Friday, March 29, 2024
11:08 AM (GMT +5)

Go Back   CSS Forums > CSS Compulsory Subjects > Essay

Reply Share Thread: Submit Thread to Facebook Facebook     Submit Thread to Twitter Twitter     Submit Thread to Google+ Google+    
 
LinkBack Thread Tools Search this Thread
  #11  
Old Thursday, November 21, 2013
Daisy's Avatar
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Oct 2011
Location: Behind Daffodil Hills...
Posts: 356
Thanks: 390
Thanked 350 Times in 170 Posts
Daisy has a spectacular aura aboutDaisy has a spectacular aura aboutDaisy has a spectacular aura about
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by M.A.N View Post
PART-4

[B][SIZE="4"]
References
As you may know, there are a range of different ways of writing references. Some of them involve using footnotes, or having separate lists called ‘References’ and ‘Bibliography’, and generally give you a headache. We therefore recommend the ‘Harvard’ system of referencing, which is straightforward, and widely-used by publishers and academics. THE HARVARD REFERENCE SYSTEM It’s quite simple. When you quote or paraphrase something, you cite the author’s last name, the year of publication, and the page reference, in brackets. For example: The popularity of baked beans soared when Elvis Presley was seen to eat six whole tins on Entertainment Tonight in 1959 (Heinz, 2000: 34).
At the end of the essay you then include a ‘References’ section which must include every item you’ve referred to in the essay. If there are two or more works by an author published in the same year, distinguish them as 2000a, 2000b, and so on. References are written in the following style:

Type of reference: Example of reference:


Book Heinz, Edward (2000) A History of Baked Beans, London: Arnold.
Article in book Johnson, Sarah (1998a) ‘The Cornflake in History’ in Norman Jennings (ed.)
Food for Thought, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Article in journal Johnson, Sarah (1998b) ‘Deconstructing the pre-millennial diet: Special K and
postmodernism’, Cultural Studies 11, 1: 32–44.

Explanation: This means that an article by Sarah Johnson called ‘Deconstructing the pre-millennial
diet: Special K and postmodernism’ was published in the journal Cultural Studies,
volume 11, number 1, on pages 32 to 44. This issue of the journal was published in 1998.
The piece is listed here as ‘(1998b)’ since it’s the second of two articles by Sarah Johnson,
which we are referring to, published in 1998.

Article in newspaper
Ratner, Clifford (2000) ‘Magazine sparks love feud’, The Independent,
10 October 2000, Thursday Review section: 14.
Article from the internet

Wherever possible, identify the author, so you can have a reference like this:
Holmes, Amy (2000), ‘Greenpeace wins media war’, at http://www.independent.
co.uk/international/green25.htm (accessed: 25 November 2000).
Always state the date you visited the site. If you can’t state the author, have a reference like this:
BBC Online (2000) ‘Radical autumn shake-up’, at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/
10276.htm (accessed: 8 December 2000).
Refrences?? Is it compulsory to write Refrences at the end of each essay?? Someone please guide about it.....
__________________
"And whoever puts all his trust in ALLAH, He will be enough for him" (Al-Quran 65:1)
Reply With Quote
  #12  
Old Thursday, November 21, 2013
Taimur Arbab's Avatar
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Jan 2013
Location: Karachi and Hala
Posts: 24
Thanks: 10
Thanked 15 Times in 11 Posts
Taimur Arbab is on a distinguished road
Default

No--it is an essay paper not a dissertation submission. You can just use citations inside the essay and mention the name of the source.
Reply With Quote
  #13  
Old Thursday, January 22, 2015
Asad Ali Jogi's Avatar
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jan 2014
Location: Hyderabad, Thari Mirwah, Karachi (Sindh)
Posts: 120
Thanks: 290
Thanked 55 Times in 32 Posts
Asad Ali Jogi is on a distinguished road
Thumbs up One stop ESSAY Writing guide

Guide to Writing a Basic Essay

An essay can have many purposes, but the basic structure is the same no matter what. You may be writing an essay to argue for a particular point of view or to explain the steps necessary to complete a task. Either way, our essay will have the same basic format. If you follow a few simple steps, you will find that the essay almost writes itself. You will be responsible only for supplying ideas, which are the important part of the essay anyway.
Don't let the thought of putting pen to paper daunt you. Get started!
These simple steps will guide you through the essay writing process:
• Decide on your topic.
• Prepare an outline or diagram of your ideas.
• Write your thesis statement.
• Write the body.
• Write the main points.
• Write the sub-points.
• Elaborate on the sub-points.
• Write the introduction.
• Write the conclusion.
• Add the finishing touches.
Choose a Topic for Your Essay
Topic Has Been Assigned
You may have no choice as to your topic. If this is the case, you still may not be ready to jump to the next step.
Think about the type of paper you are expected to produce. Should it be a general overview, or a specific analysis of the topic? If it should be an overview, then you are probably ready to move to the next step. If it should be a specific
analysis, make sure your topic is fairly specific. If it is too general, you must choose a narrower subtopic to discuss.
For example, the topic "KENYA" is a general one. If your objective is to write an overview, this topic is suitable. If your objective is to write a specific analysis, this topic is too general. You must narrow it to something like "Politics in Kenya" or "Kenya's Culture."
Once you have determined that your topic will be suitable, you can move on.
Not to be distributed without the permission of the author.
Topic Has Not Been Assigned
If you have not been assigned a topic, then the whole world lies before you. Sometimes that seems to make the task of starting even more intimidating. Actually, this means that you are free to choose a topic of interest to you, which will often make your essay a stronger one.
Define Your Purpose
The first thing you must do is think about the purpose of the essay you must write. Is your purpose to persuade
people to believe as you do, to explain to people how to complete a particular task, to educate people about some
person, place, thing or idea, or something else entirely? Whatever topic you choose must fit that purpose.
Brainstorm Subjects of Interest
Once you have determined the purpose of your essay, write down some subjects that interest you. No matter what
the purpose of your essay is, an endless number of topics will be suitable.
If you have trouble thinking of subjects, start by looking around you. Is there anything in your surroundings that
interests you? Think about your life. What occupies most of your time? That might make for a good topic. Don't
evaluate the subjects yet; just write down anything that springs to mind.
Evaluate Each Potential Topic
If you can think of at least a few topics that would be appropriate, you must simply consider each one individually.
Think about how you feel about that topic. If you must educate, be sure it is a subject about which you are
particularly well-informed. If you must persuade, be sure it is a subject about which you are at least moderately
passionate. Of course, the most important factor in choosing a topic is the number of ideas you have about that topic.
Even if none of the subjects you thought of seem particularly appealing, try just choosing one to work with. It may
turn out to be a better topic than you at first thought.
Before you are ready to move on in the essay-writing process, look one more time at the topic you have selected.
Think about the type of paper you are expected to produce. Should it be a general overview, or a specific analysis of
the topic? If it should be an overview, then you are probably ready to move to the next step. If it should be a specific
analysis, make sure your topic is fairly specific. If it is too general, you must choose a narrower subtopic to discuss.
For example, the topic "KENYA" is a general one. If your objective is to write an overview, this topic is suitable. If
your objective is to write a specific analysis, this topic is too general. You must narrow it to something like "Politics
in Kenya" or "Kenya's Culture."
Once you have determined that your topic will be suitable, you can move on.
Organize Your Ideas
The purpose of an outline or diagram is to put your ideas about the topic on paper, in a moderately organized format.
The structure you create here may still change before the essay is complete, so don't agonize over this.
Decide whether you prefer the cut-and-dried structure of an outline or a more flowing structure. If you start one or
the other and decide it isn't working for you, you can always switch later.
Diagram
1. Begin your diagram with a circle or a horizontal line or whatever shape you prefer in the middle of the
page.
2. Inside the shape or on the line, write your topic.
3. From your center shape or line, draw three or four lines out into the page. Be sure to spread them out.
4. At the end of each of these lines, draw another circle or horizontal line or whatever you drew in the center of the page.
5. In each shape or on each line, write the main ideas that you have about your topic, or the main points that you want to make.
• If you are trying to persuade, you want to write your best arguments.
• If you are trying to explain a process, you want to write the steps that should be followed. You will probably need to group these into categories.
If you have trouble grouping the steps into categories, try using Beginning, Middle, and End.
• If you are trying to inform, you want to write the major categories into which your information
can be divided.
6. From each of your main ideas, draw three or four lines out into the page.
7. At the end of each of these lines, draw another circle or horizontal line or whatever you drew in the center
of the page.
8. In each shape or on each line, write the facts or information that support that main idea.
When you have finished, you have the basic structure for your essay and are ready to continue.
Outline
1. Begin your outline by writing your topic at the top of the page.
2. Next, write the Roman numerals I, II, and III, spread apart down the left side of the page.
3. Next to each Roman numeral, write the main ideas that you have about your topic, or the main points that
you want to make.
• If you are trying to persuade, you want to write your best arguments.
• If you are trying to explain a process, you want to write the steps that should be followed.
You will probably need to group these into categories.
If you have trouble grouping the steps into categories, try using Beginning, Middle, and End.
• If you are trying to inform, you want to write the major categories into which your information can be divided.
4. Under each Roman numeral, write A, B, and C down the left side of the page.
5. Next to each letter, write the facts or information that support that main idea.
When you have finished, you have the basic structure for your essay and are ready to continue.
Compose a Thesis Statement
Now that you have decided, at least tentatively, what information you plan to present in your essay, you are ready to
write your thesis statement.
The thesis statement tells the reader what the essay will be about, and what point you, the author, will be making.
You know what the essay will be about. That was your topic. Now you must look at your outline or diagram and decide what point you will be making. What do the main ideas and supporting ideas that you listed say about your topic?
Your thesis statement will have two parts.
• The first part states the topic.
• Kenya's Culture
• Building a Model Train Set
• Public Transportation
• The second part states the point of the essay.
• has a rich and varied history
• takes time and patience
• can solve some of our city's most persistent and pressing problems Once you have formulated a thesis statement that fits this pattern and with which you are comfortable, you are ready to continue.
Write the Body Paragraphs
In the body of the essay, all the preparation up to this point comes to fruition. The topic you have chosen must now be explained, described, or argued. Each main idea that you wrote down in your diagram or outline will become one of the body paragraphs. If you had three or four main ideas, you will have three or four body paragraphs.
Each body paragraph will have the same basic structure.
1. Start by writing down one of your main ideas, in sentence form.
If your main idea is "reduces freeway congestion," you might say this:
Public transportation reduces freeway congestion.
2. Next, write down each of your supporting points for that main idea, but leave four or five lines in between each point.
3. In the space under each point, write down some elaboration for that point.
Elaboration can be further description or explanation or discussion.
Supporting Point
Commuters appreciate the cost savings of taking public transportation rather than driving. Elaboration Less driving time means less maintenance expense, such as oil changes. Of course, less driving time means savings on gasoline as well.
In many cases, these savings amount to more than the cost of riding public transportation.
4. If you wish, include a summary sentence for each paragraph.
This is not generally needed, however, and such sentences have a tendency to sound stilted, so be cautious about using them.
Once you have fleshed out each of your body paragraphs, one for each main point, you are ready to continue.
Write the Introduction and Conclusion
Your essay lacks only two paragraphs now: the introduction and the conclusion. These paragraphs will give the
reader a point of entry to and a point of exit from your essay.
Introduction
The introduction should be designed to attract the reader's attention and give her an idea of the essay's focus.
1. Begin with an attention grabber.
The attention grabber you use is up to you, but here are some ideas:
• Startling information
This information must be true and verifiable, and it doesn't need to be totally new to your readers.
It could simply be a pertinent fact that explicitly illustrates the point you wish to make.
If you use a piece of startling information, follow it with a sentence or two of elaboration.
• Anecdote
An anecdote is a story that illustrates a point.
Be sure your anecdote is short, to the point, and relevant to your topic. This can be a very effective
opener for your essay, but use it carefully.
• Dialogue
An appropriate dialogue does not have to identify the speakers, but the reader must understand the
point you are trying to convey. Use only two or three exchanges between speakers to make your
point.
Follow dialogue with a sentence or two of elaboration.
• Summary Information
A few sentences explaining your topic in general terms can lead the reader gently to your thesis.
Each sentence should become gradually more specific, until you reach your thesis.
2. If the attention grabber was only a sentence or two, add one or two more sentences that will lead the reader
from your opening to your thesis statement.
3. Finish the paragraph with your thesis statement.
Conclusion
The conclusion brings closure to the reader, summing up your points or providing a final perspective on your topic.
All the conclusion needs is three or four strong sentences which do not need to follow any set formula. Simply
review the main points (being careful not to restate them exactly) or briefly describe your feelings about the topic.
Even an anecdote can end your essay in a useful way.
The introduction and conclusion complete the paragraphs of your essay.
Don't stop just yet! One more step remains before your essay is truly finished.
Add the Finishing Touches
You have now completed all of the paragraphs of your essay. Before you can consider this a finished product,
however, you must give some thought to the formatting of your paper.
Check the order of your paragraphs.
Look at your paragraphs. Which one is the strongest? You might want to start with the strongest paragraph, end with
the second strongest, and put the weakest in the middle. Whatever order you decide on, be sure it makes sense. If
your paper is describing a process, you will probably need to stick to the order in which the steps must be
completed.
Check the instructions for the assignment.
When you prepare a final draft, you must be sure to follow all of the instructions you have been given.
• Are your margins correct?
• Have you titled it as directed?
• What other information (name, date, etc.) must you include?
• Did you double-space your lines?
Check your writing.
Nothing can substitute for revision of your work. By reviewing what you have done, you can improve weak points
that otherwise would be missed. Read and reread your paper.
• Does it make logical sense?
Leave it for a few hours and then read it again. Does it still make logical sense?
• Do the sentences flow smoothly from one another?
If not, try to add some words and phrases to help connect them. Transition words, such as "therefore" or
"however," sometimes help. Also, you might refer in one sentence to a thought in the previous sentence.
This is especially useful when you move from one paragraph to another.
• Have you run a spell checker or a grammar checker?
These aids cannot catch every error, but they might catch errors that you have missed.
Once you have checked your work and perfected your formatting,
your essay is finished.

Best wishes...!
__________________
Never Give Up-------John Cena (WWE)
Reply With Quote
The Following 3 Users Say Thank You to Asad Ali Jogi For This Useful Post:
ahsaan (Tuesday, July 14, 2015), étoile brillante (Tuesday, November 22, 2016), hiraayman (Monday, December 12, 2016)
  #14  
Old Thursday, September 08, 2016
Fahad Hameed's Avatar
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Sep 2016
Posts: 4
Thanks: 2
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Fahad Hameed is on a distinguished road
Default

would you help me regarding to essay writing?
Reply With Quote
  #15  
Old Thursday, September 15, 2016
RanaRajpoot's Avatar
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Sep 2016
Posts: 111
Thanks: 5
Thanked 18 Times in 16 Posts
RanaRajpoot is on a distinguished road
Default

ok i will try my best
Reply With Quote
  #16  
Old Thursday, September 29, 2016
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Sep 2016
Posts: 13
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
ahsancheemafca is on a distinguished road
Default Css essay

Hello
Sir i am a CSS aspirant can you give me your email so i can send my essay samples to you
Reply With Quote
  #17  
Old Tuesday, November 29, 2016
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Jun 2015
Posts: 7
Thanks: 0
Thanked 1 Time in 1 Post
Arham mohsin is on a distinguished road
Default

what are important topics to prepare essay on for 2017?
anone plzz
Reply With Quote
  #18  
Old Friday, September 22, 2017
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Sep 2017
Location: Burewala
Posts: 1
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
uasgher is on a distinguished road
Default

What is the choice for essays in paper ?
Do we have to pick only one topic out of 10 ?
Reply With Quote
  #19  
Old Friday, September 22, 2017
Member
 
Join Date: Sep 2016
Location: Lahore
Posts: 44
Thanks: 43
Thanked 26 Times in 22 Posts
Maheen Chaudhry is on a distinguished road
Default

Yes, you have to write on one topic out of ten given options
__________________
There are TWO ways of spreading light--- to be the candle Or the mirror that reflects it
Reply With Quote
  #20  
Old Tuesday, July 17, 2018
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Mar 2017
Posts: 1
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Khak is on a distinguished road
Default

I enjoyed going through this. I had like to point out though that the References section is not relevant to how references should be given in a CSS Essay. The style of References quoted in the guideline above is the one which is used in academic papers, which I don't believe is reasonable for our purpose. Are there any official guidelines for references/citations?
Reply With Quote
Reply

Thread Tools Search this Thread
Search this Thread:

Advanced Search

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are On


Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
Essay Writing saharsyed Essay 16 Saturday, May 09, 2020 01:08 PM
Essay Writing mnadeem Essay 2 Wednesday, May 25, 2016 02:21 PM
Brief Overview of the 10 Essay Writing Steps dr.atifrana Essay 4 Friday, January 09, 2015 07:24 PM
Guide to Essay Writing Shaukat Munir Essay 0 Wednesday, November 28, 2007 05:43 PM


CSS Forum on Facebook Follow CSS Forum on Twitter

Disclaimer: All messages made available as part of this discussion group (including any bulletin boards and chat rooms) and any opinions, advice, statements or other information contained in any messages posted or transmitted by any third party are the responsibility of the author of that message and not of CSSForum.com.pk (unless CSSForum.com.pk is specifically identified as the author of the message). The fact that a particular message is posted on or transmitted using this web site does not mean that CSSForum has endorsed that message in any way or verified the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any message. We encourage visitors to the forum to report any objectionable message in site feedback. This forum is not monitored 24/7.

Sponsors: ArgusVision   vBulletin, Copyright ©2000 - 2024, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.