I have written an essay on topic, Corruption in Pakistan. The readers of my essay are very much welcomed, nay appreciated to point out flaws in this piece of writing.

Topic

Outline
I- Introduction
A- General Statements
B- Thesis Statement- Corruption in Pakistan persists due to bad governance and current sociocultural norms. It can be fought by implementing broad reformative polices.
II- Bad governance
A- Bad Governance in Past
- Pre-independence period
- Post-independence period
B- Faulty Accountability laws
- Coercive measures
- Plea bargain and voluntary returns
- Lacuna in laws
C- Legal flux
D- Executive orders encouraging corruption
- Amnesty schemes
- Tax exemptions
- Targeted subsidies
- Load write offs
- Export incentives
E- Creation of unequal society
- Sense of entitlement
- Concentration of resources
- Patronage of mafia
III- Deterioration of social norms
A- Acceptance of corruption by society
B- Peer-group pressure
C- Privileged class
D- Discarding Islamic values
E- Pursuit of worldly life
IV- Fighting Corruption
A- Good Governance
- Efficient Administration
- Strong Regulatory Authorities
- Effective supervisory bodies
- Just and fair prosecution
- Protect and autonomous bureaucracy
- Minimize discretionary powers
- Equity based policy formulation
B- Fortification of institutional check and balance
C- Respect of power trichotomy
D- Create equal society
- Abolition of feudalism
- Promote merit
- Equal opportunities for all
E- Promote Education
V- Conclusion


[RIGHT][RIGHT]After seventy-two years of independence, Pakistan still is a developing country. Despite of resources in abundance and manpower with reasonable intelligence Pakistan has not progressed, this is because of scourge of corruption. Crisis of good governance, weakening of institutions and deterioration of social values have led the creation of unequal society. Corruption in Pakistan persists due to bad governance and current sociocultural norms, it can be fought by implementing broad reformative polices.
First of all, it is bad governance that has been nurturing corruption in Pakistan. It is not a new phenomenon. There has been bad governance in the past as well.
During the British period, locals who were holding public offices promoted the culture of favoritism and embezzlement pf public funds. British officials overlooked these acts of local public office holders.
After independence, these policies intensified. Merit was neglected and wrong people were appointed at important positions. Another factor was dictatorship in post-independence period. In order to gain public support, few families were empowered to run for administration. This provided boost to bad governance.
Fighting corruption has been the agenda of every government and anti-corruption laws have been made. All these laws have faults in them. The current law to fight corruption, National Accountability Ordinance 1999, contains faulty provisions.
Firstly, it empowers official of National Accountability Bureau to imply coercive measures. These measures are a prior guilty declaration, usurpation of liberty, denial of bail, remand for months, seizure of properties at will and sometimes blackmailing. All these actions are contrary to fundamental rights granted by the constitution.
Anti-corruption law is not only coercive in nature, but also is tenuous at the same time. It allows culprits to enter in a plea bargain deal and voluntary returns deals so as to secure honorable exit. Supreme court has in its one judgement raised objection to this treatment of anti-graft body.
There are also many lacuna in anti-corruption laws, now a culture has been developed that one only needs a good lawyer and get away with all charges, people abuse public powers and amass funds illegally. When they are approached by anti-graft body, their lawyers exploit gaps and loopholes in the law and get relief.
Next, there is legal flux in this country. Laws are replaced before they secure ground in the country. Anti-corruption laws face same dilemma. The present accountability law was passed by parliament after proper debate and deliberation. Before NAO 1999, there were many anti-corruption laws whose lives were cut short and new laws were introduced according to sociopolitical requirements.
Among other things, executives orders encouraged corruption. These orders were ostensibly passed in order to raise revenue but eventually helped corrupt people to whiten their black money.
One among them is amnesty scheme. Every now and the, an executive order is introduced which allows pubic to declare their assets without disclosing the sources. This step is discouraging for those who are honest and already paying due tax to the government.
Another such order is grant of tax exemption to specific people. These people lobby their way in the policy making bodies, bribe them and avail tax exemptions for their businesses.
Such people not only avail different exemptions, but manage to acquire subsidies from the government for their business operations. Grant of targeted subsidies promote inequality in the society.
They do not stop here, thy also manage to get their loans written offs by the banks with the help of executive intervention. They are well-connected with government of all the time.
Furthermore, these people successfully secure different export incentives bypassing merit. These people actually conduct fund raising for political parties. When governments are formed, all favors are returned in various shapes explained above.
Bad governance thus create an unequal society. A specific class become darling of the rulers and get rewarded unfairly.
Consequently this class acquires the sense of entitlement. People of this elite class think themselves above the law. These people are well-entrenched and affect reform policies for the public. The only allow those policies to be formulated and implemented which are beneficial to only them. They think they entitles for all such favors.
Subsequently, this elite class of Pakistan has amassed resources. Majority on the other hand is deprived of resources required for reasonable lifestyle. Society shall be unequal until there is concentration of resources in few hands. This marginalized segment of society often opts for taking law into hand which create more chaos in society.
The privileged class patronize mafia in order to sustain its hold on to power. Mafia deeply are entrenched in the system. They continue benefiting the elite class and at the same time, keep the society divided and make them live in delusion.
All this started with bad governance which helped the culture of corruption to flourish in Pakistan and hindered its development.
Eventually, social norms of Pakistan deteriorated so badly that people are now accepting corruption as new normal. People in the society are respected for the big houses they live in, supports utility vehicle they drive and cleverness with which the can get away from law enforcement agencies.
Next, there is a pressure from peer-group to have a wealthy lifestyle. People in the surrounding unconsciously persuade to acquire means by hook or by crook. Societies are loosing ethical values when they used to hold.
Sense of belonging to a privileged class and look down upon marginalized class has actually polarized society. Purpose in life to get wealth by doing whatever it takes is not good for the health of society.
Get wealth is not a bad thing, but the illegal means employed for this purpose bring deterioration in the social norms. Pakistan is an Islamic country. Majority of it people hold Islamic value dear to heart. But these values are confined to performing few rituals and ignoring essence of these values. People now discard Islamic values not only waste their worldly lives, but also their hereafter.
Islamic education teaches us to be moderate in conduct of life. There is fortune in abundance in the hereafter. They are only for god-fearing people. Our society is so disfigured due to scourge of corruption that people only care about betterment of the worldly life.
Pakistan can be cleansed of corruption. After identifying the causes, solutions are presented so as to fight corruption. It was bad governance which sustained it. It can be eradicated by going good governance.
Good governance encompassing different policy factors. Implementation of following policies would help fighting corruption.
First of all, administration should run its affairs in efficient manners. Poor administration created the crisis of good governance. Administration can only be efficient if it is free from political interference and value merit.
Secondly, Pakistan is in need of strong regulatory authorities. There are regulatory authorities for all branch of government. But these are not as strong as these should be. Regulatory bodies top malpractices and ensure rule of law. Role of regulatory bodies has dwindled considerably which created the vacuum for corruption to flourish. Stronger the regulatory bodies are, harder it is for corruption to survive.
Thirdly, role of supervisory bodies is paramount. Effective supervision would block the way of corruption to grow. Supervision can only be effective when skillful staff appointed on merit performing their duties competently.
Fourthly, corruption can be fought when there is just and fair prosecution of corrupt people. Unfortunately in Pakistan, anti-corruption laws are used as tool for political engineering and taming the political opponents. Practices in Pakistan of prosecution for corruption has not been fair and just. It has to be transparent as well as impartial.
Fifthly, bureaucracy which is frame if steel to governance is not protected from political whims. Their constitutional immunity must be restored and efforts must be put to make bureaucracy autonomous. Equity based remuneration to civil servants would bar their involvement in corrupt practices as well.
Sixth, discretionary powers of all executive authorities must be minimized. Decision should base on rules of the book. Discretionary powers open floodgate of corruption and these powers only benefit few individuals.
Lastly, public policies should be formulated on equity and merit. For instance, sectors which are generating revenue should be developed on priority. Overhauling of loss making state owned enterprises should be considered instead of giving bail out packages.
Crisis of good governance can be resolved by making institutions stronger, independent and non-interfering. There is a difference between check and balance of institution and interference of institution. The former is established in all developed countries. And unfortunately, later has been practiced in Pakistan. All it needs is fortification of institutional check and balances so as to fight corruption.
There are three pillars of the state; executive, legislation and judiciary. These powerful pillars of the state ensure its existence. In past, these pillars of state compromised at on instance and transgressed at other. Establishment of respect of power trichotomy is inevitable now.
Since the society has become unequal and made ways for corruption to seep in, efforts must be made to make the society equal.
Pakistani societies cannot become equal until and unless feudalism is not rooted out from it. Our religion teaches us equality among people of society, our constitution guaranty equality of people of all segments. But in reality, few segments of society are privileged and other are marginalized. Equal society without clout of feudalism would root out corruption.
The other way to establish equal society is to promote merit. Tight people on the right position would not only ensure progress, but also eradicate corruption from its core. Promotion of merit is inevitable now, delay would lead to chaos and anarchy.
Finally, implementation of provisions of the constitution which state provision of equal opportunities for all to excel and contribute in nation building. There is still quota system in Pakistan prevailing. Focus on development of marginalized areas would help building equal society where there shall be equal opportunity for all.
Last but not least, education must be promoted. Education equips people with skills required for employment and also make them realize ethics and morality. People with skills and moral ethics would shun corruption on their own. But imparting quality education is the responsibility of the state. Countries who are low on corruption index are with high literacy rate. Whereas countries like Pakistan, which are high on corruption index have low literacy rate.
Corruption in Pakistan persists due to bad governance and sociocultural norms. It can be fought by implementing broad reformative policies. Pakistan is not among the developed countries of the world. Pakistan has whatever it takes to progress but bad governance hindered institutions to performs fairly, promoted inequality in society and made its values worse which ultimately helped corruption to thrive.

A good essay indeed, I must say. However, two points that need some consideration.

1. There are some minor grammatical mistakes. For example, you wrote "Pakistan still is a developing country", it should be written as "Pakistan is still a developing country". Another point is "Despite of resources in abundance and manpower" it should go "Despite abundant resources and manpower". There are many such mistakes that need revision.

2. An essay should be divided into roughly equal paragraphs. This is not the case as you can see, some parts are just one or two sentences and others appear as paragraphs.

Despite that, I must say it is a good try. Keep it up.

Thank you very much for your kind review. The points you have highlighted here are quite apt and I have duly noted them. I shall improve my expression and also be careful about the equal length of paragraphs in the essay.
Again, your response is appreciated and has provided me with much-needed motivation.

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