Essay Outlines

[SikanderAbbasi]

The Threats of Global Warming and the Ways to Counter it.
1. Introduction (Opening and thesis statement)
2. Increasing warming of the planet earth
3. Threats to Global Warming
3.1 Acute Paucity of Water
3.2 Melting Permafrost and Icecaps
3.3. Exorbitant increase in GHG emissions
3.4. Soil erosion
3.5. Extinction of polar and aquatic creatures
3.6. Overpopulation
4. Possible repercussions
4.1. Increase in flood and drought crisis
4.2. Food insecurity
4.3. Species influx from cold to warm areas
4.4. Acid rain
4.5. Increasing demand for water
5. Ways to counter global warming
5.1. Compliance of global accords/agreements
5.2. Replacement of non-renewable with renewable energy resources
5.3. Indispensability of plantation and seed protection
5.4. Water conservation
5.5. Need to achieve SDGs' targets
6. Conclusion



Is Colonial Legacy Impeding Pakistan's Progress?
1. Introduction (Opening and Thesis Statement)
2. How is colonial legacy impeding Pakistan's progress?
2.1. Social Impediments
-Perfunctory attitude towards cultural norms and activities
-Snubbing our indigent and crouching opulent
-Factitious simulation of western communication method and instinct
-Perverted attitude towards women
-Exagerratory liking of the western screenplay and neglecting traditional entertainment
-Increasing dependency on English as a medium of language
-A scornful posture of Pakistan's diaspora
2.2. Economic Impediments
-Incessant reliance on dollars
-Consumption of imported commodities and fickle domestic production
-Lack of techniques and capacity to utilize domestic resources
2.3 Political Impediments
-Intermittent interference of western bloc and destabilization of national integrity
-US belligerence towards Pakistan by signing treaties and agreements with immediate neighbours
-Patriarchal dominance of domestic politics
3. How can we steer Pakistan towards progress?
3.1. Reinvigoration of Islamic spirits and its principles
3.2. Imparting ethical and moral education
3.3.Uplifting cultural supremacy
3.4. Investment in the entertainment industry to promote national screenplay
3.5. Requisite necessity of raising awareness among lower social strata
3.6. Reformation of state institutions to steer economic progress
3.7. Provision of fundamental rights and opportunities
4. Conclusion



Water Scarcity and National Unity
1. Introduction (Opening and Thesis Statement)
2. Retrospection of water mismanagement
2.1. Indus Water Treaty and subsequent emergence of water scarcity
2.2. Civilian governments' ineptness to render water conservation strategies
2.3. Lack of unanimous national water policy
2.4. Interminable animosity between federal and provincial governments
3. The present natural calamities
3.1. Unpredictable climate extremes
3.2. Melting of glaciers and resultant flood crisis
3.3. Volcanic eruptions and eventual soil erosion
4. Agricultural issues
4.1. Waterlogging
4.2. Low crop yield and ultimate food insecurity
4.3. Lack of techniques to preserve surplus water flow
5. Industrial issues
5.1. Profuse wastage of groundwater for production/manufacturing
5.2. Huge profits of bottled water/water distributing companies
6. Other issues
6.1. Prevalence of diseases from importable water consumption
6.2. Scarcity of dams
6.3. Overpopulation
6.4 A long-simmering issues of Kalabagh dam
6.5 Lethargy of public to consume only required water
6.6 Unequal share of water for provinces and its diversion
7. How can national unity be achieved?
7.1. accountability of industrial (public and privately owned) companies
7.2. Construction of more dams
7.3. Plantation of more trees to reduce GHG emissions
7.4 Imposition of company tax for privately-owned companies
7.5. Installation of modern agricultural equipment
7.6. Voluntary family planning programs to prevent population growth
8. Conclusion

[SikanderAbbasi]

Crisis of Good Governance in Pakistan. Need for Reforms and Institution Building

Outlines
1. Introduction (Opening and Thesis Statement)
2. Contemplation of governance crisis in Pakistan
2.1. Intermittent military intervention in government affairs
2.2. Frequent looming crisis of governance
3. the present looming crisis of governance
3.1. Rampant corruption and misuse of state resources
3.2. Lack of accountability and inexperienced accountability institutes
3.3. Political influence in bureaucracy
3.4. Lack of implementation of unified state policies
3.5. Prevalence of nepotism/favouritism
3.6. Wastage of youth intellect and capacity
3.7. Absence of rule of law
3.8. Excessive use of authority
3.9. federal-provincial animosity
4. Adverse effects of the above crisis
4.1. Misinterpretation and wrongful enacting of laws as a result of absence of rule of law
4.2. Lack of implementation of government writ as a result of a schism in state policies
4.3. Media trial of civil servants owing to political intervention
4.4. Absence of youth intellect due to nepotism
4.5. aristocratic tendencies due to excessive use of authority
4.6. Occasional clamour of provincial governments due to inequality in resource provisions
5. Requisite essentials for reforms and institution building
5.1. National integrity
5.2. Accountability and transparency
5.3. No or marginal military say in government affairs
5.4. supremacy of rule of law with parity
5.5. Introduction of local government system (devolution of powers in the hands of the local populace)
5.6. Monitoring of state institutions for proper rendering of services
5.7. Need for civil service reforms
5.8. Strengthening of democratic system as per constitutional principles
5.9. Public participation
6. Conclusion