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Failure of Democracy in Pakistan

Introduction
• Essence of democracy
• Pakistan’s unstable democratic history:-
o 1988 - Benazir Bhutto elected PM
o 1990- President GIK dismissed BB government; Nawaz Sharif elected PM
o 1993- President GIK dismissed Nawaz government; BB elected PM
o 1996- President Laghari dismissed BB government; Nawaz Sharif elected PM
o 1999- Musharraf seizes power in coup
o 2008- Asif Ali Zardari chosen as President by parliament
• Pakistan lacks democratic environment

Main Body
• Requirements for democracy to work:
o Free and fair elections – and acceptance of result
o Educated masses
o Vigilant citizenship
o Rule of law
o Separation of powers
o Efficient and independent institutions
o Protection of rights
o Economic equality
o Accountability & transparency

• Reasons for failure of democracy in Pakistan:
o High illiteracy
o Corruption in elections
o Lack of accountability
o Unequal distribution of wealth
o Lack of rule of law
o Frequent intervention of military
o Restrictions on media
o Political instability
o Weak party system


• Way forward
o Educate the masses for their effective participation
o Ensure fair elections and peaceful acceptance of result
o Establish rule of law
o Eliminate unequal distribution of wealth
o Bi-party system
o Transparency in the system
o Uphold fundamental human rights
o Liberate the media
o True separation of powers
o Exclusion of military from political affairs
o Replicate democratic system of Switzerland

Conclusion
• Democracy can’t sustain without its prerequisites
• Reforms needed to become a truly democratic state – Quaid’s vision

Introduction
“Education is the most powerful tool that you can use to change the world.” – Nelson Mandela
• Importance of education
o Shapes personality
o Broadens perspective
o Driver of social change
o Essential for economic prosperity
o Inculcates fundamental values

• Flawed education system of Pakistan – a tragedy

Main Body
• Flaws in the education system of Pakistan:
o Rote-learning culture
o Emphasis on grades rather than personality development
o Unequal access to education
o Lack of government attention
o Outdated curriculum
o Unacceptable attitude of teachers
o High cost of education
o Considerable difference in conditions of private and public schools
o Gender gap
o Shortage of teachers
o Inadequate technical/vocational training

• Initiatives taken by government:
o Millennium Development Goals
 Universal Primary Education (UPE)
 Promote Gender Equality
o Education for All (EFA)
o Vision 2030
 Increasing public expenditure on education
 Re-introduce technical and vocational stream
 Enhance the scale and quality of education

• Recommendations
o Bride the public-private gap
o Redesign fee structure to bring down cost
o Allocate more funds to develop the sector
o Redesign curriculum to incorporate recent developments
o Introduce unique and interactive teaching methods
o Monitor teacher behavior
o Overall cultural change to eliminate cramming
o Character and personality development of students

Conclusion
• Education – a panacea
• An educated population will ensure economic prosperity
• Educational reforms – need of the hour