CSS Forums - outline for essay 2007

essay No. 1
The Political System of Pakistan and Elections 2007

Synopsis

Introduction:
James Freeman believes, “A politician thinks of the next election, a statesman, of next generation.”
59-year of political instability, military coup, religious exploitation, economic deprivation, social injustice but successful survival of the West Pakistan

Historic Perspective:
Rulers in sub-continent introduced art, music, but not democracy. The British controlled democracy

Politics of Conflict since 1947:
11 dissolved assemblies, 3 Martial Laws; making, amending and abrogating 3 constitutions; frequent LFOs and Ordinances
1947-56
1956-58
1958-69
1970-77
1977-88
1988-99
1999-2007 Liberalism, NSC, President in Uniform, Exile of ex Prime Ministers, US supported regime.

American Influence in the Politics of Pakistan:

Role of Fragmented Opposition:
Disharmony in MMA, Failure of APC, ousted big leaders, PONM and MQM politics of regionalism

Personalization of Politics:
Not manifestoes but personalities, Family politics, No party elections

General Elections 2007 and Challenges faced by Pakistan:
Fear of Pre and Post rigging, Inflation, terrorism, social injustice, poverty, Divide between Liberals and Conservatives. American intervention.

People’s Reaction:
Sick of dirty politics, want decent, just, and prosperous life

Factors behind political instability:
Illiteracy, corrupt politicians and bureaucracy, weak judiciary, Generals, controlled Media,

Pragmatic Solutions: True democracy, strong Judiciary, free media, people’s participation, Literacy, Development

essay 2
Women Empowerment
Synopsis

Introduction:
The carrier of human race but victim of male-eclipsed society. 52% of
Pakistan’s population but terribly deprived.

History of oppression in ‘Male-Made’ Civilization:
The Greeks, Hindu Vedic, Judaism, Hebrew Scriptures

Women in Today’s Western Materialistic world:
Rape, legalized prostitution, old houses, Beauty contests

Islamic Provisions elevate Her Financial and Social Status:
Education, inheritance, to work, participate in wars, business, consent for marriage, get divorce from husband, custody of children, ………..

Factors behind barbaric violence:
Financially weak, illiteracy, flawed legislation, distorted religion, feudal, limited mobility, male domination in all fields

Inhuman effects of gender discrimination:
Increased poverty due to non participation, honor killing, vanni, rapes after every two hours(BBC report) Marriage with Quran, pessimism in women, worldwide criticism, domestic violence, population growth

The Rise of Weaker-Sex (Winds of Hope)
Awareness by Media spread of Education, NGOs, Global wake up, more population, financial needs

Steps Taken by the Present Government:
Enlightened Leadership, Women’s Protection bill, 33% Seats, women in Army, Governor State Bank, Foreign Office, Addition of 10% quota in CSS, NGO Activists in Government Program.

Pragmatic Solution:
Education, financial empowerment, Media, social change, religious freedom, more legislation

Conclusion:

essay 3
Demands For provincial Autonomy

Synopsis

Introduction:
Jinnah, “Pakistan is like bouquet and provinces are its flowers.” Division of constitutional powers between the Center and Federating units. Center to take Defense, Currency and Foreign relations and rest with the province

Basis of Center- Province Relationship:
Units want federation due to security, economic integration, geographical unity. Why Not? For more economic advantage, for social, linguistic and ethnic freedom, sense of identity, and fear of dominance by the Mighty.

Pakistan Movement and Demand for Provincial Autonomy:
Indian National Congress’ clams and Muslims’ separatism, Acts of 1919 and 1935 gave provinces a separate status, Jinnah for Federation and Congress for Unitary System, 14 Points, Lahore Resolution, Election 1945-46 and making of Pakistan

Regional Politics since 1947:
Bengali Nationalism, Making for PONM (Pakistan’s Oppressed nations Movement) accusations that Punjab has dominated

Constitution making and Rights of the Provinces:
1956 and One Unit, 1962 introduces Single List for Center and Residuary powers for the Provinces, 1973 introduced Central, Provincial and Concurrent Lists

Present Center- Province Distrust:
crisis over NFC, Balochistan Problem, Dams, Royalty, Devilment in small provinces, Military actions, allegation that Punjab and Center are the two sides of a same coin

Why Strong Center in Pakistan?
String Military and Civil Bureaucracy, Two Nations Theory does not accept ethnicity, experience of Bengal, Fear of Indian Aggression,
Destructive Effects of provincial Unrest:
Foreign elements get strong, Energy Crunch, threats to security and economic development, lack of patriotism

Practical Solutions:
True Democracy, development, no military action, media debate3, inter provincial harmony

Conclusion: