us together. Consequently, the world has shrunk and the concept of the global village has emerged ferociously as ever. Identically, other such advancements make the workflow much easier in various governmental offices such as Similarly, new technology is being used in the fields of agriculture, medical, space, to facilitate the life of its citizens. Likewise, the States are actors possessing warfare and nuclear technology. Intentional or incidental use of such technology can bring a calamitous end to humanity.

On the negative side, the equally important fact is that the same new technology in non-state actors can alter our life in reversed direction. It is important to realise that non-state actors do not have any land or people to protect. Hence, the negative use of technology is on cards. For example, highly sophisticated technology and mechanisms were used in 9/11 attack on the USA. In recent time, terrorist organisations are using social media to share their ideas and to recruit educated masses. The topic of annual World Economic 2017 was “Terrorism in digital age” and focus was on the use of digital technologies by the terrorist organisation. Hence, it must be remembered that any technology have two sides and it depends on who is using it.

In the same manner, new technologies have radically altered the lives of on the individual level as well. For instance, credit card facilities have made shopping lot easier. People can buy any item of their choice by simply sitting in their rooms. Similarly, relatives out of the country can be contacted immediately and cheaply. Various social media and calling apps provide platforms for it. Another notable effect of the technology is getting an online education. The professional people without losing their current job can enhance their education and get distinction in their workplace. A number of renowned universities are offering courses and degrees via distance learning. For example, Heriot-Watt university in the United Kingdom is offering Masters degree in Petroleum Engineering. Similarly, Allama Iqbal Open University in Pakistan also offers multiple programs in the fields of arts and science.

To sum up, research and development in the field of science have brought up new technology in last six or seven decades. The introduction of new technologies in almost every field, inter alia, engineering, medical, communication, modes of travelling, and education has altered human lives radically. In the long run, the direction of this alteration depends upon the actors using it. Notwithstanding all the positive impacts, in reality, lives have been relatively tougher and insecure with imaginative implications of war. Humans itself have brought themselves to such a level and humans, too, can bring this fear down. Consequently, new technology will only be used for the betterment of social and economic lives.

Unfortunately, I attempted the same essay in 2015 and flunked in only one paper, Essay.

My outline was more thorough and I have detailed knowledge of the subject. I have even written a text book on Information Systems Audit. But, I made it more technical than argumentative.

So, in my opinion, highly technical essays should be avoided at all costs.

__________________
If you can't get the ball, get the man!

Brother your essay is good but you have committed some grammatical mistakes. Practice will help you to improve.

Dear MMani, let me assay your attempt.
Please remember that i am no expert and i am checking your essay as a third person. i hope you take it as constructive criticism.

First of all, tell me what is your take on the topic. Do you agree with the statement or you intend to refute it ? Make your intentions clear. Don't make me guess your stance.

Secondly, i think you have failed to comprehend the topic.
Remember ! there are always two parts of an essay Question
1. TOPIC
2. Question
in this case
Topic = New Digital Technology
Question = Radically altered our lives
Your essay should revolve around these two elements.
and trust me burj khalifa has not radically altered our lives. what is redical about BK ? Instead, smart phones have more impact. getting my point ?

Lastly, mere reading of your outline is very simple. it is anything but tempting.
why are you telling me about CS, internet, blah blah blah ? Do i look stupid ? Do i not know all of this ? when i can google all this and get this information. why should i read your essay ? Try to be more argumentative. try to convince me that new digital technologies have Radically changed our lives. simple !

Adios !

This is very nice and decent post ..... You rocked posting it .... Thanks a lot for posting it ....!!!!

i am a beginner, However i perceive it appreciatable.