DEMOCRACY AND MASS ILLETERACY CANNOT GO TOGATHER.

1. INTRODUCTION:
"literacy is prerequisite for the succes of democracy in any state. without literacy, democracy compels every sphere of any country to teeter on the brink of disasters"

2. preponderance of literacy in democracy

3. Democracy and mass illiteracy cannot go togather: justification

i, illeterate masses fail to elect their leaders on the basis of their performance
ii, makes voting accountablity ineffective
iii, Exacerbates disparaging curse of corruption
iv, lliteracy in democracy espouses dynastic politics
v, Restrain democracy to spawn charismatic leadership
vi, prompts military to intervene in democratic process
vii, tenders impetus to the vortex of poilitical instablity
viii, enfeebles national instituitions
ix, mass intolerance replaces the democratic value of tolerance
x, Encurages sectarianism, ehnicism, and terrorism to smear social disorder in democracy
xii, foments clash of civilization and ideologies
xiii, causes mismanagement of economic affairsand issues
xiv, exonerates faith from the success of democracy.

4. ways and means to ensure high literacy in order to acheive real ideals of democracy

i, upgradaton of syllabus to siphon off uniformity of syllabus
ii, need for establishing effective mechanism to esure transparent utilization of economic resourcesin education sphere
iii, recuitment of well-qualified teachers transparently.
iv, teaching of demoratic norms and values to masses
v, pursuing social campaigns to promote awareness among masses regarding inviolablity of their votes
vi, role of media and civil society.

5. conclusion

PAKISTAN IS KNOWN TO NATURAL DISASTERS BUT UNKNOWN TO THEIR MANAGEMENT

1. INTRODUCTION:
Pakistan frequently bears the brunt of multiple lethal disasters. However, it is deplorably weak at disaster management activities

2. Pakistan is known to natural disasters: vindication

i, Has experienced massive floods
ii,Earthquakes
iii, Ghusty and torrential rainfalls
iv, Draughts
v, Experienced casuaities due to over temperature (climat change)
vi, known to plane crash incidences due to foggy weather

3. Pakistan is unknown to managemet of disasters: vindication

i, Maladministration in NDMA
ii, Strifing financial corruption
iii, Failed to activate PDMA
iv, Devoir of transparency and transborder coordination
v, Lack of expeditious mechanism for making consensus on developing dams
vi, Scanty fund for disaster management
vii, Absence of latest weather-forecasting mechanism.
viii, low concerns over awaring masses about disasters
ix, weak enbankements of bunds
x, lack of security and proper inspection of bunds
xi, persistence of deforestation
xii, little control over keeping tight reing over construction of houses on coastal areas

4. How pakistan can be known to management in order to avoid negative repurcussions of disasters

i, Furnish adequate funds for disaster management and ensure transparent utilization of the economic means

ii, Mechanism to boost coordination among provinces and borderng nations to avoid repercussions of disasters

iii, Activation of PDMA and appointemen of well- experienced staff on merit.

iv, Ensure presence of guards for inspection of Bunds on daily basis throught out year

v, Need for taking steps for avoiding constructing housses on rivers

vi, Educating masses regarding ways and means to mitigate perils of natural disastars

vii,Updating metrological mechanism

viii, Need for effective local government system that will help in checking discripancies in District Disaster Management

ix, Role of media and civil society.

5. CONCLUSION

__________________
Baroz-e-Hashar main be-khof ghuss jaonga Jannat mien,
Wahin se aye thay Adam woh meray baap Ka ghar hai
(Allam Iqbal)