CORRECTION PLEASE
watt-hour and joule are the units of energy.Where as horsepower and kilowatts are the unts of Power.



rgds

And the units of work are identical to Energy.

so
(viii) Unit of electricity ‘KILOWATT HOUR’ is the unit of (force, work, power)

I think it is better not to answer rather than throwing guesses
I recommend to only post a answer if you are 100 % sure
or at least post some comments if you are not 100 % sure




13. Which part of a plant do they belong to?
(i) Ginger........................underground Stem
(ii) Raddish.....................edible Root
(iii) Potato..................... under ground Stem (tuber)
amazing thing sweet Potato is a root
Well for the CSS Exam it will be UnderGround Stem


(iv) Cinnamon.................Bark of stem

(v) Peanut..................... Fruit will also be right
(vi) Saffron...................Stigma of Flower
(vii) Almond...................Fruit
(viii) Chillies.................... is simple words a Fruit
(ix) Spinach...................leaves
(x) Tomato ...................fruit

@SAZ
Dear brother, I think, you have not read my note in previous posts. No body is perfect. It is humane to err. And one more thing that you can not learn with out committing mistakes. If you read disclaimer of this site, it does not claim that the material is 100% correct.
You are welcomed to do healthy criticism, because its good for me and every body learns something after criticism. So I admire your criticism, but at the same time I suggest you to be analytical while criticizing any body.

This thread is started with the intention that our fellow aspirants who are interested in EDS, and are confused because of not finding any book without mistakes, and are keen for removing their confusions in this subject.
Every body has right to pinpoint any mistake and no body claims that every answer is correct. I appreciate your answer, because I have learnt something from this. I try my best to ensure before posting answers that it should be true, and how I convince you that I search from many places these answers.

But dear, you at the end made my whole work worthless. Do criticism, it is good but don’t stop any one in taking part in these exercises, as this is a forum for discussion and every body has right to reserve his comments, we are like a family and to rectify each other is our duty, so plz don’t mind .
No matter; I will try me best to be careful in future.

Regards
Atif Rana

EVERYDAY SCIENCE PAPER 1995

Note: Attempt TEN questions. All questions carry equal marks. Draw diagrams where necessary. Negative marking would be done for incorrect answers in Question Nos. 1 and 14.

1. Which of the following statements are true and which are false.

a) Cryptograms are non-flowering plants.(f)
Cryptograms :coded message: a text or message that is in code or cipher.


b) Reserve food material is usually stored as glycogen in plants.(f)
Reserve food material is usually stored as starch in plants.

Reserve food material is usually stored as glycogen in liver and muscles of animals.

c) Streptococcus is a gram negative bacteria(f)

Streptococcus, genus of spherical, gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. The streptococci occur in pairs or chains, and some species are pathogenic in humans. Streptococcal infections include strep throat, scarlet fever, erysipelas, puerperal fever, and some pneumonias.

Streptococcus:a bacterium that typically occurs in clusters resembling grapes, normally inhabits the skin and mucous membranes, and may cause disease.


d) Spinach is a good source of vitamin K.(f)
d) Spinach is a good source of vitamin A, B2 (Riboflavin) and Iron.

e) Insulin is a hormone secreted by the spleen.(f)
e) Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas.

f) Femur is a bone of the forearm.(f)
f) Femur is a bone of the leg.

g) The moon has no atmosphere.
g) The moon has nearly no atmosphere.because very minute quantity of gases are found.

h) Excessive burning of fossil fuels cause acid rain.(t)

Acid Rain, form of air pollution in which airborne acids produced by electric utility plants and other sources fall to Earth in distant regions. The corrosive nature of acid rain causes widespread damage to the environment. The problem begins with the production of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and oil, and from certain kinds of manufacturing. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water and other chemicals in the air to form sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and other pollutants. These acid pollutants reach high into the atmosphere, travel with the wind for hundreds of miles, and eventually return to the ground by way of rain, snow, or fog, and as invisible “dry” forms.

i) Twenty-first of June is the longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere(t).summer solstice, here is summer
Twenty-first of June is the shortest day of the year in the southern hemisphere(t).here is winter

Vernal Equinox, one of two times of year when the Sun's position makes day and night of equal length in all parts of the Earth. The vernal equinox usually occurs on March 20 or 21 and marks the beginning of the spring season in the Northern Hemisphere.
and marks the beginning of the autumn season in the southern Hemisphere.

Autumnal Equinox, one of two times of year when the Sun’s position makes day and night of nearly equal length in all parts of the Earth. The autumnal equinox, which usually occurs on September 22 or 23, marks the beginning of the fall season in the Northern Hemisphere.

And marks the beginning of the spring season in the southern Hemisphere.


j) Electricity is a secondary source of energy.(t) not confirm, plz check this

2. Define any FIVE of the following scientific terms.

a) Doping: Doping, adding impurities to semiconductor materials in order to change their electrical characteristics.


b) Immunization:Immunization, also called vaccination or inoculation, a method of stimulating resistance in the human body to specific diseases using microorganisms—bacteria or viruses—that have been modified or killed. These treated microorganisms do not cause the disease, but rather trigger the body's immune system to build a defense mechanism that continuously guards against the disease. If a person immunized against a particular disease later comes into contact with the disease-causing agent, the immune system is immediately able to respond defensively.


c) Pasteurization:Pasteurization, process of heating a liquid, particularly milk, to a temperature between 55° and 70° C (131° and 158° F), to destroy harmful bacteria without materially changing the composition, flavor, or nutritive value of the liquid. The process is named after the French chemist Louis Pasteur, who devised it in 1865 to inhibit fermentation of wine and milk. Milk is pasteurized by heating at a temperature of 63° C (145° F) for 30 minutes, rapidly cooling it, and then storing it at a temperature below 10° C (50° F).

d) Modulation:change sound: to change the tone, pitch, or volume of sound, e.g. of a musical instrument or the human voice


e) Catabolism: constructive metabolism, is the process of synthesis required for the growth of new cells and the maintenance of all tissues. Catabolism, or destructive metabolism, is a continuous process concerned with the production of the energy required for all external and internal physical activity. Catabolism also involves the maintenance of body temperature and the degradation of complex chemical units into simpler substances that can be removed as waste products from the body through the kidneys, intestines, lungs, and skin.

f) Reprocessing of reactor fuel.
The spent fuel still contains almost all the original uranium-238, about one-third of the uranium-235, and some of the plutonium-239 produced in the reactor. In cases where the spent fuel is sent to permanent storage, none of this potential energy content is used. In cases where the fuel is reprocessed, the uranium is recycled through the diffusion plant, and the recovered plutonium-239 may be used in place of some uranium-235 in new fuel elements.


3. What do you understand by the term “deforestation”? Discuss its ill-effects on the mankind.
Deforestation, large-scale removal of forest prior to its replacement by other land uses. Forests are removed for a variety of reasons, including agriculture, timber harvesting, and mining, and to make way for roads, dams, and human settlements
Deforestation poses a severe worldwide environmental problem. Forests take enormous amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the process of photosynthesis. The destruction of forests exacerbates the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which then contributes to global warming. In addition, deforestation causes soil erosion and destabilizes watersheds, resulting in flooding or drought.

Deforestation also reduces biodiversity, particularly significant in tropical forests that are home to a substantial portion of the world’s plant and animal species. Deforestation processes are, in general, more destructive in the tropics. Most forest soils in the tropics are far less fertile than temperate soils, and more vulnerable to erosion. This is due to high rainfall, which leaches nutrients from the soil and speeds erosion.



4. Fill in the blanks.
a) The largest planet of the solar system is Jupiter.

Jupiter (planet), fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet in the solar system. The fourth brightest object in Earth’s sky, after the Sun, the Moon, and Venus, Jupiter is more than three times brighter than Sirius, the brightest star. Due to its prominence in the sky, the Romans named the planet for their chief god, Jupiter.


b) The outermost layer of the earth is called crust.


Crust, outermost layer of Earth. The crust is solid and relatively thin, and it lies below both landmasses and oceans. The dry land of Earth’s surface is called the continental crust. It is about 15 to 75 km (9 to 47 mi) thick. The oceanic crust is thinner than the continental crust. Its average thickness is 5 to 10 km (3 to 6 mi).

Beneath the crust lies a much thicker layer called the mantle, which surrounds Earth’s central core.


c) Newton is the unit of force.

d) Radium was discovered by Marie Curie.

Wilhelm Roentgen, who had discovered X-rays,


e) The memory of the computer is expressed in Bytes.

f) Quartz is a crystalline form of silicon dioxide.

g) AIDS is caused by HIV.

h) Chemical name of gypsum is calcium sulfate.
it is hydrated calcium sulfate

i) Molten super hot material present inside a volcano is called Magma.

Lava, molten or partially molten rock that erupts at the earth’s surface. When lava comes to the surface, it is red-hot, reaching temperatures as high as 1200° C (2200° F).



j) Richter scale measures the severity of earthquake.

5. What is composition of blood? Describe six main functions of blood.

Blood, vital fluid found in humans and other animals that provides important nourishment to all body organs and tissues and carries away waste materials. Sometimes referred to as “the river of life,” blood is pumped from the heart through a network of blood vessels collectively known as the circulatory system.

Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to all the other tissues in the body and, in turn, carries waste products, predominantly carbon dioxide, back to the lungs where they are released into the air. When oxygen transport fails, a person dies within a few minutes. Food that has been processed by the digestive system into smaller components such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates is also delivered to the tissues by the blood. These nutrients provide the materials and energy needed by individual cells for metabolism, or the performance of cellular function. Waste products produced during metabolism, such as urea and uric acid, are carried by the blood to the kidneys, where they are transferred from the blood into urine and eliminated from the body. In addition to oxygen and nutrients, blood also transports special chemicals, called hormones, that regulate certain body functions. The movement of these chemicals enables one organ to control the function of another even though the two organs may be located far apart. In this way, the blood acts not just as a means of transportation but also as a communications system.

The blood is more than a pipeline for nutrients and information; it is also responsible for the activities of the immune system, helping fend off infection and fight disease. In addition, blood carries the means for stopping itself from leaking out of the body after an injury. The blood does this by carrying special cells and proteins, known as the coagulation system, that start to form clots within a matter of seconds after injury.

Blood is vital to maintaining a stable body temperature; in humans, body temperature normally fluctuates within a degree of 37.0° C (98.6° F). Heat production and heat loss in various parts of the body are balanced out by heat transfer via the bloodstream. This is accomplished by varying the diameter of blood vessels in the skin. When a person becomes overheated, the vessels dilate and an increased volume of blood flows through the skin. Heat dissipates through the skin, effectively lowering the body temperature. The increased flow of blood in the skin makes the skin appear pink or flushed. When a person is cold, the skin may become pale as the vessels narrow, diverting blood from the skin and reducing heat loss.




6. Write short notes (not more than 150 words) on any two of the following.
a) Semi-conductors:Semiconductor, solid or liquid material, able to conduct electricity at room temperature more readily than an insulator, but less easily than a metal.

Such metals as copper, silver, and aluminum are excellent conductors, but such insulators as diamond and glass are very poor conductors .At low temperatures, pure semiconductors behave like insulators. Under higher temperatures or light or with the addition of impurities, however, the conductivity of semiconductors can be increased dramatically, reaching levels that may approach those of metals.


b) Pesticides: a chemical substance used to kill pests, especially insects

The chemical agents called pesticides include herbicides (for weed control), insecticides, and fungicides.


c) Laser:Laser, a device that produces and amplifies light. The word laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Laser light is very pure in color, can be extremely intense, and can be directed with great accuracy. Lasers are used in many modern technological devices including bar code readers, compact disc (CD) players, and laser printers. Lasers can generate light beyond the range visible to the human eye, from the infrared through the X-ray range. Masers are similar devices that produce and amplify microwaves

Rrgards

Paper 1995

10. Classify the following animals are reptiles, mammals, birds and fish.
a) Blue whale
b) Cobra
c) Panda
d) Ostrich
e) Penguin
f) Kiwi
g) Shark
h) Alligator
i) Dolphin
j) Tortoise.

11. Name all the organs of the excretory system of the human body. Draw a labeled diagram and explain the functions of each organ.

12. Differentiate between the following.
a) Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
b) Epidemic and endemic
c) Herbivores and carnivores
d) Photosynthesis and respiration
e) Pollination and fertilization

13. How do our domestic and industrial activities pollute water? Explain with reference to two important industries of Pakistan.

14. Fill in the blanks with the correct choice.
a) pH of blood is (3.4-4.4, 7.3-7.4, 9.3-9.4)
b) One of the countries through which equator passes is (Kenya, Pakistan, Malaysia)
c) Purest form of iron is (pig iron, wrought iron, cast iron)
d) Hypo is a solution of (sodium chloride, silver nitrate, sodium thiosulphate)
e) Cod liver oil contains (Vitamin K, Vitamin E,, Vitamin D)
f) Aorta is an organ of the (nervous system, circulatory system,, digestive system)
g) Planet Mars has (one, two, four) moons.
h) Bauxite is an ore of (boron, aluminium, magnesium).
i) Circular aperture which appears as a dark spot in the eye is called (iris, pupil, lens)
j) The most distant planet in the solar system is (mars, Pluto, Jupiter)

15. Match the scientists and their discoveries/inventions given in column (a) and (b)
A B
Einstein Neutron
Roentgen Laws of heredity
Charles Darwin X-Rays
Chadwick Theory of evolution
Mendel Mass energy conversion equation

rgds

Paper 1995

10. Classify the following animals are reptiles, mammals, birds and fish.
a) Blue whale mammals
b) Cobra reptile
c) Panda mammal
d) Ostrich bird
e) Penguin bird
f) Kiwi bird
g) Shark fish
h) Alligator reptile
i) Dolphin mammal
j) Tortoise. reptile

14. Fill in the blanks with the correct choice.
a) pH of blood is ( 7.3-7.4, )
b) One of the countries through which equator passes is (Kenya,)
c) Purest form of iron is ( wrought iron)
d) Hypo is a solution of ( sodium thiosulphate)
e) Cod liver oil contains ( Vitamin D)
f) Aorta is an organ of the ( circulatory system)
g) Planet Mars has ( two) moons.
h) Bauxite is an ore of (aluminium, ).
i) Circular aperture which appears as a dark spot in the eye is called(pupil)
j) The most distant planet in the solar system is ( Pluto)

15. Match the scientists and their discoveries/inventions given in column (a) and (b)
A B
Einstein mass energy conversion eqation
Roentgen x-rays
Charles Darwin theory of evolution
Chadwick neutron
Mendel laws of hereditary

a) Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia

Hypoglycemia :the medical condition of having an unusually low level of sugar in the blood

hyperglycemia: the medical condition of having an unusually high level of sugar in the blood


b) Epidemic, outbreak of contagious disease affecting an unusually large number of people or involving an extensive geographical area.

endemic:a disease that usually occurrs within a particular area or locality some time in a year.


c) Herbivore, animal that eats only plant material. Herbivores are primary consumers in the food web.
Carnivore, general term for any animal that subsists mainly on the flesh of other animals

d)Photosynthesis, process by which green plants and certain other organisms use the energy of light to convert carbon dioxide and water into the simple sugar glucose.An extremely important byproduct of photosynthesis is oxygen, on which most organisms depend.

respiration;here we take oxygen and exale carbon dioxide where as in plants in day time co2 is taken and o2 is given off .

e) Pollination :Pollination, transfer of pollen grains from the male structure of a plant to the female structure of a plant. The pollen grains contain cells that will develop into male sex cells, or sperm. The female structure of a plant contains the female sex cells, or eggs. Pollination prepares the plant for fertilization, the union of the male and female sex cells. Virtually all grains, fruits, vegetables, wildflowers, and trees must be pollinated and fertilized to produce seed or fruit, and pollination is vital for the production of critically important agricultural crops, including corn, wheat, rice, apples, oranges, tomatoes, and squash.


fertilization:Fertilization, the process in which gametes—a male's sperm and a female's egg or ovum—fuse together, producing a single cell that develops into an adult organism. Fertilization occurs in both plants and animals that reproduce sexually—that is, when a male and a female are needed to produce an offspring

13. How do our domestic and industrial activities pollute water? Explain with reference to two important industries of Pakistan.

note: Due to the importance of the topic I am putting here some additional information which may or may not relate to the Question.
Water Pollution
, contamination of rivers, lakes, underground water, bays, or oceans by substances harmful to living things. Water is necessary to life on Earth. All organisms contain it; some live in it; some drink it. Plants and animals require water that is moderately pure, and they cannot survive if their water is loaded with toxic chemicals or harmful microorganisms. If severe, water pollution can kill large numbers of fish, birds, and other animals, in some cases killing all members of a species in an affected area. Pollution makes streams, lakes, and coastal waters unpleasant to look at, to smell, and to swim in. Fish and shellfish harvested from polluted waters may be unsafe to eat. People who ingest polluted water can become ill, and, with prolonged exposure, may develop cancers or bear children with birth defects.

The major water pollutants are chemical, biological, or physical materials that degrade water quality. Pollutants can be classed into eight categories, each of which presents its own set of hazards

Water pollutants result from many human activities. Pollutants from industrial sources may pour out from the outfall pipes of factories or may leak from pipelines and underground storage tanks. Polluted water may flow from mines where the water has leached through mineral-rich rocks or has been contaminated by the chemicals used in processing the ores. Cities and other residential communities contribute mostly sewage, with traces of household chemicals mixed in. Sometimes industries discharge pollutants into city sewers, increasing the variety of pollutants in municipal areas. Pollutants from such agricultural sources as farms, pastures, feedlots, and ranches contribute animal wastes, agricultural chemicals, and sediment from erosion
note
this question needs some additional points regarding industries in Pakistan that are causing water pollution, such as Tanning Industries and fertilizer industries.

Regards

EVERYDAY SCIENCE PAPER 1996
Note: Attempt TEN questions. All questions carry equal marks. Draw diagrams where necessary. Negative marking would be done for incorrect answers in Question Nos. 1 and 2.

1. Which of the following statements are true.

a) Jbir Ibne Hayyan was the author book Kitab Al- Manazir.
b) Abyl Qasim Al-Zahravi was a famous Muslim mathematician.
c) The speed of light is nearly 300,000 km/sec.
d) Ideally water can e used as a car fuel after electrolysis.
e) A machine helps us do more work with less force.
f) Our eye is very sensitive to blue light.
g) We can receive TV sound signal on our FM radio sets.
h) Sound can travel through vacuum.
i) Famous Muslim botanist Ibn Al Baitar lived during the period 700-90 A.D.
j) A ceramic engine would have greater efficiency.

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct choice.

a) Al Beruni died in ____________ A.D. (848, 1048, 1248)
b) Abu Ali Sina was born in ____________. (Iraq, Turkey, Spain)
c) ____________ colour has shortest wavelength. (blue, yellow, green)
d) ____________ metal has the highest electrical conductivity. (silver, tungsten, copper)
e) light travels fastest in ____________. (glass, vacuum, plastics)
f) Our solar system has about ____________ satellites. (thirty-five, fifty, ninety-six)
g) The universe is ____________. (contracting, expanding, stationary)
h) The disease, haemophiia is caused by the deficiency of vitamin ____________ (A, K, D)
i) ____________ is a natural polymer. (glucose, protein, polyethylene)
j) ____________ cannot be nominated for the Nobel Prize. (physicists, economists, astronomers)

3. Define any five of the following terms.

a) Biogas
b) Geothermal energy
c) Vaccine
d) Antibiotic
e) Ceramics
f) Light year

4. Briefly discuss classification of plants giving suitable example of each type.
5. What are Endocrine Glands? Name any two. From which part of the body are the following secreted:a) Insulin
b) Thyroxin
c) Adrenaline
d) Oestrogen
e) Testosterone
f) Cortisol

1. Which of the following statements are true.

a) Jbir Ibne Hayyan was the author book Kitab Al- Manazir. F
b) Abyl Qasim Al-Zahravi was a famous Muslim mathematician F.
c) The speed of light is nearly 300,000 km/sec.T
d) Ideally water can e used as a car fuel after electrolysis.T
e) A machine helps us do more work with less force.T
f) Our eye is very sensitive to blue light.F
g) We can receive TV sound signal on our FM radio sets.T
h) Sound can travel through vacuum.F
i) Famous Muslim botanist Ibn Al Baitar lived during the period 700-90 A.D.F
j) A ceramic engine would have greater efficiency.T


2. Fill in the blanks with the correct choice.

a) Al Beruni died in ____________ A.D. ( 1048)
b) Abu Ali Sina was born in ____________. (Turkey)
c) ____________ colour has shortest wavelength. (blue)
d) ____________ metal has the highest electrical conductivity. ( copper)
e) light travels fastest in ____________. ( vacuum)
f) Our solar system has about ____________ satellites. (fifty)
g) The universe is ____________. ( expanding)
h) The disease, haemophiia is caused by the deficiency of vitamin ____________ ( K)
i) ____________ is a natural polymer. ( protein)
j) ____________ cannot be nominated for the Nobel Prize. ( astronomers)

a) Biogas
Biogas is the result of the controlled microbial breakdown of organic materials such as animal manures or food scraps in an anaerobic digester.Biogas is a mixture of about 60-70% methane (natural gas), 30-40% carbon dioxide and other trace gases, such as hydrogen sulfide.

b) Geothermal energy
The word geothermal comes from the Greek words geo (earth) and therme (heat). So, geothermal energy is heat from within the earth. We can use the steam and hot water produced inside the earth to heat buildings or generate electricity. Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source because the water is replenished by rainfall and the heat is continuously produced inside the earth.

c) Vaccine
Vaccine is an immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies.

d) Antibiotic
Chemical substance formed as a metabolic by-product in bacteria or fungi and used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics can be produced naturally, using microorganisms, or synthetically.

e) Ceramics
Ceramics are classified as inorganic and nonmetallic materials that are essential to our daily lifestyle. This category of materials includes things like tile, bricks, plates, glass, and toilets.Ceramics are generally made by taking mixtures of clay, earthen elements, powders, and water and shaping them into desired forms. Once the ceramic has been shaped, it is fired in a high temperature oven known as a kiln. Often, ceramics are covered in decorative, waterproof, paint-like substances known as glazes.

f) Light year
A light-year is a unit of distance. It is the distance that light can travel in one year. Light moves at a velocity of about 300,000 (km) each second. So in one year, it can travel about 10 trillion km. More precisely, one light-year is equal to 9,500,000,000,000 kilometers.

correct if some mistake is there.

Paper 1996
6.What does laser stand for? Describe four different applications, clearly stating their principle.

7. Define energy. What are its units in the metric system? Name two devices each in which major part of electrical energy is converted into hear, light, sound, mechanical energy.

8. What do the following scientific abbreviations stand for?
a) LPG
b) TNT
c) RNA
d) CNG
e) ATP
f) RBC
g) ECG
h) PVC
i) RAM
j) CFC

9. Write short notes on any two of the following
a) Acid rain
b) Green house effect
c) Ozone depletion

10. What are the three components of the CPU in a computer? What is the function of each?

11. Draw clearly the vertical section of a human body. Indicating various parts. How are adult human teeth classified?

12. Briefly describe the principle and function of a camera. Mention its essential parts along with brief comparison with an eye.

13. Explain briefly, the formation of day and night. How do seasonal variations occur on our earth?

14. Differentiate between any five of the following
a) Thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics
b) Lunar eclipse and solar eclipse
c) Asteroid and meteorite
d) Renewable and non-renewable energy resources
e) Endothermic and exothermic reactions
f) Star and planet
g) Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion

15. Fill in the blanks
a) ______________ are biological catalysts which have multiple function in the body.
b) The difference between electrical charges at the two ends of a conductor is called ______________.
c) The branch of zoology which deals with the study of insects is called ______________.
d) Electric current is measured by an ______________.
e) Dry ice is solid ______________.
f) Fuels formed from animal and plant matter that lived thousands of years ago are known as ______________.
g) Light with larger wavelength than that of the red colour is called ______________.
h) Penicillin was discovered by ______________.
i) Medulla Oblongata connects the ______________ with the spinal chord.
j) The pH of normal human blood is ______________.

Regards