[SIZE=3][COLOR=darkred][B]Nitrogen Cycle[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE], natural cyclic process in the course of which atmospheric nitrogen enters the soil and becomes part of living organisms, before returning to the atmosphere. Nitrogen, an essential part of the amino acids, is a basic element of life. It also makes up 78 percent of the Earth’s atmosphere, but gaseous nitrogen must be converted to a chemically usable form before it can be used by living organisms. This is accomplished through the nitrogen cycle, in which gaseous nitrogen is converted to ammonia or nitrates. The high energies provided by lightning and cosmic radiation serve to combine atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen into nitrates, which are carried to the Earth’s surface in precipitation. Biological fixation (Nitrogen Fixation), which accounts for the bulk of the nitrogen-conversion process, is accomplished by free-living, nitrogen-fixing bacteria; symbiotic bacteria living on the roots of plants (mostly legumes and alders); cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae); archaebacteria (also known as archaea) in deep-sea hydrothermal vents and other geothermal environments; certain lichens; and epiphytes in tropical forests.

Nitrogen “fixed” as ammonia and nitrates is taken up directly by plants and incorporated in their tissues as plant proteins. The nitrogen then passes through the food chain from plants to herbivores to carnivores (Food Web). When plants and animals die, the nitrogenous compounds are broken down by decomposing into ammonia, a process called ammonification. Some of this ammonia is taken up by plants; the rest is dissolved in water or held in the soil, where microorganisms convert it into nitrates and nitrites in a process called nitrification. Nitrates may be stored in decomposing humus or leached from the soil and carried to streams and lakes. They may also be converted to free nitrogen through denitrification and returned to the atmosphere.
In natural systems, nitrogen lost by denitrification, leaching, erosion, and similar processes is replaced by fixation and other nitrogen sources. Human intrusion in the nitrogen cycle, however, can result in less nitrogen being cycled, or in an overload of the system. For example, the cultivation of croplands, harvesting of crops, and cutting of forests all have caused a steady decline of nitrogen in the soil. (Some of the losses on agricultural lands are replaced only by applying energy-expensive nitrogenous fertilizers manufactured by artificial fixation.) On the other hand, the leaching of nitrogen from overfertilized croplands, cutover forestland, and animal wastes and sewage has added too much nitrogen to aquatic ecosystems, resulting in reduced water quality and the stimulation of excessive algal growth. In addition, nitrogen dioxide poured into the atmosphere from automobile exhausts and power plants breaks down to form ozone and reacts with other atmospheric pollutants to form photochemical smog

[IMG]http://i637.photobucket.com/albums/uu93/supernatural_02/nitrogencycle.jpg[/IMG]

regards

The following link may also be helpful in understanding the three biogeochemical cycles
[url]http://www.cssforum.com.pk/115179-post8.html[/url]

Regards

Assalam O Alaikum

Dear Dr.Atif, Mohsin, Afrms & all.



EDS papers from 1999 to 2004 are still to be solved. While papers from 2005 to 2009 have been solved under the concerned past paper. You are requested to please solve the remaining papers (1999 to 2004) as soon as possible to complete the task and start another. :waiting


regards,

[quote=ziakhan]Now check the post. I have edited it. Sorry it was 2005-2009. :) I will compile them and if any thing was remaining, your help will be required.[/quote]

Inshallah i will try to contribute where required actually i want to complete the zoology notes.75% of the notes have still to be made.

You (Zia),Mohsin and Dr Atif Rana are doing a fantastic job.:vic :clap

[quote=ziakhan]Assalam O Alaikum

Dear Dr.Atif, Mohsin, Afrms & all.



EDS papers from 1999 to 2004 are still to be solved. While papers from 2005 to 2009 have been solved under the concerned past paper. You are requested to please solve the remaining papers (1999 to 2004) as soon as possible to complete the task and start another. :waiting


regards,[/quote]

Dear Zia

I had already made my plan for this job
Insha Allah in a very short time you will see the solutions there in your thread. Just give me a few days :))

Regards

[B][SIZE=3][COLOR=green]Reaction time:[/COLOR][/SIZE][/B]

[COLOR=black] [COLOR=darkslategray]Reaction time[/COLOR] (RT) is the elapsed time between the presentation of a sensory stimulus and the subsequent behavioral response. RT is often used in [/COLOR][COLOR=black]experimental psychology[/COLOR][COLOR=black] to measure the duration of mental operations, an area of research known as [/COLOR][COLOR=black]mental chronometry[/COLOR][COLOR=black]. The behavioral response is typically a button press but can also be an eye movement, a vocal response, or some other observable behavior[/COLOR]
[COLOR=black]Reaction time is quickest for young adults and gradually slows down with age. It can be improved with practice, up to a point, and it declines under conditions of fatigue and distractions[/COLOR]

rgds

[LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][COLOR=blue]Photosynthesis[/COLOR][/SIZE][/FONT]
[/LEFT]
[COLOR=navy][B]Photosynthesis[/B][/COLOR][COLOR=navy] is a process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight. Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and many species of Bacteria, but not in Archaea. Photosynthetic organisms are called [I]photoautotrophs[/I], since it allows them to create their own food. However, not all organisms that use light as a source of energy carry out photosynthesis, since [I]photoheterotrophs[/I] use organic compounds, rather than carbon dioxide, as a source of carbon. In plants, algae and cyanobacteria photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen as a waste product. Photosynthesis is crucially important for life on Earth, since as well as it maintaining the normal level of oxygen in the atmosphere, nearly all life either depends on it directly as a source of energy, or indirectly as the ultimate source of the energy in their food.[/COLOR]

[IMG]http://www.exploringnature.org/graphics/teaching_aids/photosynthesis_worksheet.jpg[/IMG]

[SIZE=3][COLOR=#000080]rgds[/COLOR][/SIZE]

from Paper 1998

[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=4][COLOR=slategray][B]1.“[I]Earthquakes have helped a great deal in deciphering the internal structure of the earth[/I]”. Comment on this statement[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE][/FONT]

A: Earthquakes are very useful to humans because they provide a picture of what’s going on underground. This can make oil and gas extraction more efficient, and allows scientists to monitor the progress of water during geothermal energy extraction.
They also tell you what is happening in the structure of the earth, for example, magma chambers, and allow scientists to monitor volcanoes and the threat of eruption.
Earthquakes can also tell us about the internal structure of the Earth. By measuring the time it takes the seismic waves to travel through the Earth we can map out the structure of the Earth down to the core.
On a global scale, earthquakes are just a symptom of the movements of the plates going on all the time, and they occur because the material at the surface at the earth is changing due to convection within the Earth’s mantle – mountains are being created, minerals from below are being brought up and new sea floors are being made.
Tectonic activity is essential to sustaining life on Earth. Matter is constantly being recycled between the atmosphere and the crust. We have continents because of tectonic activity. Mid ocean ridges support a huge amount of life, and may have been important in the origin of life, and the atmosphere is reliant on volcanic eruptions for it’s composition.

[COLOR=slategray](note: simmilar questions may be[/COLOR]
[B][COLOR=slategray]Earthquakes have always been part of the earth's geology. What are the positive effects of earthquakes? Would mankind have evolved on earth without its restless tectonic activity? )[/COLOR][/B]

[B]rgds[/B]

what's the unit of viscosity.........if it is eeta
then how we could define eeta?
what is called dimensional unit or a simple unit?
is viscosity have dimensonal unit?

[B]Viscosity[/B]
A measure of the resistance of a fluid to deform under either shear stress or extensional stress. It is commonly perceived as "thickness", or resistance to flow. Viscosity describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction.

[quote=ravaila] what's the unit of viscosity.........if it is eeta .... [/quote]Eta is not the unit of viscosity. It is the symbol for it.
The SI physical unit of dynamic viscosity is the pascal-second (Pa·s) which has no special name.

The most common unit of viscosity is the dyne second per square centimeter [dyne·s/cm^2], which is given the name poise [P] after the French physiologist Jean Louis Poiseuille


[quote=ravaila]then how we could define eeta?[/quote]
No need to define eta, it's just a symbol to represent viscosity
what needs to be defined is Pa.s (Pascal.second) and poise

[B]pascal.second[/B]
If a fluid with a viscosity of one Pa·s is placed between two plates, and one plate is pushed sideways with a shear stress of one pascal, it moves a distance equal to the thickness of the layer between the plates in one second.

[B]poise[/B]
1 P = 1 g·cm^-1·s^-1
1 pascal second = 10 poise = 1,000 millipascal second
1 centipoise = 1 millipascal second


[quote=ravaila]what is called dimensional unit or a simple unit?[/quote]
Every unit has a [B]dimension[/B] i.e the parameter required to describe the position and relevant characteristics of any object within a conceptual space

See the below article for more detail on dimensions and units (under the heading "units as dimensions")
[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_units"]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_units[/URL]

I don't think there is something like a "simple unit".


[quote=ravaila]is viscosity have dimensonal unit?[/quote]
The units of viscosity are derived units. They are derived from the SI base units like the units of pressure, length and time. As all the SI base units are dimensional units, hence, units of viscosity are also dimensional


For more details on viscosity and related concepts see the following link
[URL="http://hypertextbook.com/physics/matter/viscosity/"]http://hypertextbook.com/physics/matter/viscosity/[/URL]

Hope this helps

[COLOR="blue"]13. Answer the following[/COLOR]

(i) Of what lead pencils are made of?

[B][COLOR="Blue"]Graphite[/COLOR][/B]

(ii) Why is one’s breath visible in cold but not in hot weather?

[COLOR="Blue"]Because the water vapours present in breath condenses while breathing incold weather and therefore are visible.[/COLOR]

(iii) What is the chemical composition of diamond?

[COLOR="blue"]pure carbon[/COLOR]

(iv) Name the vaccine that protects against tuberculosis.

[COLOR="blue"]BCG[/COLOR]
[COLOR="DarkRed"]bacillus Calmette-Guérin [/COLOR]

(v) Name the disease of the liver that causes a patient to turn yellow

[COLOR="Blue"]Jaundice[/COLOR]

rgds

[B][SIZE=3]paper 1998[/SIZE][/B]
[SIZE=4][COLOR=green][B]Reaction Time[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]

The interval of time between application of a stimulus and detection of a response.

Your hand accidentally touches the hot plate of an oven and is withdrawn immediately. A young child runs out in front of your car and you hammer on the brakes. A lottery ball falls into its position upside down and you have to shout out the correct number as fast as you can to a colleague who is checking off the numbers for your syndicate. All three examples of reaction time are the time it takes to make a movement in response to a sensory stimulus. However, even if we try to respond as fast as possible in each situation, the reaction time is quite different.

In this context, time is measured in milliseconds (ms) — thousandths of a second. It may take only 100 ms to withdraw our hand from the stove, 200 ms to stamp on the brakes, and 500 ms to read out the number on the ball. The difference occurs because of the different amount of time it takes for the [URL="http://www.answers.com/topic/central-nervous-system"][COLOR=#003399]central nervous system[/COLOR][/URL] (CNS) to process the sensory signals and to choose the appropriate course of action.

rgds

[B][COLOR=darkred]paper1998[/COLOR][/B]

[B][COLOR=teal]Q.[FONT=Times New Roman]3. Discuss in detail the fission and fusion processes. Which one of thee processes in the source of solar energy?[/FONT][/COLOR][/B]

[B]Nuclear Fission[/B]

An atom's nucleus can be split apart. When this is done, a tremendous amount of energy is released. The energy is both heat and light energy. Einstein said that a very small amount of matter contains a very LARGE amount of energy. [IMG]http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/images/chap13_nuke_fuelassembly.gif[/IMG] This energy, when let out slowly, can be harnessed to generate electricity. When it is let out all at once, it can make a tremendous explosion in an atomic bomb.
A nuclear power plant (like Diablo Canyon Nuclear Plant shown on the right) uses uranium as a "fuel." Uranium is an element that is dug out of the ground many places around the world. It is processed into tiny pellets that are loaded into very long rods that are put into the power plant's reactor.
The word fission means to split apart. Inside the reactor of an atomic power plant, uranium atoms are split apart in a controlled chain reaction.
In a chain reaction, particles released by the splitting of the atom go off and strike other uranium atoms splitting those. Those particles given off split still other atoms in a chain reaction. In nuclear power plants, control rods are used to keep the splitting regulated so it doesn't go too fast.
If the reaction is not controlled, you could have an atomic bomb. But in atomic bombs, almost pure pieces of the element Uranium-235 or Plutonium, of a precise mass and shape, must be brought together and held together, with great force. These conditions are not present in a nuclear reactor.
The reaction also creates radioactive material. This material could hurt people if released, so it is kept in a solid form. The very strong concrete dome in the picture is designed to keep this material inside if an accident happens.
[IMG]http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/images/chap13_diablo_canyon_nuke.jpg[/IMG] This chain reaction gives off heat energy. This heat energy is used to boil water in the core of the reactor. So, instead of burning a fuel, nuclear power plants use the chain reaction of atoms splitting to change the energy of atoms into heat energy.
This water from around the nuclear core is sent to another section of the power plant. Here, in the heat exchanger, it heats another set of pipes filled with water to make steam. The steam in this second set of pipes turns a turbine to generate electricity. Below is a cross section of the inside of a typical nuclear power plant.
[IMG]http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/images/chap13_nuke_schematic.jpg[/IMG]
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif][SIZE=2]Power plant drawing courtesy Nuclear Institute[/SIZE][/FONT]


[B]Nuclear Fusion[/B]

[IMG]http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/images/chap13_nuclear_fusion_2007.gif[/IMG] Another form of nuclear energy is called fusion. Fusion means joining smaller nuclei (the plural of nucleus) to make a larger nucleus. The sun uses nuclear fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms. This gives off heat and light and other radiation.
In the picture to the right, two types of hydrogen atoms, deuterium and tritium, combine to make a helium atom and an extra particle called a neutron.
Also given off in this fusion reaction is energy! Thanks to the University of California, Berkeley for the picture.
Scientists have been working on controlling nuclear fusion for a long time, trying to make a fusion reactor to produce electricity. But they have been having trouble learning how to control the reaction in a contained space.
What's better about nuclear fusion is that it creates less radioactive material than fission, and its supply of fuel can last longer than the sun.
[youtube]-Qliifidcuw[/youtube]

Regards

[COLOR=navy][SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman]4. Give a detailed description of global warming and its possible effects on life. What measures have been taken by various nations to tackle this problem?[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR]
[SIZE=4][COLOR=#000080][/COLOR][/SIZE]
[B][SIZE=3][COLOR=green]Global Warming[/COLOR][/SIZE][/B] or Climate Change, measurable increases in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and landmasses. Scientists believe Earth is currently facing a period of rapid warming brought on by rising levels of heat-trapping gases, known as greenhouse gases, in the atmosphere.

Greenhouse gases retain the radiant energy (heat) provided to Earth by the Sun in a process known as the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases occur naturally, and without them the planet would be too cold to sustain life as we know it.Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-1700s, however, human activities have added more and more of these gases into the atmosphere. For example, levels of carbon dioxide, a powerful greenhouse gas, have risen by 35 percent since 1750, largely from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. With more greenhouse gases in the mix, the atmosphere acts like a thickening blanket and traps more heat.

[SIZE=3][COLOR=green][B]Effects:[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]
[B][SIZE=3][COLOR=#008000]Weather[/COLOR][/SIZE][/B]
[COLOR=#008000] [COLOR=#000000]global warming will affect weather, glacial ice, sea levels, agriculture, wildlife, and human health. Many changes linked to rising temperatures are already being observed.[/COLOR][/COLOR]
[COLOR=#008000][COLOR=#000000]Scientists project that the polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere will heat up more than other areas of the planet, and glaciers and sea ice will shrink as a result. Regions that now experience light winter snows may receive no snow at all. In temperate mountains, snowlines will be higher and snowpacks will melt earlier. Growing seasons will be longer in some areas. Winter and nighttime temperatures will tend to rise more than summer and daytime temperatures. [/COLOR][/COLOR]
[COLOR=#008000][COLOR=black]storms are expected to be more frequent and more intense in a warmer world. water will also evaporate more rapidly from soil, causing it to dry out faster between rains. some regions might actually become drier than before. overall, higher latitudes are projected to receive more rainfall, and subtropical areas are projected to receive less [/COLOR][/COLOR]
[SIZE=3][COLOR=royalblue][B] Ice Sheets and Glaciers[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]
[COLOR=#008000][COLOR=black]Warming temperatures are already causing significant changes to mountain glaciers around the world, ice sheets in Greenland and the Antarctic, and polar sea ice in the Arctic. From Europe to Africa to Asia to North America, mountain glaciers have receded over the 20th century, and melting is becoming more rapid. The large-scale melting of ice may accelerate the pace of global warming in what is known as a feedback process. Because ice reflects sunlight back out to space, it has a cooling effect. Water and land, which are darker than ice, absorb and retain more heat[/COLOR][/COLOR]
[COLOR=#008000][COLOR=black]Many species, including polar bears, seals, and walrus, depend on sea ice for their survival.[/COLOR][/COLOR]
[COLOR=#008000][COLOR=black]The rapid loss of Alaskan glaciers represents almost half of the total loss of ice in glaciers worldwide, and makes a significant contribution to observed sea level rise[/COLOR][/COLOR]
[SIZE=3][COLOR=indigo][B]Sea level[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]
[SIZE=3][COLOR=#4b0082][/COLOR][/SIZE]
As the atmosphere warms, the surface layer of the ocean warms as well, expanding in volume and thus raising sea level. The melting of glaciers and ice sheets, especially around Greenland, further swells the sea. Sea level rose 10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 in) during the 20th century

[SIZE=3][COLOR=indigo][B]Agriculture[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]
In some .parts there would be boost in agriculture initialy and some parts it would be ruined.
Crops and woodlands may also be afflicted by more insects and plant diseases. Agricultural areas will need to adapt to changing conditions, such as by shifting the types of crops grown or investing in drought-tolerant or heat-tolerant varieties.

[SIZE=3][COLOR=darkslateblue][B]Animals and plants[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]
[B][SIZE=3][COLOR=#483d8b][/COLOR][/SIZE][/B]
Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effects of global warming. Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures.
extinction of some plant and animal species.
[SIZE=3][COLOR=darkslateblue][B]Effects on human[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]
In a warmer world, scientists predict that more people will get sick or die from heat stress, due not only to hotter days but more importantly to warmer nights (giving the sufferers less relief). More frequent and intense heat waves will further contribute to this trend. At the same time, there will be some decreases in the number of cold-related deaths. Diseases such as malaria, now found in the tropics and transmitted by mosquitoes and other animal hosts, are projected to widen their range as these animal hosts move into regions formerly too cold for them. Other tropical diseases may spread similarly, including dengue fever, yellow fever, and encephalitis. Scientists also project rising incidence of allergies and respiratory diseases as warmer air grows more charged with pollutants, mold spores, and pollens.
migration and displacement of people.
---food crises.
---there would be surge in deseases,people would die earlier,more cancer of skin.
---coral reafs are in danger,these reafs are the algeas that are the major food for many marine animals,they also absorb co2 and convert it in to o2 .

[COLOR=darkslateblue]continued.....[/COLOR]
[COLOR=#008000][COLOR=black][/COLOR]
[/COLOR]

[SIZE=3][COLOR=darkslategray][B]EFFORTS TO CONTROL GLOBAL WARMING[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]

Responding to the challenge of controlling global warming will require fundamental changes in energy production, transportation, industry, government policies, and development strategies around the world. These changes take time. The challenge today is managing the impacts that cannot be avoided while taking steps to prevent more severe impacts in the future.

Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, also called greenhouse gas mitigation, is a necessary strategy for controlling global warming. There are two major approaches to slowing the buildup of greenhouse gases. One is to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The other is to keep carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere by storing the gas or its carbon component somewhere else, a strategy known as carbon sequestration or carbon capture.
[SIZE=3][COLOR=darkslategray][B]Carbon Capture[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]
One way to keep carbon dioxide emissions from reaching the atmosphere is to preserve and plant more trees. Trees, especially young and fast-growing ones, soak up a great deal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store carbon atoms in new wood
[SIZE=3][COLOR=darkslategray][B]Energy Sources[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]
Significant reductions in carbon dioxide emissions can only be achieved by switching away from fossil-fuel energy sources. Nuclear power plants release no carbon dioxide at all, but nuclear energy is controversial for reasons of safety, security, and the high costs of nuclear waste disposal. Solar power, wind power, and hydrogen fuel cells also emit no greenhouse gases. These energy sources can be practical, low-pollution alternatives to fossil fuels.Other alternatives include fuels made from plants, such as biodiesel (made from used and new vegetable oil) and ethanol (a plant-based gasoline additive). Use of these fuels can help reduce total carbon dioxide emissions from automobiles. The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), which uses both an electric motor and a gasoline or diesel engine, emits less carbon dioxide than conventional automobiles
[SIZE=3][COLOR=darkslategray][B]International Agreements[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]International cooperation is required for the successful reduction of greenhouse gases. The first international conference addressing the issue was held in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. At the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, informally known as the Earth Summit, 150 countries pledged to confront the problem of greenhouse gases by signing the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). To date, more than 180 nations have ratified the UNFCCC, which commits nations to stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would avoid dangerous human interference with the climate
In 1997 in Japan, 160 nations drafted an agreement known as the Kyōto Protocol, an amendment to the UNFCCC. This treaty set mandatory targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Industrialized nations that ratify the treaty are required to cut their emissions by an average of 5 percent below 1990 levels. This reduction is to be achieved no later than 2012, and commitments to start achieving the targets are to begin in 2008. Developing nations are not required to commit to mandatory reductions in emissions. Under the Kyōto rules, industrialized nations are expected to take the first steps because they are responsible for most emissions to date and have more resources to devote to emissions-reduction efforts

In 2007 the European Union (EU) took the initiative in coming up with a new international plan to address global warming. At a “green summit” held in March, the 27 nations of the EU
In the accord EU leaders agreed to reduce emissions by 20 percent from 1990 levels by 2020

rgds

[SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#008000]5. Give chemical name of one Nitrogenous and one Phosphorus containing fertilizer. What is the role of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potash in the growth and development of various parts of a plant.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE]
[SIZE=4][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=#008000][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3][COLOR=black][B][SIZE=4][COLOR=navy]Fertilizers[/COLOR][/SIZE][/B] : are chemical compounds applied to promote [/COLOR][/SIZE][SIZE=3][COLOR=black]plant[/COLOR][/SIZE][SIZE=3][COLOR=black] and fruit growth. Fertilizers are usually applied either through the soil (for uptake by [/COLOR][/SIZE][SIZE=3][COLOR=black]plant roots[/COLOR][/SIZE][SIZE=3][COLOR=black]) or, by [/COLOR][/SIZE][SIZE=3][COLOR=black]foliar feeding[/COLOR][/SIZE][SIZE=3][COLOR=black] (for uptake through leaves.[/COLOR][/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3][/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]1.[SIZE=4][COLOR=navy]Ammonium Nitrate[/COLOR][/SIZE].....................Nitrogenous fertilizer [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]2[SIZE=4][COLOR=navy].Calcium Super Phossphate[/COLOR][/SIZE]..........Phosphorous fertilizer[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3][/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][SIZE=4][COLOR=indigo]Nitrogen role in plants: [/COLOR][/SIZE][/B]
[LEFT]It is a major component of chlorophyll,[FONT=Arial]the compound by which plants use
sunlight energy to produce sugars from water and carbon dioxide (i.e. photosynthesis).[/LEFT]
[/FONT]<FONT face=Arial>[LEFT]It is also a major component of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.[/LEFT]
<FONT face=Arial>[LEFT]Nitrogen is a component of energy-transfer compounds, such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which
allow cells to conserve and use the energy released in metabolism. Finally, nitrogen is a significant component of nucleic acids such as DNA, the genetic material that allows cells (and eventually whole plants) to grow and reproduce. Nitrogen plays the same roles (with the exception of photosynthesis) in animals, too. Without nitrogen, there
would be no life as we know it.

[B][SIZE=3][COLOR=indigo]Potassium role[/COLOR][/SIZE][/B]
[B][SIZE=3][COLOR=#4b0082][/COLOR][/SIZE][/B]
[FONT=Arial]It increases root growth, improves drought resistance, enhances several enzyme functions , builds cellulose, reduces lodging, controls plant turgidity, maintains the selectivity and integrity of the cell membranes, helps translocation of sugars and starch, reduces water loss and wilting, reduces respiration, prevents energy losses, helps in protein synthesis and uplifts the protein content of plan[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial]t.[/FONT][/LEFT]
[B]Role of Phosphorus in Plant Growth[/B]

The presence of phosphorus in the soil encourages plant growth because phosphorus is an essential nutrient. Particularly, phosphorus is a major building block of DNA molecules. It is responsible for the storage of energy in the form of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The energy stored in these phosphate compounds allows for the transportation of nutrients across the cell wall and the synthesis of nucleic acid and proteins. The addition of phosphorus fertilizers ensure that crops will reach their full potential by using the additional phosphorus to encourage root growth and stalk strength while promoting resistance to root rot diseases.

[COLOR=blue][B]6. Write short notes on the following (paper 1998)

(i) Conductor[/B][/COLOR]
[COLOR=blue][/COLOR]
[LEFT][COLOR=blue][B][COLOR=darkslategray]Electrical Conductor, any material that offers little resistance to the flow of an electric current. The difference between a conductor and an insulator, which is a poor conductor of electricity or heat, is one of degree rather than kind, because all substances conduct electricity to some extent. A good conductor of electricity, such as silver or copper, may have a conductivity a billion or more times as great as the conductivity of a good insulator, such as glass or mica. A phenomenon known as superconductivity is observed when certain substances are cooled to a point near absolute zero, at which point their conductivity becomes almost infinite. In solid conductors the electric current is carried by the movement of electrons; in solutions and gases, the electric current is carried by ions.[/COLOR][/LEFT]

(ii) Resistor


[COLOR=black]An electronic component that resists the flow of current in an electronic circuit. Resistors are often made out of chunks of carbon or thin films of carbon or other resistive materials. They can also be made of wires wound around a cylinder. The common resistor is a two-wire package with a fixed resistance measured in ohms; however, different types of resistors are adjustable by the circuit designer or the user (see [/COLOR][URL="http://www.answers.com/topic/variable-resistor"][COLOR=black]variable resistor[/COLOR][/URL][COLOR=black]).[/COLOR]

(iii) Semi-conductor
[COLOR=black]Semiconductor, solid or liquid material, able to conduct electricity at room temperature more readily than an insulator, but less easily than a metal. [/COLOR]
[COLOR=black][/COLOR]
[COLOR=black]for detail:[/COLOR]
[COLOR=black]Electrical conductivity, which is the ability to conduct electrical current under the application of a voltage, has one of the widest ranges of values of any physical property of matter. Such metals as copper, silver, and aluminum are excellent conductors, but such insulators as diamond and glass are very poor conductors ([I]see [/I]Conductor, electrical; Insulation; Metals). At low temperatures, pure semiconductors behave like insulators. Under higher temperatures or light or with the addition of impurities, however, the conductivity of semiconductors can be increased dramatically, reaching levels that may approach those of metals.[/COLOR]

(iv) Thermistor

[COLOR=black]Thermistor, a resistor whose resistance varies with temperature.[/COLOR]

[COLOR=black]Thermistors are widely used as inrush current limiters, temperature sensors, self-resetting overcurrent protectors, and self-regulating heating elements.[/COLOR]
[COLOR=black]Thermistors differ from [/COLOR][COLOR=black]resistance temperature detectors[/COLOR][COLOR=black] (RTD) in that the material used in a thermistor is generally a ceramic or polymer, while RTDs use pure metals. The temperature response is also different; RTDs are useful over larger temperature ranges, while thermistors typically achieve a higher precision within a limited temperature range.[/COLOR]

(v) Transistor

[COLOR=black]In [/COLOR][COLOR=black]electronics[/COLOR][COLOR=black], a [B]transistor[/B] is a [/COLOR][COLOR=black]semiconductor device[/COLOR][COLOR=black] commonly used to [/COLOR][COLOR=black]amplify[/COLOR][COLOR=black] or switch [/COLOR][COLOR=black]electronic[/COLOR][COLOR=black] signals.[/COLOR]
[COLOR=black] Transistors act as the key element in amplification, detection, and switching of electrical voltages and currents. They are the active electronic component in all electronic systems which convert battery power to signal power. Almost every type of transistor is produced in some form of semiconductor, often single-crystal materials, with silicon being the most prevalent. There are several different types of transistors, classified by how the internal mobile charges (electrons and holes) function. The main categories are bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and field-effect transistors (FETs).[/COLOR]
[COLOR=#000000][/COLOR]
[COLOR=#000000]rgds[/COLOR][/B][/COLOR]
[B][COLOR=#0000ff][/COLOR][/B]
[B][COLOR=#0000ff][/COLOR][/B]

[B][COLOR=#000080]Paper 1999[/COLOR][/B]
[B][COLOR=#000080]4. How the solar and lunar eclipses are caused?[/COLOR][/B]

[COLOR=navy]
Two kinds of eclipses involve the Earth: eclipses of the Moon, or lunar eclipses, and those of the Sun, or solar eclipses. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon and its shadow darkens the Moon. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth and its shadow moves across the face of the Earth. Eclipses are rare, however; most of the time, the shadows do not overlap.
[SIZE=3][COLOR=black][B]A partial solar eclipse[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE] can be seen when part of the Earth is within the penumbra, or the outer portion of the Moon’s shadow. The inner portion, the umbra, is formed by tangents to the Sun and Moon, and the outer portion, the penumbra, is formed by tangents that intersect between the Sun and the Moon. These geometric regions occur because light travels in straight lines and casts shadows even at great distances.[/COLOR]
[COLOR=navy]A [SIZE=3][B]partial lunar eclipse[/B][/SIZE] occurs when only a part of the Moon enters the umbra of the Earth’s shadow, leaving a portion of the Moon in total darkness. The extent of a partial lunar eclipse can range from near totality, when most of the Moon is obscured, to a slight or minor eclipse, when only a small portion of the Earth’s shadow is seen on the passing Moon.
During a total solar eclipse, the Moon completely blocks out the Sun for as long as seven to eight minutes. This type of eclipse is visible from the area on the Earth within the umbra, the inner part of the Moon's shadow. The diameter of the umbra is never greater than 268.7 km (167 mi) where it touches the surface of the Earth. As a result, the area in which a total solar eclipse is visible from the Earth is never wider than that, and it is usually considerably narrower.[/COLOR]
[COLOR=navy]A [B][SIZE=3]total lunar[/SIZE][/B] eclipse occurs when the Moon passes completely into the umbra of the Earth’s shadow. If the Moon moves directly through the center, it is obscured for about two hours. If it does not pass through the center, the period of totality is shorter; it may last for only an instant if the Moon travels through the very edge of the umbra.[/COLOR]
[COLOR=navy][youtube]xwGs8_otT64[/youtube][/COLOR]
[COLOR=navy][/COLOR]
[COLOR=navy][IMG]http://media.skyandtelescope.com/images/Umbra_Explained_m.jpg[/IMG][/COLOR]
[COLOR=navy]
[B]total lunar eclipse[/B]
[IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Geometry_of_a_Lunar_Eclipse.svg/712px-Geometry_of_a_Lunar_Eclipse.svg.png[/IMG]

[YOUTUBE]fWNKQ9jGmiM[/YOUTUBE]

[/COLOR]

The type of radiation hat is unaffected by magnetic field is called __________ . Gamma Rays

dear bro columns shold be on a space.. thanx

13. Name two diseases caused by following groups of micro-organisms.
a) Bacteria
b) Viruses
c) Protozoa
d) Fungi

1)bacteria=pneumonia
actually this type of bacteria is capsulated means pathogenic.......hope the answer the question...

2)virus=AIDS(aquired immune deficiency syndrome)......hope the answer the question...

[QUOTE=The Star;111343]@rana

earth completes one rotation aroud sun in 365.25 days,not about its axis.it completes one rotation about its axis in 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds so the above statement is false.[/QUOTE]


dear rana ur good but earth complete one rotation in 365.25 days is wrong because earth not rotate around the sun but it revolves.....hope u never mind......

cocaine
It is received from coca plant

e) Panda: north india
in my opinion panda lives in china

[QUOTE=Last Island;111195]Explanation required.

Leprosy is not Nervous system disorder on the whole. It does not effect the central nervous system. Leprosy is a disease of the peripheral nerves which extends outside the central nervous system. What do you say Doc?[/QUOTE]

Leprosy or Hansen's disease (HD), named after Norwegian physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen, is a chronic disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis.[1][2] Leprosy is primarily a granulomatous disease of the [B]peripheral nerves[/B] and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract; skin lesions are the primary external sign.Source Wikipedia

plz solve 2000 onwards papers as well thanks

[QUOTE=dr.atifrana;110921][B][U]EVERYDAY SCIENCE PAPER 1992[/U][/B]


[B]3.[/B] In addition of performing major functions, some organs of the body secrete hormones also. Name any four of these organs and mention some of the hormones they secrete.

[B]4.[/B] Attempt any five of the following

(a) the solar system has
(i) 9 planets
(ii) 12 planets
(iii) 16 planets

(b) The science of study of old age is called
(i) Gerontology
(ii) Carcinology
(iii) Nephrology

(c) The instrument used for measuring the velocity
(i) Barometer
(ii) Anemometer
(iii) Potometer

(d) The science which deals with the bird is called
(i) Entomology
(ii) Ornithology
(iii) Herpetology

(e) The function of the thermostat in a refrigerator is
(i) To increase the freezing point
(ii) To Lower the temperature
(iii) To maintain the temperature

(f) Blotting paper absorbs ink because
(i) It has a chemical affinity for ink
(ii) The action of capillary
(iii) The force of gravitation acts between blotting paper and ink.

(g) Mirage is an example of

(ii) Refraction and internal reflection of light:D


--------------------------

[B]Answers[/B]

(a) Now there are 8 major and several dwarf planets

(b) The science of study of old age is called
(i) [B]Gerontology[/B]
(ii) Carcinology
(iii) Nephrology
(c) The instrument used for measuring the velocity of air
(i) Barometer
(ii) [B]Anemometer[/B]
(iii) Potometer

(d) The science which deals with the bird is called
(i) Entomology
(ii) [B]Ornithology[/B]
(iii) Herpetology

(e) The function of the thermostat in a refrigerator is
(i) To increase the freezing point
(ii) To Lower the temperature
(iii) [B]To maintain the temperature[/B]

(f) Blotting paper absorbs ink because
(i) It has a chemical affinity for ink
[B](ii) The action of capillary[/B]
(iii) The force of gravitation acts between blotting paper and ink.

(g) Mirage is an example of
[B](i) Reflection of light[/B](ii) Refraction and internal reflection of light
(iii) Polarization of light


a)vision [B]eye[/B]
b)reproduction [B]Gonades[/B]
c)hormone secretion [B]glands[/B]
d)blood pumping [B]heart[/B]
e)food storage [B]stem and stomach[/B]

thanx Dr Atif Rana for starting this thread
can someone continue it? i mean if someone can solve papers since 2000 to onward, i dont have science background, and i could not attend classes of EDS in my academy, one of my friends suggested that i should atleast prepare 20 years past papers for this attempt, books having alot of scientific terms for every topic which i cant search out and remember so it would be really nice of you people if you can continue this thread its much better than bookish stuff,


+ i m really not intressted in understanding especially Physics and Chemistery things so is it ok if i just cram past papers material without understanding reasons

Afridi
 

u guys doing an excellent job... like the way u paste here the qustions along with answers... i m really thankful to have ppl (frinds) like u in this forum...

regards/\ Afridi

EDS MCQs 2011
 

1. The planet of the solar system which has maximum numbers of Moon is:

[B]a) Jupiter[/B] (as of 2011)
b) Venus
c) Saturn
d) Uranus
e) None of these

2. Sun is a: (star)

a) Planet
b) Comet
c) Satellite
d) Aurora
[B]e) None of these[/B]

3. the age of the solar system is

[B]a) 4.5 billion years[/B]
b) 5.5 billion years
c) 6.5 billion years
d) 7.5 billion years
e) None of these

4. A unit of length equal to the average distance between the earth and sun is called

a) Light year
[B]b) Astronomical unit[/B]
c) Parsec
d) Parallax
e) None of these

5. An eclipse of the sun occurs when

[B]a) The moon is between the sun and the earth[/B]
b) The sun is between the earth and the moon
c) The earth is between the sun and the moon
d) The earth casts its shadow on the moon
e) None of these

6. The ozone layer protects the earth from rays sent by the sun:

[B]a) Ultraviolet rays[/B]
b) Infrared rays
c) Gamma rays
d) radioactive rays
e) None of these

7. The ozone layer is present about 30miles (50km) in atmosphere above earth. The stratum (layer) of atmosphere in which ozone layer lies is called as:

a) Exosphere
b) Mesosphere
[B]c) Stratosphere[/B]
d) ionosphere
e) Troposphere

8. Which rocks are formed by the alteration of pre-existing rocks by great heat or pressure

a) Igneous rocks
b) Sedimentary rocks
[B]c) Metamorphic rocks[/B]
d) Acid rocks
e) Basic rocks

9. The most abundant natural Iron oxides are

a) Magnetite and Pyrite
b) Magnetite and Bauxite
c) Hematite and Pyrite
[B]d) Hematite and Magnetite[/B]
e) Hematite and Bauxite

10.The most abundant elements in sea water are

a) Sodium and Potassium
b) Sodium and Calcium
[B]c) Sodium and Chlorine[/B]
d) Chlorine and Iodine
e) Magnesium and Sulphur

11. An electric current can produce

a) Chemical effect
b) Magnetic effect
c) Heating effect
[B]d) All of these three[/B]
e) None of these

12. The unit of home electricity energy consumption is:

a) Watt hour
[B]b) Kilowatt hour[/B]
c) Joule hour
d) Kilojoule hour
e) None of these

13. The magnet always points in the same direction, if move freely i.e. towards north and south poles, because of:

a) Gravitational field
b) A lot of metals deposits on north and south poles
c) Due to attraction of north pole and repulsion of Western pole
[B]d) Earth is a huge magnet[/B]
e) None of these

14. When sound is reflected from floor, ceiling or a wall , it mixes with the original sound and change its complexion, it is called as

a) Sound
b) Echo
[B]c) Reverberation[/B]
d) noise
e) None of these

15. the speed of sound in dry air at 20 C is about (343 m/s)

a) 130 meters per second
b) 230 meters per second
c) 330 meters per second
d) 430 meters per second
[B]e) None of these[/B]

16.The of light in vacuum is about

a) 300 Million meters per second
b) 300 Million meters per hour
[B]c) 300 Million kilometers per second[/B]
d) 300 Million kilometers per hour
e) None of these

17. The time light takes from Sun to reach Earth is:

[B]a) 8 minutes[/B]
b) 25 minutes
c) 45 minutes
d) 60 minutes
e) None of these

18. Light from Sun travels a distance before it reaches Earth:

a) 50 Million Km
b) 100 Million Km
[B]c) 150 Million Km[/B]
d) 200 Million Km
e) None of these

19. the most suitable thermometer for measuring the boiling point of water is:

[B]a) Mercury thermometer[/B]
b) Alcohol thermometer
c) Bimetallic thermometer
d) Liquid crystal thermometer
e) None of these

20. The density of water is greatest at:

a) 32°C
b) 0°C
[B]c) 4°C[/B]
d) 100°C
e) None of these

21.Which one of the following statements is true:

a) Gases do not conduct heat
b) The best conductors are non-metals
c) Conduction currents occur only in liquids
[B]d) A vacuum can not conduct heat[/B]
e) None of the statements is true.

22. Ice can be changed to water by:

a) Adding more water molecules
[B]b) Changing the motion of the water molecules[/B]
c) Rearranging the atoms in water molecules
d) Destroying the atoms in water molecules
e) None of these

23. The building blocks of elements are called:

a) Atoms
[B]b) Molecules[/B]
c) Compounds
d) Isotopes
e) None of these

24. Boiling of an egg is a change which is:

a) Physical
[B]b) Chemical[/B]
c) Physiological
d) Morphological
e) None of these

25. The temperature of liquid nitrogen is:

a) -32°C
b) -80°C
c) -100°C
[B]d) -196°C[/B]
e) None of these

26. Which one of the following is an alkali?

a) water
b) vinegar
c) lemon juice
[B]d) slaked lime[/B]
e) None of these

27. If an alkali is slowly added to an acidic solution, the pH of the acidic solution will:

[B]a) Increase[/B] (not sure)
b) Decrease
c) Increase to 7 and then decrease
d) Decrease to 7 and then increase
e) Will remain same

28. The usual raw material for ceramics, generally found beneath the top soil is?

a) Sand
b) Slit
[B]c) Clay[/B]
d) Plaster of Paris
e) Melamine

29. Polyamides are synthetic polymers commonly known as:

a) Synthetic rubber
[B]b) Nylon[/B]
c) Cellulose
d) Protein
e) None of these.

30. Telephone was invented in 1876 in America by:

a) Marconi
b) Galileo
c) John Beard
d) Edison
[B]e) Graham Bell.[/B]

31. Information can be sent over long distances in the form of:

a) Electrical signals through wires
[B]b) Light signals through optical fibres[/B]
c) Radio waves through air
d) Any combination of these three.
e) None of these

32. Information can be stored in:

a) Audio and video cassettes
b) Floppy and compact discs
c) Hard disks
d) Laser and optical disks
[B]e) All of these four
[/B]
33.Computers can:

[B]a) Add and subtract information only.[/B]
b) Add subtract and sort information only.
c) Add subtract sort and classify information.
d) Add and subtract but cannot sort information.
e) Add subtract and sort but cannot classify information.

34.IBM stands for:

[B]a) International Business Machines[/B]
b) International Big Machines
c) Interrelated Business Machines
d) Interrelated Big Machines
e) None of these.

35. Chemicals used to kill weeds are called as:

a) Insecticides
b) Fungicides
[B]c) Herbicides[/B]
d) Fumigants
e) None of these.

36. The cytoplasm consists of several types of structures, which are called:

a) Protoplasm
b) Nucleus
c) Cytochromes
[B]d) Organelles[/B]
e) None of these.

37. The structure of DNA was elaborated by Watson and Crick in:

a) 1909
b) 1923
c) 1945
[B]d) 1953[/B]
e) None of these.

38. In a DNA molecules, the rulefor base pairing is:

[B]a) Adenine always bound with thymine and cytosine with guanine[/B]
b) Adenine always bound with cytosine and thymine with guanine
c) Adenine always bound with guanine and cytosine with thymine
d) Adenine always bound with uracil and cytosine with guanine
e) None of these.

39. Man belongs to the family:

a) Felidae
[B]b) Hominidae[/B]
c) Mammalia
d) Primataceae
e) None of these.

40. Deficiency of vitamin C in human body causes a deficiency disease called:

a) Beriberi
b) Night blindness
c) Rickets
[B]d) Scurvy[/B]
e) None of these.

41. To measure the specific gravity of milk, the instrument used is:

a) Hygrometer
b) Barometer
[B]c) Lactometer[/B]
d) Hydrometer
e) None of these.

42. one of the fundamental characteristics of living organisms is:

a) Photosynthesis
b) Digestion
c) Excretion
[B]d) Metabolism[/B]
e) None of these.

43. Plants growing on other plants are called as:

a) Saprophytes
b) Parasites
[B]c) Epiphytes[/B]
d) Pathogens
e) None of these.

44. As per eating habit, squirrels are:

[B]a) Frugivorous[/B]
b) Herbivorous
c) Carnivorous
d) Omnivorous
e) Insectivorous.

45. Water loss from leaves through stomata is called as:

a) Evaporation
[B]b) Transpiration[/B]
c) Evapo-Transpiration
d) Respiration
e) None of these.

46. the study of how plants and animals interact with one another and with the non-living environment is called as:

a) Ecosystem
b) Sociology
[B]c) Ecology[/B]
d) Habitat
e) None of these.

47. The number of bines in human body is:

a) 200
b) 202
c) 204
[B]d) 206[/B]
e) None of these.

48. Nervous system in human consists of:

a) Brain and spinal cord.
b) Brain and nerves.
c) Spinal cord and nerves.
[B]d) Brain, spinal cord and nerves.[/B] (central and peripheral)
e) None of these.

49. In human eye, the light sensitive layer made of specializes nerve cells, rods and cones is called as:

a) The pupil
b) The cornea
c) The sclera
d) The iris
[B]e) The retina.[/B]

50. Erythrocytes are also called as:

[B]a) Red blood cells[/B]
b) White blood cells
c) Platelets
d) Plasma
e) None of these

2010
 

1. Water is heated in a kettle. The inside water is heated by convection. A person sitting near the fire receives heat by :

a) Conduction
b) Convection
[B]c) Radiation[/B]
d) Reflection
e) None of these

2. A time can come when we will be able to design a machine which can go on working for ever without the expenditure of energy. Is it possible ?

[B]a) No[/B]
b) Yes
c) In due course time
d) Very soon
e) None of these

3. The measurement of rainfall is made by an instrument known as :

a) Hydrometer
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Pedometer
[B]e) None of these[/B]

4. Light year is a unit of :

[B]a) Distance[/B]
b) Time Period
c) Light intensity
d) Time
e) none of these

5. Three elements needed for the healthy growth of plants are :

[B]a) N,P,K[/B]
b) N,C,P
c) N,K,C
d) N,S,P
e) none of these

6.Copper can be converted into gold by :

a) Heating
[B]b) Artificial Radioactivity[/B]
c) Electroplating
d) Chemical reaction
e) None of these

7. In winter an iron pipe feel colder than a wooden window . This is because wood is :

a) Conductor
[B]b) non-Conductor[/B]
c) Semi- Conductor
d) Not a solid while iron is a solid
e) None of these

8. The echo (reflected sound) will be distinctly heard only at ordinary temperatures if the distance of the reflecting surfaces from the source of sound is at least :

a) 1120 ft
b) 120 ft
[B]c) 56fft[/B]
d) 100 ft
e) None of these

9. It is possible to recognize a person in the dark by simply hearing his unique voice . It is because of the:

[B]a) pitch[/B]
b) Frequency
c) Time period
d) Quality
e) None of these

10. When a ray of sunlight enters a dark room , its straight path become visible because of dust particles hanging in the air. It is because light is :

[B]a) Visible[/B]
B) Transparent
c) Invisible
d) opaque
e) None of these

11. A six feet tall lady wants to see her full image in a plane mirror . The minimum length of the mirror will be :

a) 6 feet
b) 12 feet
c) 4 feet
[B]d) 3 feet[/B]
e) None of these

12. The principle used in radar is the same as that of Sonar. In radar we use radio waves ; whereas in sonar we use :

A) red waves
b) Infrared waves
[B]c) Ultrasonic[/B]
d) super sonic
e) None of these

13. In a fission nuclear reaction , a heavy nucleus breaks up into smaller nuclei whereas in another nuclear reaction two or more than two possibly nuclei are fused to form a heavy nucleus This nuclear reaction is called :

a) Chemical Reaction
b) Nuclear reaction
c) Fission nuclear reaction
[B]d) Fusion nuclear reaction[/B]
e) None of these

14. Parsec is a unit of :

a) Energy
b) Time
c) Power
[B]d) Distance[/B]
e) None of these

15. German Silver is an alloy of:

[B]A) Zn + Ni[/B]
b) Cu + Zn
c) Cu + Ni
d) Cu + Sn
e) None of these

16. The Continent Antarctica lies at the:

a) North pole [B]b) South pole [/B]c) middle of the earth d) Equator
e) None of these

17. The temperature of the dead body is:

a) 0 'C
b) 37 '
c) room temperature
[B]d) temperature of the place where it is kept[/B]
e) None of these

18. Lactometer is a type of Hydrometer which is used to measure the specific gravity of :

a) Honey
b) Water
[B]c) Milk[/B]
d) olive oil
e) None of these

19. Cusec is a unit of :

[B]a) Area[/B]
b) Time
c) Distance
d) mass
e) None of these

20. The deepest place on earth is :

a) Trench
[B]b) Mariana Trench[/B]
C) Mangrove
d) Groove
e) None of these

21. Twinkling of stars is caused by :

a) Reflection of light
b) Polarization of light
[B]c) refraction of light[/B]
d) Interference of light
e) None of these

22. Magnifying power of a simple microscope can be increased by :

[B]a) increasing focal length of the lens[/B]
b) Decreasing focal length of the lens
c) Lens of large aperture
d) lens of short aperture
e) None of these

23. Bronze medal is made up of metal :

a) Copper , Zinc
b) Copper , Nickle
[B]c) Coppe4r , Tin[/B]
d) Sopper , Silver

24. One of the countries through which equator passes is :

[B]a) Kenya[/B]
B) Pakistan
c) Malaysia
d) Malta
e) None of these

25. A very important practical application of properties of matter is hoeing or "godi" practiced by the farmers. This property of matter is called :

a) Elasticity
b) Stress
[B]c) Capillarity[/B]
d) Strain
e) None of these

26. It is observed that the total pressure exerted by air on the man of average siz is around 14.7 lb wt. per square inch. But the man feels quite comfortable,. It is because of :

a) An equal and opposite pressure acts from inside
b) of the height of a man
[B]c) of gravity[/B]
d) Earth pulls the man upward
e) None of these

27) A nuclear reactor is a device used to carry out controlled nuclear reaction whereas GM counter is a device used to detect :

a) Current
b) Voltage
[B]C) nuclear Radiation[/B]
d) power
e) None of these

28. A body can escape the gravitational pull of the earth if it is thrown up with a velocity of:

a) 25 miles per sec
b ) 60 miles per sec
[B]c) 7 miles per sec[/B]
d) 10 miles per sec
e) None of these

29. Night vision is possible with the help of :

a) Red light
b) Violet light
[B]c) Infrared Rays[/B]
d) Ultra violet Light
e) None of these

30. Myopia is a defect of human eye. it can be corrected by using a lens called :

a) Convex lens
[B]b) Concave lens[/B]
c) Cylindrical lens
d) Plano convex lens
e) None of these

31. Walnuts can be broken in the hand by squeezing two together but not one. It is because of :

[B]a) Work done[/B]
b) Power
c) Energy
d) Volume
e) None of these

32. The instrument which i specially design for recording earth quake wave is called seismograph which measure earth quake waves on a

a) Diatonic scale
b) Fahrenheit Scale
[B]c) Richter scale[/B]
d) Celsius Scale
e) None of these

33. The planet Mercury completes one rotation around the sun is
[B]a) 88 days[/B]
b) 365 days
c) 98 days
d) 60 days

e) None of these

34. Fossils found in the lowest geological strata are generally most :

a) Advance
b) Complex
[B]c) Primitive[/B]
d) Specialized
e) None of these

35. Evolution can be described as :

[B]a) A continuing process[/B]
b) A catastrophic event in the past
c) Static
d) The attaining of an ideal type
e) None of these

36. What is the only source of new alleles?

a) Crossing over
b) independent assortment
[B]c) Mutation[/B]
d) Fertilization
e) None of these

37. Polygenic characteristic are controlled by :

a) Dominant genes
b) Recessive genes
[B]c) Multiple genes[/B]
d) Mutated genes
e) None of these

38. Which of the following , lists the four stages of food processing in order?

[B]a) ingestion , digestion , absorption , elimination[/B]
b) digestion , ingestion , absorption , elimination
c) ingestion , absorption , elimination , digestion
d) absorption , digestion , ingestion , elimination
e) None of these

39. In humans , most nutrient molecules are absorbed by the :

[B]a) small intestine[/B]
b) stomach
c) liver
d) large intestine
e) None of these

40. The energy needed to fuel essential body processes is called :

a) Essential nutrient level
b) Basal metabolism
c) None of these
[B]d) recommended daily allowance[/B]
e) Optimum energy intake

41. Which of the following is an organic molecule needed by the body in small amounts?

a) Protein
[B]b) Vitamin C[/B]
c) Zinc
d) Monosaccharide
e) None of these

42. Inhaled air passes through which of the following in the last?

[B]a) Bronchiole[/B]
b) Larynx
c) Pharynx
d) Trachea
e) None of these

43. Which of the following is a form of sexual reproduction?

a) Hermaphroditism
B) Fission
c) Fragmentation
d) Budding
[B]e) None of these[/B]

44. Cobalt is a material which is :

[B]a) Strongly attracted by a magnet[/B]
B) Not attracted by a magnet
c) not a magnet
d) Weakly attracted by a magnet
e) None of these

45. Laughing gas has chemical composition of the following two elements which are :

a) Nitrogen + Hydrogen
b) Nitrogen + Carbon
[B]c) Nitrogen + oxygen[/B]
d) Oxygen + Carbon
e) None of these

46. Hepatitis A is transmitted to different individuals by :

[B]a) Water[/B]
b) Sneezing
c) Spit
d) Foeces
e) None of these

47. The unit that coordinates different devices of the computer system is :

a) ALU
b)Register
[B]c) Control unit[/B]
d) Logical instruction
e) None of these

48. The most abundant element present is in the human body is :

a) Nitrogen
b) Oxygen
[B]c) Carbon[/B]
d) Hydrogen
e) None of these

49. Cancer can be treated by :

a) Antibiotics and vaccines
b) Radiotherapy and antibodies
[B]c) Chemotherapy and radiotherapy[/B]
d) Antibodies and chemotherapy
e) None of these

50. Animals obtain carbon dioxide mainly from :

a) Starch
b) Sucrose
c) Glucose
[B]d) Glycogen[/B]
e) None of these

2009
 

(1) Person with following blood group are considered to be universal recipient.

a. A+
b. B+
[B]c. AB+[/B]
d. O+
e. None of these

(2) Study of life in outer space is known as:

a. Endobiology
[B]b. Exobiology[/B]
c. Enterobiology
d. Neobiology
e. Micro biology

(3) The name of the common mineral salt present in sea is:

a. Calcium Oxalate
b. Potassium Sulphate
[B]c. Sodium Chloride[/B]
d. Iron Sulphate
e. None of these

(4) Sensitive layer of the eye is:

a. Choriods
b. Sclerotic
[B]c. Retina[/B]
d. Cornea
e. None of these

(5) Laughing gas has chemical composition of following two elements.

a. Nitrogen + Hydrogen
b. Nitrogen + Carbon
[B]c. Nitrogen + Oxygen[/B]
d. Oxygen + Carbon
e. None of these

(6) Dr. Abdus Salam of Pakistan was one of the contributors of the unification of:

a. Electromagnetic force and gravitational force
[B]b. Electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force[/B]
c. Gravitational force and weak nuclear force
d. Weak nuclear force and strong nuclear force
e. None of these

(7) Which triplet in DNA codes for valine:

a. CTT
b. AGU
c. CAT
d. AAT
[B]e. None of these[/B]

(8) What is the chance of diabetic baby born to parents both heterozygous normal ?

a. Zero
[B]b. ¼[/B]
c. ½
d. ¾
e. None of these

(9) Which of the following is not a part of Darwinism:

a. Over production
b. Natural selection
[B]c. Inheritance for acquired characters[/B]
d. Competition for survival
e. None of these

(10) Role of biotechnology in the production of food based on:

a. Decomposition
b. Respiration
c. Digestion
[B]d. Fermentation[/B]
e. None of these

(11) Which form of drug abuse involves most risk of infection with the HIV (AIDS) virus:

a. Cigarette smoking
b. Using alcholo
[B]c. Injection of heroine[/B]
d. Taking too much aspirin
e. None of these

(12) Founder of modern astronomy was:

a. Archimedes
b. William Gilbert
[B]c. Nicolas Copernicus[/B]
d. Michael Faraday
e. None of these

(13) The instrument which measures very high temperature is:

a. Manometer
b. Thermostat
c. Chronometer
[B]d. Pyrometer[/B]
e. None of these

(14) The science which deals with study of manners and customs of people is:

[B]a. Ethnology[/B]
b. Morphology
c. Ethics
d. Genetics
e. None of these

(15) Chemical used to kill rats and mice are:

a. Insecticides
[B]b. Rodenticides[/B]
c. Fungicides
d. Herbicides
e. None of these

(16) Dry ice is:

a. Methane hydrate
b. Liquid Nitrogen
[B]c. Solid Carbon dioxide[/B]
d. Frozen Water
e. None of these

(17) Chemical name of vinegar is:

a. Sodium Nitrate
[B]b. Dilute acetic acid[/B]
c. Chloride of lime
d. Calcium
e. None of these

(18) Defeciency of following vitamin decreases hemoglobin production:

a. Biotin
[B]b. Thiamine[/B]
c. Niacin
d. Pyridoxine
e. None of these

(19) Hygrometer is used for measuring the:

a. Speed of sound
b. Density of milk
[B]c. Humidity of air[/B]
d. Specific gravity of liquids
e. None of these

(20) Bronze is an alloy of:

a. Copper and Zinc
b. Tin and Zinc
[B]c. Copper and Tin[/B]
d. Iron and Zinc
e. None of these

(21) Which of the following is most elastic ?

[B]a. Steel[/B]
b. Rubber
c. Glass
d. Sponge
e. None of these

(22) Orbital period of the planet Mercury around the sun is:

[B]a. 88 days[/B]
b. 365 days
c. 2 years
d. 98 days
e. None of these

(23) The most splendid and the most magnificient constellation on the sky is:

[B]a. Orion[/B]
b. Columbia
c. Canis Major
d. Taurus
e. None of these

(24) “Black holes” refer to:

a. Hole occurring in heavenly bodies
b. Bright spots on the sun
[B]c. Collapsing objects of high density[/B]
d. Collapsing of low density
e. None of these

(25) Eugenics is the study of:

[B]a. Altering human beings by changing their genetic components[/B]
b. People of European region
c. Different races of mankind
d. Genetic of plants
e. None of these

(26) The position of earth in its orbit, when it is at its greatest distance from the sun causing northern summer is called:

[B]a. Aphelion[/B]
b. Perihelion
c. Perigee
d. Apogee
e. None of these

(27) Diamond is a very expensive ornament. It is composed of a single element:
[B]
a. Carbon
[/B]
b. Gold
c. Silver
d. Platinum
e. None of these

(28) Which of the following layers make radio transmission possible?

a. Troposphere
[B]b. Ionosphere[/B]
c. Mesosphere
d. Stratosphere
e. None of these

(29) Which of the following explains the reason why there is no total eclipse of the sun?

a. Size of the earth in relation to that of moon
[B]b. Orbit of moon around earth[/B]
c. Direction of rotation of earth around sun
d. Area of the sun covered by the moon
e. None of these

(30) Television signals are converted into light signals by:

a. Optical fiber
b. Transistor
c. Decoder
[B]d. Photo diode[/B]
e. None of these

(31) Where do most of Asteroids lie?

[B]a. In asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter[/B]
b. In asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Venus
c. In asteroid belt between the orbits of Jupiter and Venus
d. Everywhere in the sky
e. None of these

(32) The number of spark plugs needed in a diesel engine is:

a. 2
b. 3
[B]c. 0[/B]
d. 4
e. None of these

(33) The half life of a radioactive element is 8-days. How long it take to reduce it from 10 mg to 5 mg?

a. 4 days
b. 12 days
c. 16 days
[B]d. 8 days[/B]
e. None of these

(34) The term ‘Blue Shift’ is used to indicate:

[B]a. Doppler effect in which an object appears bluer when it is moving towards the observer or observer is moving towards the object.[/B]
b. Turning a star from white to blue
c. In future sun would become blue
d. Black hole was blue at its start
e. None of these

(35) Kilowatt-hour is a unit of:

a. Power
[B]b. Electric Current[/B]
c. Energy
d. Time
e. None of these

(36) Fuel used in a Fast Breeder Reactor is:

a. Uranium Oxide
b. Uranium Plutonium carbide
[B]c. Uranium Plutonium Oxide[/B]
d. Uranium thorium Oxide
e. None of these

(37) Monsoon is caused by:

[B]a. Seasonal reversal of winds[/B]
b. Revolution of earth
c. Movement of clouds
d. Rise in temperature
e. Rain forests

(38) Which of the following atmospheric layers help in radio communication?

a. Exosphere
[B]b. Ionosphere[/B]
c. Troposphere
d. Stratosphere
e. Ozone layer

(39) A moderator is used in nuclear reactor in order to:

a. Accelerate the neutrons
[B]b. Slow down the speed of the neutrons[/B]
c. Increase the number of elections
d. Decrease the number of electrons
e. None of these

(40) Sedimentary rocks are:

[B]a. Porous[/B]
b. Hard
c. Rough
d. Brittle
e. Volcanic

(41) Which one of the following is a non-metallic mineral?

a. Manganese
b. Magnesium
[B]c. Gypsum[/B]
d. Bauxite
e. None of these

(42) Ozone layer prevents the following radiation from entering the atmosphere:

a. Infra-red
[B]b. Ultraviolet[/B]
c. X-rays
d. Gamma rays
e. None of these

(43) The phenomenon of Aurora Borealis, the display of red and green lights in northern hemisphere is due to radiations from:

a. Ionosphere
b. Troposphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Stratosphere
[B]e. None of these[/B]

(44) Yeast is used in making bread because it produces:

[B]a. Carbon dioxide[/B]
b. Sugar
c. Bacteria
d. Oxygen
e. None of these

(45) Oasis is associated with:

a. Glaciers
[B]b. Desert[/B]
c. Islands
d. Volcanoes
e. Fertile land

(46) Quartz crystal in quartz watches work on the principle called:

a. Photoelectric effect
b. Stark effect
c. Thermionic effect
[B]d. Piezo-electric effect[/B]
e. None of these

(47) The fruits without seed, like banana, are called:

a. seedless fruits
b. parthenogenesis fruits
[B]c. parthenocarpic fruits[/B]
d. placental fruits
e. Organic fruits

(48) Animal which captures and readily kills living animals for its food is called:

a. Parasite
b. Scavenger
[B]c. Predator[/B]
d. Mammal
e. None of these

(49) In a railway track, two rails are joined end to end with a gap tin between them because:

a. Steel can be saved
b. Accidents due to contraction in winter can be avoided
c. Air gaps are necessary for bearing the weight of running train
d. Accidents due to expansion in summer can be avoided
[B]e. All of these
[/B]
(differences in temperature cause the materials to either shrink or expand. With a lot of shrinking and expanding occurring, these materials would crack or break down if there wasn't any allowance for the movement. Also these gaps are used to compensate for the weight of the load crossing vehicles which presses the bridge to its maximum shear capacity. The gaps serve as this allowance for movement in terms of both temperature and weight.
Why do engineers build bridges and railway lines with gaps in between)

(50) Name the famous book of Ibn-Sina in which he discussed human physiology and medicine:

[B]a. Al-Qanoon[/B]
b. Al-Masudi
c. New Renaissance
d. Tadhkira
e. None of these

[B]35) Kilowatt hour is unit of[/B]

a) Power
(The unit of electric current is Ampere)

[B]9) Which of the following is not a part of Darwinism:[/B]

I think it should be (a) Over production. Because if over production were part of evolution, then the notion of 'survival of the fittest' would be wrong. Plus Darwinism doesn't forgo inheritance of characteristics, it in fact depends on it because the species which are most likely to survive, inherit those superior characteristics from their parents.
I am not 100% certain myself, anyone else agree with me?

@Xaara
 

[B]23. The building blocks of elements are called:[/B]
a) Atoms

Because except for a handful of gases that can only exist as molecules (Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Chlorine) , all other elements are composed of atoms. Molecules are building blocks of compounds not elements.

[B]27) If an alkali is slowly added to an acidic solution, the pH of the acidic solution will:[/B]
d) Decrease to 7 and then increase

A is not right because adding alkali will lower pH of acidic solution.

[B]31) Information can be sent over long distances in the form of:[/B]
Can you explain this, I am sceptical.

[B]10. When a ray of sunlight enters a dark room , its straight path become visible because of dust particles hanging in the air. It is because light is :[/B]
Light itself is invisible. You can see things clearly in presence of light, can't you? Had light been visible our view would have been murky at least :P
b)Transparent

wait for my answers

(35) Kilowatt-hour is a unit of:

a. Power
b. Electric Current
[B]c. Energy[/B]
d. Time
e. None of these



ok, Kilowatt hour is the unit of electricity consumed in homes, I confused it with electric current. but it is a unit of energy basically, not power. WATT is the unit of power. so correct answer is energy.

*The kilowatt hour, also written kilowatt-hour,
(symbol kW·h, kW h or kWh) is a unit of energy.
*It is most commonly used to express amounts of energy delivered by electric utilities, and it appears on electric meters and bills in some countries.

*The kilowatt hour is a measure of work, the watt is a measure of power. The amount of wattage times the amount of time is the amount of work done.

*It is not used in the International System of Units (SI). The SI unit of energy is the joule (J), equal to one watt second. The kilowatt hour is commonly used, though, especially for measuring electric energy.

(9) Which of the following is not a part of Darwinism:

a. Over production
b. Natural selection
[B]c. Inheritance for acquired characters[/B] (I am 1000% sure about it)
d. Competition for survival
e. None of these

[B][I]The inheritance of acquired characteristics is a hypothesis that physiological changes acquired over the life of an organism (such as the enlargement of a muscle through repeated use) may be transmitted to offspring.
[/I][/B]
[B][I]It is also commonly referred to as the theory of adaptation equated with the evolutionary theory of French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck known as Lamarckism.
[/I][/B]

so, it is definitely not a part of Darwinism.

natural selection and competition of fittest to hai he.
so
over production is left.

now have a look

Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection

Darwin's Finches

Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands in 1835. There he observed many of the animal species that he had seen on the South American continent. However, he noticed that while the animals resembled the continental species there were distinct variations that made survival on the Galapagos Islands possible. This inspired the Theory of Natural Selection.

As he traveled from island to island, Darwin noticed that finches on each island had unique bill adaptations that allowed them to take advantage of the food sources of each island. Darwin proposed that the finches had all arrived on the islands at the same time, presumably as members of the same flock blown off course by a storm. There they were able to survive because within the original group there were bill variations that allowed each finch to establish an ecological niche and take advantage of different ways of life. Finches best suited for survival on each island produced offspring with the same bill variation. Overtime, the finches diverged from the original ancestral finch line and became 14 new finch species.

Today, Darwin's finches are found only on the Galapagos Islands with one species on the Cocos Island. They are differentiated from each other by the variations in their bills. What is unusual is that mainland finches are usually distinguished from each other by variations in plumage not body form.

There are few bird species on the Galapagos Islands. When the original finches arrived on the islands, they met little competition and were able to exploit the ecological niches available on each island. Ground finches have stout, strong bills that are good for cracking seeds. Tree finches have pointed bills and eat insects from under tree bark. Another type of finch has a woodpecker-like bill that drills into wood for insects. Unlike, the woodpecker, the finch has a short tongue, so it uses a twig to pull out the insect. Some are able to use cactus needles for this purpose.

The finches have two main predators: the Galapagos hawk and short-eared owl. With human introduction of domestic cats, the ground finches have been vulnerable to attack from this new predator. For the most part, the finches were able to adapt to the island food supply with little threat from predators. They also developed in isolation. This is a necessary condition for changes to take place that lead to new species.

[B]Parts of the Theory[/B]

[B]I. Variation within a Species[/B]

In his studies, Darwin noticed that individuals shared characteristics common to a species, but within a species there could be individual variation. These variations are the result of subtle differences in the genes of individuals. Slight changes in the DNA of an individual can occur through mutation. He speculated that while some mutations might be harmful, others might be beneficial and give an organism a selective advantage in survival.
[B]
II. Overproduction of Offspring[/B]

Darwin also observed that many species produce far more eggs or seeds than could ever develop into adults and be supported by the ecosystem. For example, a single female horseshoe crab may 100,000 eggs during the breeding season, but only 1 in 130,000 eggs survives to adulthood. Many eggs are lost to predators before they ever hatch. Predators also thin out hatchlings as soon as they reach the ocean waters. Darwin speculated that the overproduction of offspring was necessary to ensure that there would be enough adults to continue the species.

[B]III. Struggle for Survival[/B]

Darwin observed that members of the same species competed for food, water, shelter, space, and mates. Those individuals best suited for survival had an advantage during harsh conditions or competition for scarce necessities. Darwin noticed that on the Galapagos Islands tortoise populations included individuals with long necks and short necks. During times of adequate rainfall, vegetation was available for both types of tortoises. However, in dry conditions, tortoises with long necks were favored for survival since they could reach leaves that were higher off the ground. Therefore, their variation was better adapted to the environmental conditions and led to survival.
[B]
IV. Natural Selection[/B]

Finally, individuals whose characteristics were best suited for survival were the most likely to achieve adulthood and reproduce. Through reproduction, the individual's genes were passed onto the next generation. Over time, in isolation, a new species might arise. This is how Darwin explained the 14 different species of finches who were differentiated by their beak type from one another, but who otherwise each strongly resembled an extinct ancestral finch from the South American mainland. This is called adaptive radiation and will be covered in detail in high school biology.

source: [url]http://www.angelfire.com/nj3/mrschen/darwin.htm[/url]

[I][B][I]so, please don't rectify a mistake if you yourself have not investigated enough. only guess-work based reasoning doesn't prove fruitful. other candidates can be confused.[/I][/B][/I]

[QUOTE=chemguy;405942][B]23. The building blocks of elements are called:[/B]
a) Atoms

Because except for a handful of gases that can only exist as molecules (Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Chlorine) , all other elements are composed of atoms. Molecules are building blocks of compounds not elements.

[B]27) If an alkali is slowly added to an acidic solution, the pH of the acidic solution will:[/B]
d) Decrease to 7 and then increase

A is not right because adding alkali will lower pH of acidic solution.

[B]31) Information can be sent over long distances in the form of:[/B]
Can you explain this, I am sceptical.

[B]10. When a ray of sunlight enters a dark room , its straight path become visible because of dust particles hanging in the air. It is because light is :[/B]
Light itself is invisible. You can see things clearly in presence of light, can't you? Had light been visible our view would have been murky at least :P
b)Transparent[/QUOTE]

ok u maybe right in first two, as I am not chem girl u knw :pp

but about that information MCQ, i am not sceptical about fibre optics. I am sure about it. They are most widely used for communication purposes now a days, and light is used in fibre optics.

and moreover, wires are not practical for long distances (think globally), and radio waves would be too weak to go so far carrying information.


about light being visible, it is a little tricky.

Transparent is a medium to allow light pass through it. Light itself cannot be transparent. It is visible to our eye, that is why it is visible in a dark room too! but it is tricky. I can't be sure.

Thanks alot!
 

Out of the 6 that I pointed, I was wrong on 3 accounts and so were you. That makes us even ;)

[QUOTE]so, please don't rectify a mistake if you yourself have not investigated enough. only guess-work based reasoning doesn't prove fruitful. other candidates can be confused.[/QUOTE]

Well aren't you happy that this little discussion cleared concepts for both of us? And possibly saved us from some future embarassment? It certainly did for me with your KwH explanation :clap


I mistook "Inheritance for acquired characters " for inheritance in general sense of word. As for over production, I distinctly remember not finding this concept anywhere in Darwin's Origins of Species. One would think Darwin would've included this in his book :blush: . Nevertheless you are are right about this MCQ.

Concerning the means to send information, I was thinking of option "a combination.." because it'd better to lay fiber optic wires locally and for intercontinental communication, some form of radio signals.

As for light, the only reason we see objects is because light reflects off of them. Light itself is transparent. It'd be nice to have some source to ascertain this. I gave away the book in which I had read this :(

u r good.just keep it up

[QUOTE=xaara~hussain;405860]


19. Cusec is a unit of :

[B]a) Area[/B]
b) Time
c) Distance
d) mass
e) None of these[/QUOTE]

Cusec is unit for[B] volume flow rate
[/B]
So it must be [B]none of these.[/B]

[url=http://www.convertunits.com/info/cusec]Measurement unit conversion: cusec[/url]



[QUOTE]48. The most abundant element present is in the human body is :

a) Nitrogen
b) Oxygen
[B]c) Carbon[/B]
d) Hydrogen
e) None of these[/QUOTE]

It's [B]Oxygen.[/B]

[url=http://www.freeinfosociety.com/site.php?postnum=658]Elements in the Human Body - The Free Information Society[/url]

its not alpha its gamma radiations which are not affected by Magnetic Field.......