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Old Wednesday, February 06, 2019
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Default Hybrid warfare (5th generation war) complete essay

Title: Hybrid Warfare against Pakistan

Hybrid Warfare Is Myth Or Reality

Third World War Will Be Hybrid War

1. Introduction

2. Concept Of Hybrid Warfare

3. Tools of Hybrid Warfare

A. Technology war

B. Creation Of Chaos Theory

C. Proxy Elements

D. Cyber Warfare

4. Origin Of Hybrid Warfare

5. Evidence Of Hybrid Warfare Against Pakistan By India

A. Afghanistan As Safe heavens For India

B. Indian Media Campaign

C. Espionage Network In Balochistan

D. Backing Rhto-linguistic Politicians In Karachi

E. Fake News Related To CPEC

F. Social Media Fake Accounts

G. Cyber Warfare

H. New Dehli Breeding Revolutionist In Pakistan

I. BLA Backed By India

J. Indian Paid Media Persons

6. Pakistan Needed Improve Its Deterrence

A. Realization Of Theory

B. Media Involvement Through PEMRA

C. NAP Improvement

D. Deradicalization Centers

E. Diplomatic Maneuvers

F. Counter-terrorism On Social Media

G. Wove Ideology Of Pakistan

H. POPA

I. Role Of Intellectuals

7. Conclusion



Causing war is a natural instinct. it is always controlled by society and civilization. power to rule is what drives this insatiable desire to create war. To play with God is the ultimate desire of the powerful. The outcome, however, is always never long-lasting. Who has not heard about Hybrid war is quite questionable. perhaps, someone who has never read a newspaper or news channel. Hybrid warfare is the new buzz word. Apparently, this is a new type of warfare. Russian offensive into Ukraine and Crimea, Hizbollah's successful campaign against Israel Defense Forces and the rise of non-state actors like DAESH and ISIL have resulted in a view that the world is facing a new form of warfare: Hybrid warfare (5th Generation Warfare). For NATO is working on strategies that can be utilized to counter the Russian so-called hybrid war capability. At the core of this debate is an older concept known as a concept of Soviet Deep battle. Hybrid Generation Warfare (5th GW) once thought to be a generation too far in scope, has arrived and irreversibly changing the dynamics of war. It could be a foreign-sponsored ideological movement like the Muslim Brotherhood or Al-Qaeda or a state well-defined political objectives and the motives besides frustration could be self-generated or instigation like in the case of Arab Spring of 2011 or even a monetary incentive for the fighters. As for Pakistan, one has come across numerous statements that hybrid war is currently going against Pakistan. The line of reasoning argues that Pakistan is under at least eight different types of attacks: economic, foreign involvement in instigating internal unrest in the country, propaganda, an adverse diplomatic campaign against Pakistan, cyber-attack sand terrorism. Asymmetry is increasingly a new normal. Pakistan needs to revamped and overhauled so that it is not only fully synchronization with the contemporary best practices but prepare itself well for the future. In this process, a sense of urgency is a key ingredient, and Pakistan does not have the luxury of time.

According to Frank Hoffman, conventional weapons, unconventional tactics including the use of terror and criminal behavior play a significant role. In such a war, the population of a country is the primary target of an enemy's onslaught, be it a physical or psychological attack or a combination of both. The most significant aspect of the hybrid war is the effective use of different means and modes of warfare to achieve its objective by the part waging such an attack. Hybrid warfare is in vogue these days and increasingly becoming the part of the military vocabulary the world over. One often hears that this is the age of hybrid warfare and the rule of the game are changing and war is no more a simple and a linear concept/ However, the notion of 5th GW has its own limitations and flaws. First of all, it is a vague concept and no one is really sure what exactly it means and how it is different from other similar or identical concepts. The concept of 4th GW: fourth generation warfare focuses on the weakening of the state institutions and how non-state actors would use it to their advantages. Chinese Army’s concept of unrestricted warfare focusing on adversary’s economy and social interest by waging a media war against it to name such concept that furnishes similar if not overlapping ideas to what is now projected as hybrid warfare. Military history is rich with such examples where a state used multiple means to hurt its enemy: Iberian leader expedition against Sertorious in 2nd century is among the earliest examples of what today defined as hybrid warfare. Numerous other examples exist in military history such as Rome versus Germania around 9 A.D., during the Napoleonic wars, the American Revolution.

Hybrid warfare thrives on potent, unstoppable ideas whose time has come. While the concept is evolving and there are no hard and fast rules. Technology is not a problem itself. It all comes down to ideas. Powerful, attractive and well-framed ideas are a force reckoned with. Ideas can have destroyed the empire, by softening them for a conventional war. Ideas are the decisive factors. Technologically advanced nation are in an advantageous position in the realm of hybrid warfare. They can exploit non-attributable means like cyber, information warfare, surprise deception.

Hybrid warfare broadens the idea of conflict to include various elements of national power to impose aggressor’s will on its opponents through integrated adaptive and asymmetrical synchronized destructive effects on them in a multi-dimensional space and in various sphere of life. In the primacy focus is taking control of society, influencing mindsets of people and manipulating people who are responsible for making important decisions in a state.

Asymmetrical warfare in a hostile country. Admittedly, asymmetric warfare is a strategy is the choice of a weaker actor and thereby logically weaker nations or actor adopt hybrid warfare strategies to avoid distribution and retribution. Military superior states are employing hybrid warfare strategies against their opponents since the total war as an instrument of state policy is becoming obsolete.

The shuffling and reshaping of figures in the financial markets and the major players creating the ripples that bring about financial instability in countries dependent on foreign loans. Not only this affect loan dependent countries it is used as a tool to break the economy of a country itself only later to lift it up when other countries have invested in that region. There are many other ways the economic warfare employed to bring about changes in a given region.

Cyberspace is often used in conflicts to take out the communication systems of the adversary. And discussions about cyber warfare are usually limited to the computerized systems that help run in daily lives and businesses, sustain critical infrastructure, financial transactions, and electricity. Targeting social media platforms and accounts to breach password-protected spaces, after the content of a profile, a rendered website completely unusable.

Indeed, Mexico and Afghanistan are examples of hybrid war. For example, the drug war in Mexico, which since 2006 have killed more than 50 thousand people, directly linked to the internal struggle for spheres of influence between drug cartels, police corruption and U.S intervention. The emergence of hybrid warfare was the practices of organizations such as Hamas and Hizbollah. American and other experts believe that the Lebanese political organization Hizbollah during the conflict with Israel in 2006, used hybrid methods of warfare, it also followed the insurgents in Iraq, overstating attacks on American occupying force. Moreover, the EU’s weekly Disinformation Review documented nearly 1000 fake stories issued in one small period from October 2015 to July 2016 directed against Ukraine and the three Baltic states. Ukraine and Ukrainian nationalism were and continue to remain key targets for Soviet and Russian hybrid information warfare. In the decade before the crisis, Russia’s hybrid, information, and cyber warfare were first used against Ukraine and its neighbor and later against Europe and North America.

Exploitation of domestic fault lines lie political, economic and societal is the main target of hybrid warfare. The incremental approach that is followed in hybrid warfare is designed to gut a state from within. Hybrid is very much relevant in Pakistan. In fact, the state and society of Pakistan are already against hybrid warfare launched by India.

Furthermore, the adversaries have been successfully operating hybrid warfare techniques to bleed Pakistan. They failed to coerce or frighten Islamabad with their conventional and nuclear weapons mighty arsenals. They are making alliances and devising new trade routes to undercut Pakistani trade. They are also using sophisticated propaganda for maligning and financing militants for conducting terrorist activities in the country.

Though, India has initiated a media campaign worth Rs. 7 billion against Pakistan by utilizing all the sources including television, newspapers, books, social media, films, dramas and radio. As part of the campaign, India already launched a multimedia website and application of its Balochi radio service. The radio station which broadcast its transmission in Baloch community to stand up against Pakistan. This propaganda can be disastrous as the same technique was used before the fall of Dhaka. India has also started a TV news channel called Zee Salam which broadcasts in Urdu language serving the same purpose.

Moreover, the intelligence and sabotage network established by Indian naval commander Kulbhushen Sundhir Jhadav in the Iranian port of Chabhar is a prime example of the nature of the hybrid warfare Pakistan faced in recent years. He was arrested inside Pakistani Province Baluchistan in 2016. India denies he was on a mission and said it can not explain how he ended up inside Pakistan.

Meanwhile, the combination of tools deployed by this network for terrorism and spying inside spying Pakitan is breathtaking. It involved recruiting low-level individuals in Pakistani Political Parties in Karachi, ethno-linguistic hate attacks, sectarian attacks and terror activities designed to disrupt the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.

So far so good, but what is worrisome is a barrage of rumors and misinformation, manufactured by the CPEC detractors, that being funneled and fed into the national and international media. Their main target is the people and opinion makers of Pakistan. The attack is multi-pronged. Rumors are fabricated to telling the Chinese that it is not safe to invest in Pakistan; and then to disseminate stories that China is retracting and pulling out. A most common debate of them is the fabrication of news that Pakistan is going to a Chinese colony. All malicious falsehoods to sabotage the corridor and its dividends.

Even so, Social media forum is another tool using by India to sabotage Pakistan. She is using Afghanistan as part of their strategies to carry forward their agendas through different proxies as well as through social media. To support this strategy India has created about 35 thousand plus Bot Profiles on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter under Pakistani names, mostly with Baloch and Pashtuns. They are also sharing the number of fake photos and videos of Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, and FATA on daily basis, systematically manipulating Pakistan’s social media with clever misinformation.

Consequently, her adversaries knew that Pakistan can never be baited out by kinetic warfare so they adopted the non-kinetic approach. They used their proxies no disrupt Pakistan's pace towards growth. This time they hit the fault line of FATA and the Pashtun ethnicity. Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) is a practical manifestation of this 5th GW which has its roots in anti-state propaganda setting by anti-Pakistan.

Simultaneously, the Chinese consulate attack in Pakistan’s largest city of Karachi was targeted by a suicide attack that was claimed by Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA), an Indian backed terrorist group that’s been a problem for decades. The state has recently scored plenty of success against it though in both military and ideological domain. The actual aim of BLA is to disrupt CPEC and make Balochistan a victim land forever.

Simultaneously, there is a number of internal traitors within the country, yet the real character of Tarek Fatah who is a writer, author and broadcaster need special attention. He is Pakistani born, Canadian national who has also remained in Saudi Arabia is suffering from personality disorder. Tarek Fatah has tried to conceal his face by showing contradictions, but one can note his anti-Islam and anti-Pakistan prejudice through his articles, statements, books and changing loyalties. While playing in the hand of Indians he was doing to get money and media coverage. He is the staunch enemy of Pakistan, and he is part of Indian launched hybrid warfare.

Firstly, in last November Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan (COAS), General Qamar Javed Bajwa has revealed that Pakistan is under hybrid war from two decades. He said that Pakistani nation and its armed forces have bravely and successfully stood up to these challenges and is on a positive trajectory to defeat it effectively. A hybrid conflict where the focus is shifting to subversion on religious, sectarian, ethnic and social issues. This needs a comprehensive national response. To achieve the clarify objectives of COAS, a greater responsibility is on nation’s shoulder especially youth to stay ware and steadfast against propaganda onslaught being launched through soft offensive.

Secondly, involve direct private media through the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulation Authority to defeat Indian media campaign against Pakistan. In this case, an immediate responsible image of media is needed to remove the adverse effects of the Indian media campaign. Though it is not only the media responsibility alone it must be backed by the government of Pakistan.

Thirdly, given that the National Action Plan (NAP) has political consensus and a broad framework of involvement of all elements of national power, it should be implemented in totality. There are some points of NAP that need more attention to effectively curb violent extremist in the country. Few are part of NAP while others are not: improve management and control at Torkham, Chaman, and other porous regions of the Pak-Afghan border, enhance vigilance and control of the movement of Afghan refugees into Pakistan, the entry of all Afghan citizens into Pakistan should be meticulously checked and properly documented and the government must expedite the process of the Afghan refugees repatriation.

Fourthly, it is important to upgrade the vast network, which Pakistani authorities busted operation inside Pakistan, and mostly run by Pakistanis. Up to 1000 individuals were reportedly arrested after Cdr. Jhadav’s arrest. Now law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) and then the court must show leniency to proscribed terrorist organizations and spy network of India. LEAs need to be funded appropriately and urgently to enable its functions. While National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA) led by Ministry of Interior entrenched inter-intelligence information between LEAs. Other ministries and state institutions must fully support it.

Fifthly, there are six deradicalization programmes throughout the country: Saboon center for Rehabilitation, Mishal, Sparlay, Rastoon, Pythom, and Heila. These deradicalization programmes have provided a nucleus and a beacon for subsequent large. A complete reintegration process can indeed help former militants to develop stronger bond and ties to their communities, thereby making it easier for them to reintegrate within their societies. There is a need for cross-sector collaboration between all the stakeholders, relevant agencies, and institutions.

Sixthly, Pakistan has succeeded conveying the message to the world that corridors are there for people to use. They serve as arteries not only for trade and tourism but also of civilizational exchanges of ideas, knowledge, and technology. A positive response is seen and the world is ready to join the corridor. Now, deter war, at least till the completion of all the CPEC projects and caution the US that frequent Indian threats will compel it to recoil from its western borders, which will be disastrous for peace and region. A diplomatic maneuver is needed by Politicians, business persons, media persons, and overseas Pakistani to invite the world at corridor; and show them a responsible image of Pakistan.

Seventhly, the government should incorporate counter-terrorism on the social media to large terrorism operations. The government model to strategically counter-terrorism on the social media would rest on principles. The first is to research the issue by monitoring social media after research then the action is taken. Emphasis should be shifted from data collection to data analysis. The government also need to be quick in the adaptive learning curve. The youth and terrorist are digital natives and innovative. To beat them in the new digital environment counter-terrorism agencies and adapt quickly. The best way is to involve the public at large in countering the extremist messaging.

Eightly, there are revisionists from within Pakistan, who are questioning the two-nation theory and campaigning against the objectives resolution and the supremacy of the Quran and Sunnah in policy and constitution. They pose threat to national security. The voices of these dissenters need not be muffled undemocratically but a deliberate and systematic effort should be made be assert ownership of the ideology by state institutions and civil society. The ideology of Pakistan is alive in the hearts and minds of the people, but there is a determined push by India and some freewheeling intellectuals in Pakistan to undermine it. People have to live ideology and it has to be woven into the fabric of society.

Ninethly, Protection of Pakistan Act (POPA), after the constitution of Pakistan 1973, is the only law which reinforces the concept of enemy alien and non-availability of certain protections to him under the law. A detention regime must put in place as well as special courts for prosecution of the offenders under POPA. POPA is the best possible solution to deal with non-state actors like BLA and vice versa. The creation of NACTA overcomes stakeholders overcome the lack of coordination and information sharing between stakeholders and fighting terrorism.

Tenthly, intellectuals and journalists have to do much homework as exposing black sheep in media like Tarek Fateh. So far public must aware of them and youth must take part in this campaign. That would go on a long way so-called journalists who in the name of the freedom of the press cross all limits of proprietary and professionalism and bring a bad name to this honorable profession.

To Cut the bone, Pakistan has done well in the realm of security too. Its credible strategic deterrence and its conventional redoubt, despite obvious asymmetries, vis-à-vis India has made Pakistan secure. India would not think of mounting an attack against Pakistan. Vulnerabilities and risks remain that require vigilance and preparedness. India has unleashed 5th generation warfare: full throttle against Pakistan that includes psychological warfare, cyber warfare, political, ideological and media proxies, and a worldwide diplomatic campaign to demonize and isolate Pakistan. There is no time to lose as this war is damaging Pakistan grievously. This warfare would not have succeeded without the toll participation of civilians, political parties, civil society, think tanks, academic institutions, and the media. This, thus, leads to a driving sense of urgency. Move ahead with stunning speed and meticulous precision; this is possible.



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